Mahnaz Fatehinia, Ladan Fattah Moghadam, T. Ashktorab
{"title":"The Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on happiness of nurses in pediatric intensive care units: a quasi-experimental study","authors":"Mahnaz Fatehinia, Ladan Fattah Moghadam, T. Ashktorab","doi":"10.52547/iau.31.3.346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iau.31.3.346","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18492,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77295235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohaddese Goleij, F. Khakpai, M. Montazeri, L. Youseftabar-Miri
Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disease that disrupts metabolism of sugars and fats in the body. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of isatin-schiff base derivatives on blood glucose and lipid levels in streptozotocin-induced type II diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Drugs (insulin, glibenclamide, Schiff base I and Schiff base II) were injected intraperitoneally for 14 days. After 14 days, blood samples were taken from all groups and blood glucose and lipid profiles were measured. Results: Streptozotocin injection significantly increased blood sugar, triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL, but significantly decreased blood HDL compared to the control group. Also, injection of insulin, glibenclamide, Schiff base I and different doses of Schiff base II (for 14 days) in the diabetic group significantly reduced blood sugar, triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL, but significantly increased blood HDL compared to the sham diabetic group. Injection of the lowest dose of Schiff base II (25 mg/kg) with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced blood sugar compared to the control or glibenclamide group, but had no significant effect on triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL and LDL compared to the control, insulin or glibenclamide groups. Conclusion: These results indicate that the derivatives of E)) 3(H1-imidazole-4-yl) -2 ((2-oxindolin-3ylidine) amino) propanoic acid may be effective in the treatment of diabetes. The effect of Schiff base I and Schiff base II are probably due to the presence of isatin or imidazole ring and their antioxidant properties.
{"title":"Modulation of blood sugar level and lipid profiles by schiff base of (E)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-((2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) amino) propanoicacid derivatives in streptozotocin-induced type II diabetic rats","authors":"Mohaddese Goleij, F. Khakpai, M. Montazeri, L. Youseftabar-Miri","doi":"10.52547/iau.31.3.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iau.31.3.319","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disease that disrupts metabolism of sugars and fats in the body. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of isatin-schiff base derivatives on blood glucose and lipid levels in streptozotocin-induced type II diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Drugs (insulin, glibenclamide, Schiff base I and Schiff base II) were injected intraperitoneally for 14 days. After 14 days, blood samples were taken from all groups and blood glucose and lipid profiles were measured. Results: Streptozotocin injection significantly increased blood sugar, triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL, but significantly decreased blood HDL compared to the control group. Also, injection of insulin, glibenclamide, Schiff base I and different doses of Schiff base II (for 14 days) in the diabetic group significantly reduced blood sugar, triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL, but significantly increased blood HDL compared to the sham diabetic group. Injection of the lowest dose of Schiff base II (25 mg/kg) with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced blood sugar compared to the control or glibenclamide group, but had no significant effect on triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL and LDL compared to the control, insulin or glibenclamide groups. Conclusion: These results indicate that the derivatives of E)) 3(H1-imidazole-4-yl) -2 ((2-oxindolin-3ylidine) amino) propanoic acid may be effective in the treatment of diabetes. The effect of Schiff base I and Schiff base II are probably due to the presence of isatin or imidazole ring and their antioxidant properties.","PeriodicalId":18492,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86802606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soleyman Ansari Kolachahi, S. Gholamrezaei, Mohammad Moradnia, Fahimeh AdibSaber
Background: Beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) is one of the dietary supplements that has been used in recent years to modulate homeostasis and increase lipolysis and lean mass in athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with HMB supplementation on lipid profile and some indicators of physical fitness of beginner bodybuilders. Materials and methods: In the present study, 40 male bodybuilders aged 19-29 years with a mean age of 22.95±3.03 years voluntarily participated and were randomly divided into two groups: HMB and placebo. The HMB group and the placebo group took the HMB supplement and the polydextrose capsule for 14 days, respectively. The training program for both groups included resistance exercises with a dual pyramid pattern for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Blood samples were measured in the preand post-test phase two days before and after the intervention. Results: The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups of HMB and placebo in the triglyceride variable due to the intervention (p <0.05). But for the other variables, including LDL, HDL, LDL / HDL, and cholesterol, this difference was not significant (p>0.05). There was also a significant difference between HMB and placebo groups in the variables of chest and leg press due to intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of resistance training with a double pyramid pattern with HMB supplementation increased strength and decreased triglycerides in beginner bodybuilders.
{"title":"The effect of resistance training with HMB supplementation on lipid profile and some physical fitness indicators of beginner bodybuilders","authors":"Soleyman Ansari Kolachahi, S. Gholamrezaei, Mohammad Moradnia, Fahimeh AdibSaber","doi":"10.52547/IAU.31.2.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/IAU.31.2.164","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) is one of the dietary supplements that has been used in recent years to modulate homeostasis and increase lipolysis and lean mass in athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with HMB supplementation on lipid profile and some indicators of physical fitness of beginner bodybuilders. Materials and methods: In the present study, 40 male bodybuilders aged 19-29 years with a mean age of 22.95±3.03 years voluntarily participated and were randomly divided into two groups: HMB and placebo. The HMB group and the placebo group took the HMB supplement and the polydextrose capsule for 14 days, respectively. The training program for both groups included resistance exercises with a dual pyramid pattern for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Blood samples were measured in the preand post-test phase two days before and after the intervention. Results: The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups of HMB and placebo in the triglyceride variable due to the intervention (p <0.05). But for the other variables, including LDL, HDL, LDL / HDL, and cholesterol, this difference was not significant (p>0.05). There was also a significant difference between HMB and placebo groups in the variables of chest and leg press due to intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of resistance training with a double pyramid pattern with HMB supplementation increased strength and decreased triglycerides in beginner bodybuilders.","PeriodicalId":18492,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77089670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Safaee, Mohammad Sahabalzamani, P. Jafari, Farhad Adhami
Background: Although nursing education in Iran has a positive growth and trend, but it faces challenges that the existence of these challenges makes it more important to pay attention to evaluation. The aim of this study was to provide a model for improving the evaluation of nursing education in nursing units of Islamic Azad University. Materials and methods: The present study was a qualitative study conducted using the Foundation's data method. Participants in this study were based on the rule and principle of theoretical saturation who were selected by targeted sampling. The data collection method was semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed using three-step coding and a comparative method of Strauss and Corbin. Results: The dimensions of the model of improving nursing education evaluation in Islamic Azad Universities were identified in 6 dimensions, including "central phenomenon", "causal conditions", "contextual conditions", "strategies", "intervening factors" and " outcomes". The tools and methods of evaluation were the central phenomenon. Faculty members, educational facilities, student conditions, and the university's organizational structure were the causal factors influencing the central phenomenon. The educational system, legal contexts, social factors and the labor market were considered as the contextual conditions. Interventional factors included organizational and motivation. Strategies included human resource development management and the application of successful assessment models, and the end result of the research was to improve the status of nursing education. Conclusion: There are countless requirements for the effectiveness of nursing assessment. Providing these conditions can improve the effectiveness of current assessment by policymakers.
{"title":"Model of improving nursing education evaluation in Islamic Azad University: a grounded theory study","authors":"Maryam Safaee, Mohammad Sahabalzamani, P. Jafari, Farhad Adhami","doi":"10.52547/iau.31.2.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iau.31.2.229","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although nursing education in Iran has a positive growth and trend, but it faces challenges that the existence of these challenges makes it more important to pay attention to evaluation. The aim of this study was to provide a model for improving the evaluation of nursing education in nursing units of Islamic Azad University. Materials and methods: The present study was a qualitative study conducted using the Foundation's data method. Participants in this study were based on the rule and principle of theoretical saturation who were selected by targeted sampling. The data collection method was semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed using three-step coding and a comparative method of Strauss and Corbin. Results: The dimensions of the model of improving nursing education evaluation in Islamic Azad Universities were identified in 6 dimensions, including \"central phenomenon\", \"causal conditions\", \"contextual conditions\", \"strategies\", \"intervening factors\" and \" outcomes\". The tools and methods of evaluation were the central phenomenon. Faculty members, educational facilities, student conditions, and the university's organizational structure were the causal factors influencing the central phenomenon. The educational system, legal contexts, social factors and the labor market were considered as the contextual conditions. Interventional factors included organizational and motivation. Strategies included human resource development management and the application of successful assessment models, and the end result of the research was to improve the status of nursing education. Conclusion: There are countless requirements for the effectiveness of nursing assessment. Providing these conditions can improve the effectiveness of current assessment by policymakers.","PeriodicalId":18492,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73284626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Behbahani, Mohammad Karimi Moridani, Alireza Ramezani, Hamideh Sabbaghi
Background : Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we tried to examine the potentials of time-frequency methods for differentiating the eyes with CRVO. Materials and methods : Twenty patients with unilateral CRVO were included in this study. Their contralateral normal eyes were considered as the control group. Two methods of Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) were implemented to determine the frequency components of the electroretinogram (ERG) signals which were recorded based on light-adapted 3 ERG and light-adapted 30 Hz flicker ERG. Results : In the DWT method, the ERG response of light-adapted 3 ERG included three main components that corresponded to the advent of a, b, and i waves. Light-adapted 30 Hz flicker ERG included two main components that coincided with a and b waves. The first and second dominant frequencies of both ERGs in the CRVO and healthy groups showed a significant differentiation, and the time of the emerging frequency of the dominant frequency in the stimulation of irradiance increased by 3 cd.s.m -2 . Conclusion : The DWT has shown the ability to distinguish between the frequencies of the eyes with CRVO and the healthy ones. The drop in frequency and latency of the predominant frequencies in light-adapted 3 cd.s.m -2 indicate a greater involvement of rod cells compared to the retinal cone cells. time Fourier transform, Discrete wavelet transform.
{"title":"Investigating the frequency characteristics of the electroretinogram signal in patients with central retinal vein occlusion","authors":"S. Behbahani, Mohammad Karimi Moridani, Alireza Ramezani, Hamideh Sabbaghi","doi":"10.52547/iau.31.2.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iau.31.2.205","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we tried to examine the potentials of time-frequency methods for differentiating the eyes with CRVO. Materials and methods : Twenty patients with unilateral CRVO were included in this study. Their contralateral normal eyes were considered as the control group. Two methods of Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) were implemented to determine the frequency components of the electroretinogram (ERG) signals which were recorded based on light-adapted 3 ERG and light-adapted 30 Hz flicker ERG. Results : In the DWT method, the ERG response of light-adapted 3 ERG included three main components that corresponded to the advent of a, b, and i waves. Light-adapted 30 Hz flicker ERG included two main components that coincided with a and b waves. The first and second dominant frequencies of both ERGs in the CRVO and healthy groups showed a significant differentiation, and the time of the emerging frequency of the dominant frequency in the stimulation of irradiance increased by 3 cd.s.m -2 . Conclusion : The DWT has shown the ability to distinguish between the frequencies of the eyes with CRVO and the healthy ones. The drop in frequency and latency of the predominant frequencies in light-adapted 3 cd.s.m -2 indicate a greater involvement of rod cells compared to the retinal cone cells. time Fourier transform, Discrete wavelet transform.","PeriodicalId":18492,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL","volume":"64 7-8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91495637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shokoofeh Samadian, M. Estaki, Roya Koochakentezar, A. Baghdassarians, Afsaneh Ghanbari panah
Background: The desire for beauty has long existed in human nature. Cosmetic surgery has been considered for creating beauty and an optimal mental image today. The purpose of present study was to explain the mediation role of rumination in the relationship between personality traits and perceived stress with body image concern. Materials and methods: The present research was a correlation type study in which 345 applicants for cosmetic surgery who referred to surgical centers in Northern Tehran in 2017 were voluntarily selected by convenient and purposive sampling method. They answered to the demographic questionnaires, perceived stress by Cohen et al. (1983), the personality by NEO (1985), body image concern by Littleton (2005) and ruminative responses by Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow (1991). Data analysis was done at descriptive and inferential levels using normality tests, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling by SPSS-ver.24, Amos software. Results: The results showed that the model for measuring the variables of research was valid and rumination had a mediation role in the relationship between personality traits and perceived stress with the body image concern in applicants for cosmetic surgery. Similarly, the structural model of body image concern based on personality traits and perceived stress had a favorable fit. Conclusion: Normalized scales need to be used to understand and evaluate psychology before cosmetic surgery, and this screening can reduce the number of unnecessary surgeries.
{"title":"Explaining the mediation role of rumination in the relationship between personality traits and perceived stress with body image concern","authors":"Shokoofeh Samadian, M. Estaki, Roya Koochakentezar, A. Baghdassarians, Afsaneh Ghanbari panah","doi":"10.52547/iau.31.2.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iau.31.2.218","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The desire for beauty has long existed in human nature. Cosmetic surgery has been considered for creating beauty and an optimal mental image today. The purpose of present study was to explain the mediation role of rumination in the relationship between personality traits and perceived stress with body image concern. Materials and methods: The present research was a correlation type study in which 345 applicants for cosmetic surgery who referred to surgical centers in Northern Tehran in 2017 were voluntarily selected by convenient and purposive sampling method. They answered to the demographic questionnaires, perceived stress by Cohen et al. (1983), the personality by NEO (1985), body image concern by Littleton (2005) and ruminative responses by Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow (1991). Data analysis was done at descriptive and inferential levels using normality tests, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling by SPSS-ver.24, Amos software. Results: The results showed that the model for measuring the variables of research was valid and rumination had a mediation role in the relationship between personality traits and perceived stress with the body image concern in applicants for cosmetic surgery. Similarly, the structural model of body image concern based on personality traits and perceived stress had a favorable fit. Conclusion: Normalized scales need to be used to understand and evaluate psychology before cosmetic surgery, and this screening can reduce the number of unnecessary surgeries.","PeriodicalId":18492,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89490542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Nowadays, tea is the most popular and frequently consumed beverages in the world after water. There are some beneficial trace elements in tea such as fluoride, caffeine and essential minerals, although there may be heavy metals in tea leaves which threat seriously human health. Therefore, the main objective of current study was to determine and monitor lead content in imported black and green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L) and time of infusion and to compare the release of Pb from them by the time factor. Materials and methods: The mean content of lead in 450 brewed samples of green and black tea were determined in three different duration time of infusion (5, 10, and 15 minutes) by graphic atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Samples were prepared by wet digestion method due to international protocols AOAC by concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acid. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to detect significances among samples from different time of infusion in samples. Results: The results showed that in the brew of dry black and green tea samples, the amount of lead was less than the allowable limit of the dry tea sample (1ppm). Also the amount in the brewed tea in 15 minutes was higher than 10 minutes and it was higher than 5 minutes. Conclusion: The amount of lead in the brewed tea was lower than in the dry samples. The best time to brew tea is 5 minutes, when the amount of lead is the lowest and the organoleptic properties have the best conditions in terms of flavor.
{"title":"Study on lead levels in infusion time of imported green and black tea (Camellia sinensis L)","authors":"Niloufar Ehsani, P. Ziarati, M. Salami","doi":"10.52547/iau.31.2.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iau.31.2.173","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nowadays, tea is the most popular and frequently consumed beverages in the world after water. There are some beneficial trace elements in tea such as fluoride, caffeine and essential minerals, although there may be heavy metals in tea leaves which threat seriously human health. Therefore, the main objective of current study was to determine and monitor lead content in imported black and green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L) and time of infusion and to compare the release of Pb from them by the time factor. Materials and methods: The mean content of lead in 450 brewed samples of green and black tea were determined in three different duration time of infusion (5, 10, and 15 minutes) by graphic atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Samples were prepared by wet digestion method due to international protocols AOAC by concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acid. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to detect significances among samples from different time of infusion in samples. Results: The results showed that in the brew of dry black and green tea samples, the amount of lead was less than the allowable limit of the dry tea sample (1ppm). Also the amount in the brewed tea in 15 minutes was higher than 10 minutes and it was higher than 5 minutes. Conclusion: The amount of lead in the brewed tea was lower than in the dry samples. The best time to brew tea is 5 minutes, when the amount of lead is the lowest and the organoleptic properties have the best conditions in terms of flavor.","PeriodicalId":18492,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74790359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamide Sharifi Darani, P. Ziarati, M. Taherkhani, Z. Mousavi
Background: Caffeinated energy drinks are common drinks among athletes and general population that have benefits such as providing quick energy, reducing fatigue and creating alertness, but can lead to serious complications in patients, especially those who have cancer and mental, cardiovascular, or renal diseases. The aim of this study was to validate the quantitative analysis and determine caffeine in 10 caffeinecontaining drink samples from Tehran markets using high efficiency liquid chromatography (HPLC). Materials and methods: In this study, first the HPLC method was validated using the sample standard. Then the amount of caffeine in 10 samples of drinks was evaluated. Results: The calibration curve of caffeine was linear in the range of 2-200 ppm and its correlation coefficient was 0.997. The limits of detection and quantification (LOQ and LOD) were 44.65 and 13.39 g/mL respectively. After validating the method, 10 drink samples collected from Tehran were tested for caffeine content. Comparing the results with international standards showed that the caffeine value of these beverages was lower than the standard. Conclusion: This method has the accuracy and efficiency in measuring the caffeine of beverages. Comparing with international standards, the amount of caffeine in the beverages is lower than the standard. Due to the increased consumption of these drinks in the country, measuring caffeine at different times is essential.
{"title":"Method validation and determination of caffeine in drinks in the Iranian market by the HPLC","authors":"Hamide Sharifi Darani, P. Ziarati, M. Taherkhani, Z. Mousavi","doi":"10.29252/iau.30.4.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/iau.30.4.425","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Caffeinated energy drinks are common drinks among athletes and general population that have benefits such as providing quick energy, reducing fatigue and creating alertness, but can lead to serious complications in patients, especially those who have cancer and mental, cardiovascular, or renal diseases. The aim of this study was to validate the quantitative analysis and determine caffeine in 10 caffeinecontaining drink samples from Tehran markets using high efficiency liquid chromatography (HPLC). Materials and methods: In this study, first the HPLC method was validated using the sample standard. Then the amount of caffeine in 10 samples of drinks was evaluated. Results: The calibration curve of caffeine was linear in the range of 2-200 ppm and its correlation coefficient was 0.997. The limits of detection and quantification (LOQ and LOD) were 44.65 and 13.39 g/mL respectively. After validating the method, 10 drink samples collected from Tehran were tested for caffeine content. Comparing the results with international standards showed that the caffeine value of these beverages was lower than the standard. Conclusion: This method has the accuracy and efficiency in measuring the caffeine of beverages. Comparing with international standards, the amount of caffeine in the beverages is lower than the standard. Due to the increased consumption of these drinks in the country, measuring caffeine at different times is essential.","PeriodicalId":18492,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83320377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Prenatal Restraint stress (PRS) leads to cognitive-behavioral disorders and neuro-pathological deficits in children. The present study evaluated the effect of trichostatin A (TSA) on hippocampal level of proand anti-inflammatory cytokines in rat model of prenatal restraint stress. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 20 pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including control, PRS+NS, PRS+TSA5, and PRS+TSA10. PRS was induced from 13 embryonic day, one hour per day during seven days. Two hours before PRS, administration of TSA was intraperitoneally performed. At the end of one month, the hippocampal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukine-1β (IL-1β), interleukine-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukine-10; IL-10) were measured by ELISA technique. Statistical differences between groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test and p˂0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines content and decrease level of IL-10 in hippocampus were observed in PRS+NS group compared to the control (p˂0.05). However, TSA treatment was significantly decreased IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and increased IL-10 compared to the PRS+NS group in dose manner (p˂0.05). Conclusion: It seems that TSA with anti-inflammatory effects leads to the modification of hippocampal inflammatory cytokines and reduces inflammation in offspring’s hippocampus who exposed to stress in the prenatal period.
背景:产前约束应激(PRS)可导致儿童认知行为障碍和神经病理缺陷。本研究探讨了曲古抑素A (trichostatin A, TSA)对产前限制性应激大鼠海马原抗炎细胞因子水平的影响。材料与方法:本实验选取妊娠Wistar大鼠20只，随机分为对照组、PRS+NS组、PRS+TSA5组和PRS+TSA10组。从胚胎第13天开始，每天1小时，共7天。PRS前2小时，腹腔注射TSA。1个月后，海马促炎细胞因子如白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)和抗炎细胞因子(白细胞介素-10;ELISA法测定白细胞介素-10 (IL-10)含量。采用方差分析(ANOVA)和Tukey事后检验(post hoc test)分析组间的统计学差异，p值小于0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:与对照组相比，PRS+NS组海马组织中促炎细胞因子含量显著升高，IL-10水平显著降低(p小于0.05)。与PRS+NS组比较，TSA治疗组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α显著降低，IL-10显著升高(p小于0.05)。结论:TSA具有抗炎作用，可能导致产前应激子代海马炎性细胞因子的改变，减轻了应激子代海马的炎症反应。
{"title":"Effects of trichostatin A on pre- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of the hippocampus in rats of the prenatally restraint stressed model","authors":"سمیره نعمتی, محمدامین عدالت منش","doi":"10.29252/iau.30.3.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/iau.30.3.244","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prenatal Restraint stress (PRS) leads to cognitive-behavioral disorders and neuro-pathological deficits in children. The present study evaluated the effect of trichostatin A (TSA) on hippocampal level of proand anti-inflammatory cytokines in rat model of prenatal restraint stress. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 20 pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including control, PRS+NS, PRS+TSA5, and PRS+TSA10. PRS was induced from 13 embryonic day, one hour per day during seven days. Two hours before PRS, administration of TSA was intraperitoneally performed. At the end of one month, the hippocampal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukine-1β (IL-1β), interleukine-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukine-10; IL-10) were measured by ELISA technique. Statistical differences between groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test and p˂0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines content and decrease level of IL-10 in hippocampus were observed in PRS+NS group compared to the control (p˂0.05). However, TSA treatment was significantly decreased IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and increased IL-10 compared to the PRS+NS group in dose manner (p˂0.05). Conclusion: It seems that TSA with anti-inflammatory effects leads to the modification of hippocampal inflammatory cytokines and reduces inflammation in offspring’s hippocampus who exposed to stress in the prenatal period.","PeriodicalId":18492,"journal":{"name":"MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86099661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：