The performance of twelve parallel MOS-controlled thyristors (MCTs) in a resonant DC-link circuit is described. Each individual MCT device, with an active area of 0.4 cm/sup 2/, is rated at 80 A and 600 volts. Four MCTs were paralleled to form a switch for a resonant inverter circuit. The criteria for good static and dynamic current sharing are identified to be forward voltage drop and the turn-on voltage characteristic of the MCTs. The current rating of the MCT module was derated from 320 A (at discrete device level) to 200 A. Paralleling of three MCT modules leads to further degradation in current rating to 450 A. The nonuniform distribution of stray inductance present in the MCT switch and circuit is the major cause for the derating of MCTs at switch level. MCTs with various designs were fabricated and analyzed. An optimal design for low turn-on voltage and high current turn-off capability is identified.<>
{"title":"Performance of 500 A, 450 V parallel MOS-controlled thyristors (MCTs) in a resonant DC-link circuit","authors":"H. Chang, A. Radun","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152402","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of twelve parallel MOS-controlled thyristors (MCTs) in a resonant DC-link circuit is described. Each individual MCT device, with an active area of 0.4 cm/sup 2/, is rated at 80 A and 600 volts. Four MCTs were paralleled to form a switch for a resonant inverter circuit. The criteria for good static and dynamic current sharing are identified to be forward voltage drop and the turn-on voltage characteristic of the MCTs. The current rating of the MCT module was derated from 320 A (at discrete device level) to 200 A. Paralleling of three MCT modules leads to further degradation in current rating to 450 A. The nonuniform distribution of stray inductance present in the MCT switch and circuit is the major cause for the derating of MCTs at switch level. MCTs with various designs were fabricated and analyzed. An optimal design for low turn-on voltage and high current turn-off capability is identified.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129137348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hardware and software of a microcomputer-based system to control the speed of a DC motor, coupled with the carriage of a vertical transportation system or with the tub of an inclined transportation system by controlling its armature voltage are described.<>
{"title":"Microprocessor based on line drive control in mine-material handling","authors":"S. Sengupta, A. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152443","url":null,"abstract":"The hardware and software of a microcomputer-based system to control the speed of a DC motor, coupled with the carriage of a vertical transportation system or with the tub of an inclined transportation system by controlling its armature voltage are described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117135397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Caldeira, K. Marschke, M. Aydemir, T. Lipo, Y. Murai
The use of a high-frequency series-resonant DC link power converter as a DC motor drive is described. This system generates a resonant current in a series link, and switching is performed at zero current instants, reducing switching losses to a minimum value. A pulse-density modulation (PDM) strategy, utilizing a current regulator loop and an external motor speed feedback loop, controls the resonant converter. A sinusoidal input fundamental current and nearly unity input power factor are observed in different load conditions. The overall characteristics of the system, including such variables as maximum power, input current, start up, and transient responses, are presented by digital simulation and verified on a prototype system.<>
{"title":"Utilization of the series resonant DC link as a DC motor drive","authors":"P. Caldeira, K. Marschke, M. Aydemir, T. Lipo, Y. Murai","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152338","url":null,"abstract":"The use of a high-frequency series-resonant DC link power converter as a DC motor drive is described. This system generates a resonant current in a series link, and switching is performed at zero current instants, reducing switching losses to a minimum value. A pulse-density modulation (PDM) strategy, utilizing a current regulator loop and an external motor speed feedback loop, controls the resonant converter. A sinusoidal input fundamental current and nearly unity input power factor are observed in different load conditions. The overall characteristics of the system, including such variables as maximum power, input current, start up, and transient responses, are presented by digital simulation and verified on a prototype system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117345379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adaptive control of a power prime-mover requires effective modeling and identification techniques that have good disturbance rejection properties. Existing methods tend to avoid explicit modeling of input dead-time due to resulting computational complexity. Two different approaches of modeling the diesel power prime-mover are presented. The predictors are derived from the results of two different least-squares estimates of the plant. The derived predictors are compared with each other, and with their respective least-squares models, on the basis of disturbance rejection capability and computational complexity. It is shown by extensive simulation studies that the predictors obtained converge quickly and operate with very small prediction error under severe load disturbances and large speed reference changes. A comparative discussion of the two methods is presented.<>
{"title":"Predictors for application to real-time adaptive control of a diesel prime-mover","authors":"S. Roy, O. Malik, G. Hope","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152430","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive control of a power prime-mover requires effective modeling and identification techniques that have good disturbance rejection properties. Existing methods tend to avoid explicit modeling of input dead-time due to resulting computational complexity. Two different approaches of modeling the diesel power prime-mover are presented. The predictors are derived from the results of two different least-squares estimates of the plant. The derived predictors are compared with each other, and with their respective least-squares models, on the basis of disturbance rejection capability and computational complexity. It is shown by extensive simulation studies that the predictors obtained converge quickly and operate with very small prediction error under severe load disturbances and large speed reference changes. A comparative discussion of the two methods is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114149020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A current sensor is developed which can detect with a fast response and with precision the instantaneous current including higher harmonic components, such as an inverter output current. The proposed sensor can reconstruct an instantaneous current chopped up into the frequencies of several tens of kilohertz with an accuracy of 0.5% FS (full scale). The detectable range covers currents from on the order of milliamperes to several amperes.<>
{"title":"A current sensor of high response and high sensitivity","authors":"T. Sonoda, R. Ueda","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152251","url":null,"abstract":"A current sensor is developed which can detect with a fast response and with precision the instantaneous current including higher harmonic components, such as an inverter output current. The proposed sensor can reconstruct an instantaneous current chopped up into the frequencies of several tens of kilohertz with an accuracy of 0.5% FS (full scale). The detectable range covers currents from on the order of milliamperes to several amperes.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115198089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Impulse current produced by lightning in transmission and distribution lines is studied. A new method of detection of impulse currents is proposed, using electrets as elements of transduction. An impulse voltage, derived from the impulse current, is applied between two electrodes separated by a dielectric (Teflon FEP) with an air gap, producing a Paschen disruptive discharge in the gap and transferring charges from the electrode to the dielectric surface. For plane electrodes, it is found that the mean charge density transferred to the dielectric is proportional to the value of the peak voltage. For cylindrical/plane electrodes, the relationship between the value of the voltage peak and the charged area is also discussed.<>
{"title":"Electret transducer for measuring impulse voltages and currents-application in lightning detection","authors":"R. Altafim, J. M. Janiszewski, J. Giacometti","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152290","url":null,"abstract":"Impulse current produced by lightning in transmission and distribution lines is studied. A new method of detection of impulse currents is proposed, using electrets as elements of transduction. An impulse voltage, derived from the impulse current, is applied between two electrodes separated by a dielectric (Teflon FEP) with an air gap, producing a Paschen disruptive discharge in the gap and transferring charges from the electrode to the dielectric surface. For plane electrodes, it is found that the mean charge density transferred to the dielectric is proportional to the value of the peak voltage. For cylindrical/plane electrodes, the relationship between the value of the voltage peak and the charged area is also discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115762883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In high-field machines employing rare-earth magnets the effect of saturation is significant, and therefore appropriate modification to the classic two-reaction theory has to be considered to achieve more accurate and realistic prediction of the machine performance. Two approaches are described for modelling the steady-state operation of permanent magnet synchronous machines from the two-reaction equivalent circuit which take into account the effect of core loss. The nonlinearity of the machine's performance due to saturation is taken into account by adjusting the values of the synchronous reactances. Experimental results confirm the validity and accuracy of the model. In addition, the sensitivity of the analysis to the values of the two-reaction equivalent circuit parameters is investigated.<>
{"title":"Practical modelling of permanent magnet synchronous machines with rare-earth magnets","authors":"F. B. Chaaban, P. Mellor, K. Binns","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152177","url":null,"abstract":"In high-field machines employing rare-earth magnets the effect of saturation is significant, and therefore appropriate modification to the classic two-reaction theory has to be considered to achieve more accurate and realistic prediction of the machine performance. Two approaches are described for modelling the steady-state operation of permanent magnet synchronous machines from the two-reaction equivalent circuit which take into account the effect of core loss. The nonlinearity of the machine's performance due to saturation is taken into account by adjusting the values of the synchronous reactances. Experimental results confirm the validity and accuracy of the model. In addition, the sensitivity of the analysis to the values of the two-reaction equivalent circuit parameters is investigated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114878441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A real-time control network that was constructed to provide computer control and monitoring of continuous mining machines is described. The network is composed of a collection of inexpensive microcomputers connected by a single twisted pair cable. Each microcomputer is integrated to provide a particular function in the control process. Machine-mounted microcomputers, in conjunction with the appropriate sensors, provide for closed loop control of the machine, navigation and environmental monitoring. Offboard microcomputers provide remote control and computer-assisted control of the machine and indicate sensor status. Other microcomputers provide a connection to the network so that external computers can access network data and control the continuous mining machine. Different computer systems using various operating systems have been connected to the network, and each has demonstrated complete network functionality. The network has been tested on continuous mining machines at the US Bureau of Mines surface test facility and in an active highwall in West Virginia. The architecture of the distributed network's hardware and software is described.<>
{"title":"A microcomputer network for automated mining","authors":"W. Schiffbauer","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152368","url":null,"abstract":"A real-time control network that was constructed to provide computer control and monitoring of continuous mining machines is described. The network is composed of a collection of inexpensive microcomputers connected by a single twisted pair cable. Each microcomputer is integrated to provide a particular function in the control process. Machine-mounted microcomputers, in conjunction with the appropriate sensors, provide for closed loop control of the machine, navigation and environmental monitoring. Offboard microcomputers provide remote control and computer-assisted control of the machine and indicate sensor status. Other microcomputers provide a connection to the network so that external computers can access network data and control the continuous mining machine. Different computer systems using various operating systems have been connected to the network, and each has demonstrated complete network functionality. The network has been tested on continuous mining machines at the US Bureau of Mines surface test facility and in an active highwall in West Virginia. The architecture of the distributed network's hardware and software is described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125379601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrical noise measurements which were undertaken in preparation of designing a low-frequency (below 100 kHz) carrier current system for use in protective relaying are discussed. Steady-state measurements were made to assess the fluctuating noise level on a 600 V bus over a 24 hour period, and transient measurements were taken to discover the extent of the electrical noise generated in the few cycles following the initiation of an arcing fault. The steady-state measurements reveal only a small amount of noise, but show the importance of considering the effects of noise-generating loads in the design of any carrier current system. Transient measurements reveal a tremendous amount of electrical noise, especially at low frequencies. However, because this noise is still relatively small for frequencies above 50 kHz, there would be little difficulty operating a carrier system during transient electrical disturbances.<>
{"title":"Measurements of transient electrical noise on low voltage distribution systems","authors":"P. Ashton, G. Swift","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152420","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical noise measurements which were undertaken in preparation of designing a low-frequency (below 100 kHz) carrier current system for use in protective relaying are discussed. Steady-state measurements were made to assess the fluctuating noise level on a 600 V bus over a 24 hour period, and transient measurements were taken to discover the extent of the electrical noise generated in the few cycles following the initiation of an arcing fault. The steady-state measurements reveal only a small amount of noise, but show the importance of considering the effects of noise-generating loads in the design of any carrier current system. Transient measurements reveal a tremendous amount of electrical noise, especially at low frequencies. However, because this noise is still relatively small for frequencies above 50 kHz, there would be little difficulty operating a carrier system during transient electrical disturbances.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125601007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The synthesis of RLC networks whose impulse responses replicate measured electrostatic discharge (ESD) waveforms is attempted. This can be considered to be the first step in the design of ESD simulators which can generate waveforms discharged from various discharging objects and occurring under different test conditions. First, the identified system function of the discrete system is transformed into an equivalent continuous system function by using an inverse bilinear transformation. The latter is then synthesized using RLC circuit models and circuit synthesis techniques. After being simulated using SPICE, refined and with their order minimized, the circuits corresponding to selected ESD pulses are implemented and tested. This procedure thus permits the implementation of ESD simulators which can generate a wide range of discharge waveforms and be able to reproduce standard waveforms which could be measured under different testing procedures.<>
{"title":"Circuit models of ESD waveforms","authors":"M. Rudko, Y. Chang, C. Wu","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152282","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of RLC networks whose impulse responses replicate measured electrostatic discharge (ESD) waveforms is attempted. This can be considered to be the first step in the design of ESD simulators which can generate waveforms discharged from various discharging objects and occurring under different test conditions. First, the identified system function of the discrete system is transformed into an equivalent continuous system function by using an inverse bilinear transformation. The latter is then synthesized using RLC circuit models and circuit synthesis techniques. After being simulated using SPICE, refined and with their order minimized, the circuits corresponding to selected ESD pulses are implemented and tested. This procedure thus permits the implementation of ESD simulators which can generate a wide range of discharge waveforms and be able to reproduce standard waveforms which could be measured under different testing procedures.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126823713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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