Minerals Engineering最新文献_第3页

Ferronickel recovery from 2-stage thermally treated ultramafic nickel sulfide concentrate

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109178

Wei Lv , Brian Makuza , Samuel Marcuson , Manqiu Xu , Frederick D. Ford , Mansoor Barati

Nickel (Ni) is a critical metal facing a sharp increase in demand as it is a key ingredient in clean energy technologies such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for electric vehicles (EVs). The gradual depletion in the active high-grade Ni sulfide deposits has garnered more attention toward Ni extraction from low-grade ultramafic Ni sulfides. Although the low-grade ultramafic sulfide deposits have the benefits of being amenable to surface mining and low sulfur content, which translates to fewer sulfur emissions, their high MgO content raises the slag liquidus temperature and viscosity pushing the need for higher smelting temperatures. Our previous work developed a novel 2-stage thermal treatment process for extracting nickel from low-grade ultramafic nickel concentrates. Although promising results were obtained, further work was required to understand and fully optimize the separation process of the magnetic FeNi alloy from the non-magnetic gangue. Thus, this study comprehensively assesses the feasibility and conditions needed for producing high-grade ferronickel products. An efficient magnetic separation process flowchart detailing the optimum conditions for each process stage was developed. The optimal conditions were grinding the thermal treatment product to below 38 μm followed by magnetic separation using a magnetic field intensity of 0.025T. Under these conditions, the nickel recovery reached 80 %, the nickel grade was 26 %, and the Ni separation efficiency was above 65 %, within the acceptable ranges. Lastly, the study systematically investigated the phase transformations, micromorphology, and Ni distribution in the alloy, magnetic concentrate, and tails, aiming to fully understand the effect of variable factors such as particle size of the ground product and magnetic field intensity.

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引用次数: 0

A review of phyllosilicate minerals in flotation: Mechanisms of deleterious effect and mitigation method

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109180

Guohua Gu, Jianyu Chen, Mengchi Guo, Yanhong Wang

High content of phyllosilicate minerals has a deleterious effect on the mineral flotation process. In clay science, with increasing the solid concentration, phyllosilicate mineral particles associate into different network structures, according to the relative potentials and positions of basal faces and edge faces, which plays a dominant role in the flow behaviour of pulp. In this paper, the effect of phyllosilicate minerals on flotation is reviewed through entrainment, slime coating and pulp rheology. The methods for mitigating the deleterious effect of phyllosilicate minerals in flotation are also discussed microscopically and macroscopically. However, merging phyllosilicate mineralogy to their metallurgical effects is an area with even less conclusive outcomes to date. Based on this, understanding the phyllosilicate mineralogy would fortifying the research from phyllosilicate mineralogy to the network structure, rheology and flotation. Thus, selective altering the network structure of phyllosilicate minerals would be a promising method in enhancing the overall flotation performance with high content of phyllosilicate minerals, since the network structures could be able to combine the microscopic surface potentials with macroscopic pulp rheology together.

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating cryogenic grinding variables to maximize valuable metal liberation from spent lithium-ion batteries

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109193

F. Mulet-Mery, Jorge Uribe, J. Valenzuela-Elgueta, Cristian Serrano

This study explores the liberation of valuable metals from spent Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs) following cryogenic grinding with varying grinding times, frequencies, and particle sizes. We characterize the physicochemical changes in lithium metal oxide particles focusing on the mineral phases, semi-quantification, and liberation of Co, Ni, and Mn. A total of 18 cathodic material samples underwent cryogenic grinding. Additionally, one sample was processed through conventional grinding for comparison. Grinding variables included frequencies of 10, 20, and 30 Hz, and durations of 3, 5, and 7 min. Subsequently, all tests were analyzed to determine their D₈₀ value. The response surface methodology was used to ascertain the frequency and time variables with the greatest influence on D₈₀ values. A predictive regression model was then applied to find the best D₈₀ value. This statistical analysis was also used to choose the samples for X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electronic Microscope − Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscopy (QEMSCAN) characterization. Characterization results revealed that LiCoO₂ and Co₃O₄ particles have distinct spatial distributions compared to (Li_0.65Ni_0.05)(NiO₂) and Li_1.27Mn_1.73O₄ particles, which exhibited similar spatial distributions. LiCoO₂ and Co₃O₄ particles achieved a high degree of liberation at 20 and 30 Hz frequencies and were liberated even at coarser particle size distributions of approximately < 450 μm when the frequency was equal to 10 Hz. In contrast, (Li_0.65Ni_0.05)(NiO₂) and Li_1.27Mn_1.73O₄ particles demonstrated a much lower degree of liberation tending to aggregate and be locked, but they were liberated at < 38 μm size distributions at all frequencies analyzed. Results show that cryogenic grinding is superior to the traditional grinding method. Furthermore, the specific results of the predictive regression model indicate the optimal D₈₀ value of 55.82 μm can be achieved with a grinding frequency of 39 Hz and 7 min of constant grinding, enhancing the overall recovery efficiency for all target metals.

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced vibration dewatering to facilitate efficient disposal process for waste fine flotation tailings

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109177

Miao Pan , Tong Xu , Jiawang Lu , Chenlong Duan , Wei Shi , Long Huang , Yidong Shen , Jiale Yuan , Jinpeng Qiao , Haishen Jiang

Waste fine flotation tailings (WFFTs) constitute a type of ore slurry consisting of fine tailing particles and beneficiation wastewater produced in the mineral flotation process. It can lead to resource wastage and ecological pollution due to irrational disposal process. This study aimed at recovering the useful building materials and water resources via reprocessing WFFTs by classification, magnetic separation, and dewatering processes. Vibration dewatering is essential and first step during the dewatering of product, which can aid in recovering beneficiation wastewater and reduce the workload of the subsequent dewatering operations, significantly lowering the energy consumption. In this study, a screen surface structure with variable elasticity was proposed to enhance the dewatering performance. Further, the response laws of moisture content with respect to the factors such as vibration intensity gradient, solid concentration, feed rate, and screen aperture size were systematically explored, and the advantages of the vibration screen in industrial dewatering were verified. The average moisture contents of tailings sand, magnetic material, and non-magnetic material were 17.43 %, 19.36 %, and 17.23 %, respectively. The breakthrough of the vibration dewatering technology ensured efficient and stable operation of the tailing disposal process, and thus the transformation of WFFTs into useful resources such as building sand, dry-mixed mortar, and building ceramics was successfully achieved. Interestingly, the beneficiation plant was expected to generate economic benefits far exceeding $2.6 million per year. This study provides a possible innovative path for building an environmentally-friendly mining enterprise.

废细浮选尾矿（WFFTs）是由矿物浮选过程中产生的细小尾矿颗粒和选矿废水组成的一种矿浆。由于处理过程不合理，会造成资源浪费和生态污染。本研究旨在通过分级、磁选和脱水工艺对 WFFT 进行再处理，回收有用的建筑材料和水资源。振动脱水是产品脱水过程中必不可少的第一步，可帮助回收选矿废水，减少后续脱水操作的工作量，显著降低能耗。本研究提出了一种具有可变弹性的筛面结构，以提高脱水性能。此外，还系统探讨了含水率与振动强度梯度、固体浓度、进料速度和筛孔尺寸等因素的响应规律，验证了振动筛在工业脱水中的优势。尾砂、磁性材料和非磁性材料的平均含水率分别为 17.43 %、19.36 % 和 17.23 %。振动脱水技术的突破确保了尾矿处理工艺的高效稳定运行，从而成功实现了将水力浮选尾矿转化为建筑用砂、干混砂浆和建筑陶瓷等有用资源。有趣的是，选矿厂预计每年产生的经济效益远远超过 260 万美元。这项研究为建设环境友好型采矿企业提供了一条可能的创新之路。

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引用次数: 0

Review of beneficiation techniques and new thinking for comprehensive utilization of high-phosphorus iron ores

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109176

Guangheng Ji , Xu Gao , IL Sohn , Shigeru Ueda , Wanlin Wang

As the world faces the rapid depletion of high-grade iron ore reserves, the abundant high-phosphorus iron ore deposits present significant potential for future exploitation. These ores, rich in the valuable elements of iron and phosphorus, necessitate the development of practical processes for upgrading iron and recovering phosphorus. Consequently, to promote the foundation and application research of high-phosphorus iron ores, this review first describes the mineralogical characteristics of two typical high-phosphorus iron ores including oolitic hematite and other iron ores. Secondly, this paper comprehensively reviews various beneficiation techniques for high-phosphorus iron ores such as physical beneficiation, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, and their combined processes. Furthermore, technical challenges are summarized and discussed. Finally, to develop an eco-friendly method for treating ores on a large scale, a comprehensive direction of simultaneous concentration and separate recovery of iron and phosphorus from high-phosphorus iron ores is proposed. The process focuses on three topics: (1) Simultaneous concentration of iron and phosphorus during reduction roasting; (2) Dephosphorization for high-phosphorus hot metal using multi-phase slag; (3) Utilization of phosphorus from high-phosphorus slag. This strategy aims to enhance the value-added utilization of these resources and provide a guideline for the future development and utilization of high-phosphorus iron ores.

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Influence of calcination conditions on deep eutectic solvents (DES) leaching efficiency of light rare earth elements in bastnasite ore” [Miner. Eng. 220 (2025) 109087]

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109175

S. Samet Kaplan , Cisem Celik Kurtulan , Sebahattin Gurmen , Gokhan Orhan , M. Seref Sonmez

引用次数: 0

Preparation of cryolite from overhaul slag by low-temperature sulfuric acid roasting and water leaching 低温硫酸焙烧-水浸法制备冰晶石

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109174

Liangmin Dong , Fen Jiao , Wei Liu , Hongbin Ling

Resource disposal of overhaul slag is an urgent problem in aluminum industry. This paper innovatively proposed the synthesis of cryolite by low temperature H₂SO₄ roasting and water leaching process. Low temperature H₂SO₄ roasting can effectively volatilize fluoride such as Na₃AlF₆, CaF₂ and NaF into the flue gas in the form of HF for recovery, and aluminum compounds (Al₂O₃, Na₃AlF₆) are converted into NaAl(SO₄)₂ (except corundum). The water leaching can effectively extraction the aluminum and sodium compounds from the roasting clinker into the solution. Under the optimal roasting and leaching conditions, the volatilization rate of fluorine, the leaching rate of aluminum and sodium were 99.21 %, 73.95 % and 95.01 %, respectively. Then, the purified HF is passed into the solution to synthesize cryolite. The recovery and grade of cryolite were 98.69 % and 99.34 %, respectively. The technique opens up a new way for the resource disposal of hazardous waste of electrolytic aluminum.

大修渣资源化处理是铝工业亟待解决的问题。创新性地提出了低温硫酸焙烧-水浸法制备冰晶石的工艺。低温H2SO4焙烧能有效地将Na3AlF6、CaF2、NaF等氟化物以HF的形式挥发到烟气中回收，铝化合物（Al2O3、Na3AlF6）转化为NaAl(SO4)2（刚玉除外）。水浸可以有效地将焙烧熟料中的铝和钠化合物萃取到溶液中。在最佳焙烧浸出条件下，氟挥发率为99.21%，铝浸出率为73.95%，钠浸出率为95.01%。然后，将纯化的HF传递到溶液中合成冰晶石。冰晶石的回收率为98.69%，品位为99.34%。该技术为电解铝危险废弃物资源化处理开辟了一条新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

A workflow to create geometallurgical clusters without looking directly at geometallurgical variables 创建地质冶金集群的工作流程，无需直接查看地质冶金变量

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109171

F.G.F. Niquini , I.A. Andrade , J.F.C.L. Costa , V.M. Silva , R.S. Marcelino

Cluster analysis is frequently used to help in individualizing stationary domains. Its application in creating geometallurgical clusters can follow two approaches. The first utilizes geometallurgical test variables in cluster analysis to define domains based on the geometallurgical database. This approach, common in mining, often lacks sufficient data for accurate 3D modelling. The second approach uses the secondary information widely available in the deposit, such as the chemical, lithological and mineralogical variables, present in the core samples, and correlating them with the metallurgical variables presented in the smaller geometallurgical database. This indirect solution chooses the highly correlated variables with the geometallurgical response using only them as inputs in the cluster analysis. This approach permits defining the geometallurgical clusters using only drillhole samples, without directly looking at the geometallurgical information. Once the drillhole samples outnumber geometallurgical samples in the case study (4862 against 40), the spatial modeling of the geometallurgical clusters using secondary information is more accurate. The workflow proposed starts using recursive feature elimination to define the main explanatory variables affecting the target geometallurgical response. Next, clustering construction using k-means and other techniques is made, followed by building a decision tree to assign each drillhole sample to a geometallurgical cluster. Finally, it concludes with the 3D modeling to classify each block according to its geometallurgical domain. All analyses were made in the Viga mine, an iron ore deposit located at the iron quadrangle in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The workflow and results proved to be adequate and promising to be implemented at industrial scale.

聚类分析经常用于帮助个性化的平稳域。它在创建地质冶金集群中的应用可以遵循两种方法。第一种方法是利用聚类分析中的地质测试变量来定义基于地质数据库的域。这种方法在采矿中很常见，通常缺乏足够的数据来进行准确的3D建模。第二种方法利用矿床中广泛存在的次要信息，如岩心样品中存在的化学、岩性和矿物学变量，并将它们与较小的地质冶金数据库中提供的冶金变量相关联。这种间接的解决方案选择高度相关的变量与地质冶金的响应只使用他们作为输入在聚类分析。这种方法允许仅使用钻孔样本来定义地质冶金簇，而无需直接查看地质冶金信息。在案例研究中，一旦钻孔样本数量超过了地质样本数量（4862对40），利用二次信息对地质集群的空间建模就会更加准确。提出的工作流程首先使用递归特征消去来定义影响目标地质响应的主要解释变量。接下来，使用k-means等技术进行聚类构建，然后构建决策树将每个钻孔样本分配到一个地质冶金聚类中。最后进行三维建模，根据每块块的地矿学域对每块块进行分类。所有的分析都是在维加矿进行的，维加矿是位于巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州铁四边形的铁矿石矿床。工作流程和结果证明是充分的，并有望在工业规模上实施。

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引用次数: 0

SAG mill ball diameter semi-theory based on pebble fracture strength and DEM validation 基于卵石断裂强度和DEM验证的SAG磨球直径半理论

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109169

Yunxiao Li , Qingfei Xiao , Guobin Wang , Boyuan Sun , Chao Zheng , Saizhen Jin , Qingkai Wang

The semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill, widely used in large mineral processing plants, is known for its high throughput and production efficiency. However, an accumulation of pebbles can lead to a reduction in throughput and an increase in power consumption during the grinding process. This study investigates the strength of pebbles in conjunction with Davis’ theory of ball movement, considering parameters such as pebble size, mill diameter, rotational speed, filling rate, and grinding concentration. Based on these factors, a semi-theoretical formula is developed to determine the optimal diameter of SAG mill balls. The validity of this formula was verified using discrete element numerical simulations and the Tavares breakage model. The results show that for a SAG mill with dimensions of Φ6.7 × 3.4 m at a tin mine, the steel ball gradation calculated by the semi-theoretical formula is n (Φ140mm): n (Φ110mm) = 1:2. According to the Tavares breakage model simulation, the total crushed mass for the 140–110 scheme was 75.87 kg, which represents a 6.59 % increase compared to the 71.18 kg from the on-site 120–100 scheme. In addition, the cumulative impact power of the steel balls on the rock in the 140–110 scheme was 0.23 % higher than in the on-site 120–100 scheme, while the cumulative impact power of the rock on itself increased by 3.36 %. These findings suggest that the proposed formula has the potential to reduce pebble accumulation and improve grinding efficiency.

半自磨（SAG）磨机以其高产能和生产效率高而广泛应用于大型选矿厂。然而，鹅卵石的堆积会导致研磨过程中吞吐量的降低和功耗的增加。本研究结合Davis的球运动理论考察了卵石的强度，考虑了卵石粒度、磨机直径、转速、填充率和磨矿浓度等参数。在此基础上，推导出一种半理论公式来确定SAG磨球的最佳直径。通过离散元数值模拟和Tavares断裂模型验证了该公式的有效性。结果表明：对于某锡矿尺寸为Φ6.7 × 3.4 m的SAG磨机，用半理论公式计算的钢球级配为n （Φ140mm）： n （Φ110mm） = 1:2。根据Tavares破碎模型模拟，140-110方案的总破碎质量为75.87 kg，比现场120-100方案的71.18 kg增加了6.59%。与现场120 ~ 100方案相比，140 ~ 110方案中钢球对岩石的累计冲击能力提高了0.23%，而岩石对自身的累计冲击能力提高了3.36%。上述结果表明，该配方具有减少卵石堆积、提高磨矿效率的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Study of alkaline hydrometallurgical process for stibnite flotation tailings reprocessing: Semi-pilot antimony leaching

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109168

Seydou Dembele , Ata Akcil , Sandeep Panda

Nowadays, tailings management and scarcity of raw materials are both topics that are much discussed in the mining sector. Recycling is therefore a sustainable method of extracting metals from secondary resources for tailings management and the supply of critical metals such as antimony. Alkaline leaching was carried out using mixture of sodium sulfide (Na₂S) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Optimisation tests at laboratory scale allow the optimum parameters to be set at 25 % pulp density, 0.97 M Na₂S, 2.5 M NaOH, 70 °C, 300 rpm for 60 min. The antimony dissolution rates were 99.13 % and 97.00 % at bench and semi-pilot scale, respectively. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was used to precipitate antimony from the leach solution. About 99 % of Sb precipitation efficiency was achieved under 5/1 Pregnant Leach Solution (PLS)/Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) ratio, 30 °C, 300 rpm for 90 min.

引用次数: 0