Minerals Engineering最新文献_第3页

Adsorption mechanisms and weathered surface effects in the neutral flotation separation of feldspar from quartz using a mixed anionic/cationic system 阴离子/阳离子混合体系中长石与石英中性浮选分离的吸附机理及风化面效应

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2026.110081

Yuhao He , Yuhan Song , Xiaohui Li , Ge Zhu , Lu Xiang , Zijie Ren

The flotation separation of quartz and feldspar under neutral conditions present a significant challenge in mineral processing. This study systematically investigates a novel mixed anionic/cationic collector system for this separation, optimizing key parameters including collector types [sodium petroleum sulfonate (SPS) with varying active matter content; dodecylamine (DDA), octadecylamine (ODA), cocoalkylamine (CCA)], ratio (2:1 anionic-to-cationic), dosage (300 g/t), and the dosage of the depressant sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP). This optimal reagent scheme yields a high Al₂O₃ recovery of 81.10 % in the froth product of the mixed pure minerals, and the Al₂O₃ recovery in the actual minerals were 77.45 % and 70.68 % respectively. Key findings indicate that a high-active-matter SPS combined with DDA yielded optimal performance. Mechanistic studies via FTIR and zeta potential analysis revealed distinct adsorption mechanisms: a weak, physically adsorbed layer on quartz that was readily desorbed by Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), versus a stable, multi-mechanism complex (involving physical adsorption, hydrogen bonding, and chemisorption) on feldspar. Furthermore, SHMP hydrolysis species (H₂PO₄−/HPO₄²−) under neutral conditions compete with SPS on mineral surfaces, selectively depressing quartz at low dosages. Notably, the flotation behavior was profoundly influenced by the degree of feldspar weathering, as confirmed by SEM-EDS and XPS. Highly weathered feldspar exhibits a unique and inverse flotation behavior, characterized by the enrichment of Al₂O₃ in the sink product rather than the froth product. This work provides a practical and environmentally friendly strategy for quartz-feldspar separation and offers deep insights into the surface chemistry involved.

石英和长石在中性条件下的浮选分离是选矿中的一个重大挑战。本研究系统地研究了一种用于该分离的新型阴离子/阳离子混合捕收剂体系，优化了关键参数，包括捕收剂类型[石油磺酸钠（SPS）]和不同活性物质含量；十二烷基胺（DDA）、十八烷基胺（ODA）、可可烷基胺（CCA）]、阴阳比（2:1）、用量（300 g/t）和抑制剂六偏磷酸钠（SHMP）的用量。该最佳药剂方案可使混合纯矿物泡沫产物中Al2O3的回收率达到81.10%，实际矿物中Al2O3的回收率分别达到77.45%和70.68%。关键研究结果表明，高活性物质SPS与DDA结合可获得最佳性能。通过FTIR和zeta电位分析的机理研究揭示了不同的吸附机制：石英上的弱物理吸附层很容易被六偏磷酸钠（SHMP）解吸，而长石上的稳定多机制复合物（包括物理吸附、氢键和化学吸附）。此外，在中性条件下，SHMP水解物质（H2PO4−/HPO42−）与矿物表面的SPS竞争，在低剂量下选择性地抑制石英。SEM-EDS和XPS结果表明，长石风化程度对浮选行为影响较大。高风化长石表现出独特的反浮选行为，其特征是Al2O3在沉产物中富集，而不是在泡沫产物中富集。这项工作为石英-长石分离提供了一种实用且环保的策略，并对所涉及的表面化学提供了深刻的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Targeted enrichment of associated silver minerals in lead–zinc sulfide ores: Reagent design guided by coordination chemistry principles 铅锌硫化矿伴生银矿物的定向富集：配位化学原理指导下的试剂设计

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2026.110101

Hongliang Zhang , Heng Yu , Xin Rao , Wei Sun , Chenyang Zhang

Silver, commonly associated with lead–zinc sulfide ores, varies greatly in its counting coefficient in lead and zinc concentrates, typically being 0.85 and 0.20, respectively. Therefore, targeted enrichment of silver into lead concentrates can offer fatter economic benefits. To achieve this objective, the design of silver-friendly collectors is required. Herein, a targeted reagent design strategy for the lead-silver simultaneous enrichment was presented based on the coordination chemistry principles. The principal finding is that monothiophosphate and dithiophosphate—identified through systematic screening of thiosulfate, thiosulfonate, monothiophosphate, and dithiophosphate as candidate mineralophilic functional groups—exhibit superior performance for the selective recovery of galena and silver. The hydrophobic alkyl chain design reveals that the solvation free energy increases with chain elongation, and branched chains exhibit stronger hydrophobicity than straight ones. The rationally designed reagents, di-isobutyl monothiophosphate (DIBMTP) and di-isobutyl dithiophosphate (DIBDTP), possess large HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, effectively preventing them from self-reacting to form dimers, in marked contrast to xanthates that readily form dixanthogens under similar conditions. Notably, DIBMTP and DIBDTP exhibit distinct interfacial coordination mechanisms with galena and silver minerals. Specifically, the coordination bonding with galena involves conventional orbital bonding, while that with argentite and elemental silver features orbital backbonding interactions, albeit differing in electron contributions between the Ag⁺ of argentite and Ag⁰ of elemental silver.

银通常与铅锌硫化物矿伴生，其在铅锌精矿中的计数系数差别很大，通常分别为0.85和0.20。因此，将银定向富集到铅精矿中可以获得更大的经济效益。为了实现这一目标，需要设计银友好型收集器。本文提出了一种基于配位化学原理的铅银同步富集试剂设计策略。主要发现是单硫代磷酸盐和二硫代磷酸盐——通过系统筛选硫代硫酸盐、硫代磺酸盐、单硫代磷酸盐和二硫代磷酸盐作为候选亲矿官能团——在选择性回收方铅矿和银方面表现出优越的性能。疏水烷基链设计表明，随着链的伸长，烷基链的溶剂化自由能增大，支链的疏水性强于直链。合理设计的试剂二异丁基单硫代磷酸（DIBMTP）和二异丁基二硫代磷酸（DIBDTP）具有较大的HOMO-LUMO能隙，有效地阻止了它们自反应形成二聚体，与黄药在类似条件下容易形成二聚体形成鲜明对比。值得注意的是，DIBMTP和DIBDTP与方铅矿和银矿物表现出明显的界面配位机制。具体来说，方铅矿的配位键是常规的轨道键，而银辉钼矿和银元素的配位键是轨道反键相互作用，尽管银辉钼矿的Ag+和银元素的Ag0的电子贡献不同。

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引用次数: 0

Air-induced segregation of micron-scale particles in a vertical roller mill 垂直辊磨机中微米级颗粒的气致偏析

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2026.110114

Yuntao Zhu , Zhong Luo , Haobin Wang , Qirun Zhou , Zhen Zhang

Particle behavior directly influences the classification performance of vertical roller mills (VRMs), but limited understanding hinders structural optimization. This study employs the CFD–DEM method to investigate the flow characteristics and segregation behavior of particles with different densities under air induction, and innovatively proposes “VRM bend pipe model” hypothesis to explain particle retention and roping phenomena. Results show that dual-inlet confluence generates a dual-spiral flow field, creating strong and weak airflow zones and subsequent cyclic, periodically segregated particle flows. High-density particles exhibit time lag and larger turning radius. The segregation index along the stationary blades shows a “digit-3” axial distribution, with a DI = 0 fixed point that tends to rise. Local analysis reveals that deflector in the air ring promotes outer-side particle accumulation, forming stagnant “dead zone”, while high-density particles form an annular distribution at the millstone center, and a transport mechanism exists wherein particles migrate downward along the millstone wall against the airflow. In the stationary blade zone, low-density particles form continuous streams, whereas high-density ones exhibit intermittent flow with more severe local segregation. In the upper shell zone, particles undergo coupled segregation governed by both density differences and flow-field induction. This study deepens the understanding of gas–solid flow and particle separation mechanisms in VRMs, providing theoretical support for design optimization.

颗粒行为直接影响立式辊磨分级性能，但对其认识有限，不利于结构优化。本研究采用CFD-DEM方法研究了不同密度颗粒在空气诱导下的流动特性和偏析行为，并创新性地提出了“VRM弯管模型”假说来解释颗粒滞留和绳索现象。结果表明，双入口合流形成了双螺旋流场，形成了强气流区和弱气流区，并形成了循环、周期性分离的颗粒流。高密度粒子表现出时间滞后和较大的转弯半径。静叶偏析指数沿轴向呈“数字3”型分布，有一个DI = 0的固定点有上升的趋势。局部分析表明，空气环内的偏转板促进了外侧颗粒的聚集，形成停滞的“死区”，高密度颗粒在磨石中心形成环形分布，存在颗粒逆气流沿磨石壁向下迁移的输送机制。在静叶区，低密度颗粒形成连续流动，而高密度颗粒则表现为间歇流动，局部偏析更为严重。在上壳区，颗粒在密度差和流场感应的双重作用下发生耦合偏析。本研究加深了对VRMs内气固流动和颗粒分离机理的认识，为设计优化提供了理论支持。

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引用次数: 0

A synergistic H2-Based process for co-recovery of iron and rare earth elements from complex Tailings: Toward a Zero-Waste strategy 从复杂尾矿中协同回收铁和稀土元素的h2基协同工艺：迈向零废物战略

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2026.110127

Yuanxing Yue , Yongsheng Sun , Peng Gao , Yuexin Han , Zhidong Tang

The comprehensive utilization of Bayan Obo tailings is hindered by the coexistence of iron and rare earth element (REE) minerals, which require distinct beneficiation conditions. To enhance process compatibility and overall resource recovery, a synergistic separation strategy based on early-stage physical decoupling of iron- and REE-bearing streams is proposed. Magnetic pre-enrichment was first applied to partition the tailings into an iron-rich concentrate and a REE-enriched tailings stream. The iron-rich fraction underwent hydrogen-based mineral phase transformation (HMPT), followed by grinding and magnetic separation, producing a high-grade iron concentrate with 66.16% TFe at a recovery of 76.44%. Concurrently, the REE-enriched tailings were directly processed by flotation without thermal treatment, yielding a rare earth concentrate with 50.38% REO at a recovery of 58.62%. This decoupled flowsheet allows iron and REEs to be processed under conditions tailored to their respective separation requirements, thereby reducing cross-process interactions. Mechanism studies using XRD confirmed hematite-to-magnetite transformation; XPS revealed Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ reduction and strong chemical interaction between BHA and Ce ions; SEM-EDS illustrated microcrack-enhanced gas–solid reactions. Overall, the proposed H₂-based integrated route provides a practical, low-carbon strategy for coordinated iron and REE recovery from complex tailings, improving both process efficiency and resource utilization.

巴彦鄂博尾矿中铁和稀土元素矿物共存，对选矿条件要求不同，阻碍了尾矿的综合利用。为了提高工艺兼容性和整体资源回收率，提出了一种基于含铁和含稀土流体早期物理解耦的协同分离策略。首先采用磁预富集技术将尾矿分选为富铁精矿和富稀土尾矿。富铁部分经氢基矿物相变（HMPT）、磨矿、磁选，获得了TFe品位为66.16%、回收率为76.44%的高品位铁精矿。同时，对富集稀土的尾矿进行不经热处理直接浮选处理，得到REO为50.38%、回收率为58.62%的稀土精矿。这种解耦的流程允许铁和稀土在适合其各自分离要求的条件下进行处理，从而减少了跨过程的相互作用。利用XRD对赤铁矿向磁铁矿转变机理进行研究；XPS显示BHA与Ce离子之间存在Fe3+/Fe2+还原和强化学相互作用；SEM-EDS显示了微裂纹增强的气固反应。总体而言，本文提出的基于h2的综合路线为复杂尾矿中铁和稀土的协同回收提供了一种实用的低碳策略，提高了工艺效率和资源利用率。

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引用次数: 0

Bioleaching of Co-bearing sulfide tailings by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: Influencing factors, mechanism and kinetics 酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌对含钴硫化物尾矿的生物浸出：影响因素、机理及动力学

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2026.110074

Qiya Bian , Sha Deng , Wei Yang , Tao Long , Sirui Chen , Chuntao Yan , Yuran Wang , Qubing Li

The critical role of cobalt in renewable energy and advanced industries makes developing efficient recovery technologies from secondary resources an imperative. This study systematically investigates the bioleaching of Co-bearing sulfide tailings by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans under variable parameters, including pulp density, temperature, initial pH, and bacterial inoculum concentration. Under the condition of 8 % pulp density, 35 °C, an initial pH of 2.0, and an inoculum concentration of 2.5 × 10⁷ cells/mL, 44.53 % of cobalt extraction was obtained. Mineral morphology and phase evolution analyses, consistent with the kinetic fitting results based on the shrinking-core model, revealed that during the bacterial lag phase (0–5 days), pyrrhotite dissolved preferentially, and cobalt leaching was controlled by surface chemical reactions. Extensive pyrite dissolution occurred in the log-stationary phase (5–27 days), but jarosite precipitates formed a passivation layer that hindered cobalt release. Consequently, cobalt leaching shifted to diffusion control through the product layer. Meanwhile, H⁺ released during bacterial oxidation and jarosite formation drove extensive vermiculite dissolution. Elevated temperatures accelerated the oxidation of elemental sulfur and increased the solution acidity. This enhanced the breakdown of lepidocrocite and suppressed jarosite generation, thereby favoring cobalt leaching mechanisms, although the leaching efficiency decreased at 45 °C. These findings advance theoretical frameworks and provide fundamental principles for processing Co-bearing sulfide tailings/concentrates.

钴在可再生能源和先进工业中的关键作用使得开发有效的二次资源回收技术势在必行。本研究系统研究了酸化氧化亚铁硫杆菌在矿浆密度、温度、初始pH和细菌接种量等参数下对含钴硫化尾矿的生物浸出。在矿浆密度为8%、温度为35℃、初始pH为2.0、接种量为2.5 × 107 cells/mL的条件下，钴的提取率为44.53%。矿物形态和物相演化分析与基于收缩核模型的动力学拟合结果一致，表明在细菌滞后期（0 ~ 5 d），磁黄铁矿优先溶解，钴浸出受表面化学反应控制。在log-stationary phase（5-27天）发生了广泛的黄铁矿溶解，但黄钾铁矾沉淀形成了钝化层，阻碍了钴的释放。因此，钴浸出转变为通过产物层的扩散控制。同时，细菌氧化和黄钾铁矾形成过程中释放的H+推动了蛭石的广泛溶解。升高的温度加速了单质硫的氧化，增加了溶液的酸度。这促进了绢云母的分解，抑制了黄钾铁矾的生成，从而有利于钴的浸出机制，尽管浸出效率在45°C时下降。这些发现提出了理论框架，并为处理含钴硫化尾矿/精矿提供了基本原理。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization and mechanism study of phosphorus and rare earth elements separation from phosphate ore by two-step leaching process 两步浸出法分离磷矿中磷和稀土元素的优化及机理研究

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2026.110116

Yue Ma, Junhu Wu, Yanru Jin, Yue Lan, Lin Yang

Phosphorus ore containing rare earth elements is a valuable strategic resource, but its industrialization remains challenging due to cost constraints. This study utilized phosphate ore containing 911.2 ppm rare earth elements and 30.3 % P₂O₅ as raw material. By employing response surface methodology to optimize the two-step leaching process using phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, demonstrating high efficiency in extracting rare earth elements and phosphorus while leveraging existing phosphate chemical industries to reduce costs. With a liquid-to-solid ratio of 7, a leaching temperature of 45 °C, a sulfuric acid addition time of 2 h, and a sulfuric acid excess coefficient of 0.8, the leaching efficiency for rare earth and phosphorus elements was 93.33 % and 91.89 %, respectively. Through thermodynamic analysis and in situ characterization, we thoroughly investigated the leaching process to elucidate the leaching mechanism. This study proposes a novel technology for the simultaneous recovery of rare earths and phosphorus, which holds significant strategic importance for the sustainable development of the rare earth and phosphorus chemical industries.

含稀土元素的磷矿是一种宝贵的战略资源，但由于成本的限制，其产业化仍具有挑战性。本研究以稀土含量为911.2 ppm、P2O5含量为30.3%的磷矿石为原料。采用响应面法对磷酸、硫酸两步浸出工艺进行优化，在充分利用现有磷化工业降低成本的同时，高效提取稀土元素和磷。在液固比为7、浸出温度为45℃、硫酸添加时间为2 h、硫酸过量系数为0.8的条件下，稀土和磷元素的浸出效率分别为93.33%和91.89%。通过热力学分析和现场表征，对浸出过程进行了深入研究，阐明了浸出机理。本研究提出了一种同时回收稀土和磷的新技术，对稀土和磷化工的可持续发展具有重要的战略意义。

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引用次数: 0

Co-direct reduction and electric smelting of preoxidized low-grade nickel laterite ore pellets for ferronickel production 预氧化低品位红土镍矿球团共直接还原电熔炼生产镍铁

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2026.110072

Yunqing Liu, Xun Wang, Bo Li, Yonggang Wei, Hua Wang

Nickel laterite ores is an important source of nickel resources, but the traditional process to deal with low-grade Si-Mg-type laterite nickel ore has the problems of low efficiency and large pollution. In this study, a novel process for preparing nickel–iron alloy by pre-reduction with CO after pelletizing and roasting of raw ore, and finally melting and separating in an electric furnace was proposed. Thermodynamic analysis clarified the main reactions at different temperature stages and provided a theoretical basis for the selection of experimental parameters. During the roasting process, nickel–iron oxides were released from the serpentine matrix and regionally enriched, and the molten liquid phase condensation strengthened the pellet structure, which laid a foundation for the subsequent reduction. After pre-reduction, the metallization rate of nickel was 95.37%, while that of iron was 56.82%. Nickel exists in micron-sized alloy particles, and unreduced iron exists in FeO and FeAl₂O₄. Under the optimum melting conditions, the iron grade of the alloy is 88.36%, the nickel grade is 8.73%, the nickel recovery rate is 99.64%, and the iron recovery rate is 94.63%. The loss of iron mainly comes from the slag skin of the melting material and the graphite crucible. The process significantly reduces the amount of traditional carbon-based reducing agents and additives, which not only avoids the adverse effects of excessive additives on the service life of the equipment, but also makes the production of ferronickel resources more efficient. When the process is coupled with a sustainable CO source, it can make the production of pyrometallurgical ferronickel cleaner.

红土镍矿是镍资源的重要来源，但传统的低品位硅镁型红土镍矿处理工艺存在效率低、污染大的问题。本研究提出了一种原矿经球团、焙烧、电炉熔炼分离后用CO预还原法制备镍铁合金的新工艺。热力学分析明确了不同温度阶段的主要反应，为实验参数的选择提供了理论依据。在焙烧过程中，镍铁氧化物从蛇纹石基体中释放出来并局部富集，熔融液相冷凝强化了球团结构，为后续的还原奠定了基础。预还原后镍的金属化率为95.37%，铁的金属化率为56.82%。镍存在于微米级合金颗粒中，未还原铁存在于FeO和FeAl2O4中。在最佳熔炼条件下，合金铁品位为88.36%，镍品位为8.73%，镍回收率为99.64%，铁回收率为94.63%。铁的损失主要来自熔料的渣皮和石墨坩埚。该工艺显著减少了传统碳基还原剂和添加剂的用量，不仅避免了过量添加剂对设备使用寿命的不利影响，而且使镍铁资源的生产更加高效。当该工艺与可持续CO源相结合时，可使火法镍铁生产更清洁。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of low-frequency ultrasound on enhancing the recovery of secondary copper resources via column flotation and corresponding numerical simulation 低频超声对提高柱浮选二次铜资源回收率的影响及数值模拟

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2026.110084

Liu Xingyu , Wang Yunfan , Jiang Bozhao , Huang Renjie , Song Zhenguo , Luo Ximei

To address the challenges of low bubble-particle collision efficiency, particle agglomeration, turbulent flow fields, and issues related to mineral surface oxidation layers and slime coatings inherent in traditional flotation columns, this study established a COMSOL Multiphysics-based numerical model incorporating coupled pressure acoustics, acoustic streaming, and fluid dynamics multiphysics. Copper-sulfur separation experiments were concurrently conducted using a laboratory-scale unilateral ultrasonic flotation column. Numerical simulations and experimental results revealed that an ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz significantly enhanced both cavitation effects and localized acoustic streaming compared to 40 kHz. This improvement increased concentrate recovery from 51.51% to 65.14% while maintaining concentrate grade, consequently raising Beneficiation efficiency from 4.42% to 5.51%. Strategic placement of the ultrasonic vibrator plate near the feed inlet demonstrated superior efficacy, effectively stabilizing the flow field and optimizing the processing of incoming mineral particles relative to alternative positions. Furthermore, ultrasonic treatment promoted flow field homogenization. Collectively, these findings serve as a critical theoretical foundation and provide robust experimental support for optimizing frequency selection and vibrator plate positioning in ultrasonically enhanced flotation column technology.

为了解决传统浮选柱中存在的气泡-颗粒碰撞效率低、颗粒团聚、湍流流场以及矿物表面氧化层和煤泥涂层等问题，本研究建立了一个基于COMSOL multiphysics的数值模型，该模型结合了耦合压力声学、声流和流体动力学多物理场。采用实验室规模的单侧超声浮选柱进行了铜硫分离试验。数值模拟和实验结果表明，与40 kHz相比，20 kHz的超声频率显著增强了空化效应和局部声流。在保持精矿品位的前提下，将精矿回收率由51.51%提高到65.14%，使选矿效率由4.42%提高到5.51%。将超声振动板放置在进料口附近，效果更佳，相对于其他位置，有效地稳定了流场，优化了来料矿物颗粒的处理。此外，超声处理促进了流场的均匀化。这些研究结果为超声强化浮选柱工艺的频率选择和振板定位优化提供了重要的理论基础和有力的实验支持。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of dephosphorization processes for high-phosphorus oolitic hematite based on MLA mineralogical characteristic analysis 基于MLA矿物学特征分析的高磷鲕状赤铁矿脱磷工艺比较

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2026.110105

Yusen Yu , Wenbo Li , Yongsheng Sun , Yuexin Han , Yanjun Li

In the context of the escalating exhaustion of high-grade iron ore, the efficient development and utilization of refractory iron ore such as high-phosphorus oolitic hematite (HPOH) have significant strategic significance. After optimizing the technical parameters of flotation and leaching processes, this study conducted a comparative study of dephosphorization processes and analyzed the mineralogical characteristics of the samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mineral liberation analyzer (MLA). The research results indicate that flotation process can effectively remove P-bearing minerals in the form of apatite but not phosphorus present in P-bearing iron minerals, under the high-temperature pretreatment temperature of 750 °C and selected conditions, flotation process can produce a concentrate with 62.26 % TFe grade, 0.33 % P content, and 54.02 % TFe recovery rate; In contrast, leaching process can effectively remove phosphorus present in P-bearing minerals, reduce the phosphorus content in concentrate, under the same pretreatment temperature and selected conditions, leaching concentrate with 63.10 % Fe grade, 0.27 % P content, and 67.81 % TFe recovery rate can be obtained through the leaching process, outperforming flotation. When the pretreatment temperature was raised to 1050 °C, under the optimal process conditions, leaching process achieved an iron concentrate with 62.16 % TFe grade, 0.13 % P content, and 88.04 % TFe recovery rate. The P content meets the industrial practical standards for iron concentrates used in the China’s steel metallurgy industry (P content shall not exceed 0.2 %). This study provides a reference for the efficient development and utilization of HPOH.

在高品位铁矿日趋枯竭的背景下，高效开发利用高磷鲕状赤铁矿等难选铁矿具有重要的战略意义。在优化浮选和浸出工艺参数后，对脱磷工艺进行对比研究，并利用x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和矿物解离分析仪（MLA）对样品进行矿物学特征分析。研究结果表明：浮选工艺可有效去除含磷铁矿物中以磷灰石形式存在的含磷矿物，而不去除含磷铁矿物中存在的磷，在750℃的高温预处理温度和选定的条件下，浮选工艺可获得TFe品位62.26%、P含量0.33%、TFe回收率54.02%的精矿；相比之下，浸出工艺可有效去除含磷矿物中的磷，降低精矿中磷含量，在相同预处理温度和选定条件下，浸出工艺可获得铁品位63.10%、P含量0.27%、TFe回收率67.81%的浸出精矿，优于浮选。当预处理温度提高到1050℃时，在最佳工艺条件下，浸出铁精矿的TFe品位为62.16%，P含量为0.13%，TFe回收率为88.04%。P含量符合中国炼钢工业用铁精矿的工业实用标准（P含量不得超过0.2%）。本研究为HPOH的高效开发利用提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Few-Shot ball mill load recognition based on multimodal feature mode decomposition and improved MAML 基于多模态特征模态分解和改进MAML的小粒球磨机负荷识别

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110048

Lirong Yang , Hui Yang , Xiaolong Zhu

Ball mill load identification under complex working conditions faces challenges such as limited sample sizes, severe mode aliasing in signal decomposition, weak feature extraction, and poor generalisation. To address these issues, this study proposes a few-shot ball mill load recognition method based on multimodal Symmetric Dot Pattern (SDP) images and improved Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML). First, the Feature Mode Decomposition (FMD) algorithm is employed to analyse vibration signals, and a Newton-Raphson Bat Optimisation (NRBO) strategy is introduced to adaptively optimise its stopping criterion, improving both accuracy and physical interpretability. Then, multiple intrinsic modal functions (IMFs) are transformed into two-dimensional images using the SDP method and fused to form multimodal load representations. A lightweight convolutional neural network with embedded SimAM attention (SimAM-CNN) is constructed for discriminative feature extraction and integrated into the MAML framework to achieve rapid adaptation under few-shot conditions. Under 6-way 7-shot training and 6-way 5-shot validation settings for nine ball mill load categories, the proposed SimAM-CNN-MAML model achieves 97.55 % accuracy, a 93.43 % F1-score, and 99.60 % AUC using multimodal SDP features. It outperforms all compared methods: CNN (77.48 %), CNN + Transformers (69.37 %), MAML-CNN (86.4 %), Prototypical Networks (90.74 %), and Reptile Networks (67.48 %). Robustness analysis shows strong noise immunity: performance remains highly stable under noise levels up to 0.10, with only slight degradation at 0.20 noise, confirming suitability for practical industrial vibration environments. These results confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed SimAM-CNN-MAML approach, providing a practical and scalable solution for intelligent condition monitoring in mining equipment.

复杂工况下的球磨机负荷识别面临着样本量有限、信号分解中存在严重的模态混叠、特征提取能力弱、泛化能力差等挑战。为了解决这些问题，本研究提出了一种基于多模态对称点模式（SDP）图像和改进的模型不可知元学习（MAML）的少量球磨机负荷识别方法。首先，采用特征模态分解（FMD）算法对振动信号进行分析，并引入牛顿-拉弗森蝙蝠优化（NRBO）策略自适应优化其停止准则，提高了精度和物理可解释性。然后，使用SDP方法将多个内模态函数（IMFs）转换成二维图像并融合形成多模态载荷表示；构建了一种具有嵌入式SimAM关注的轻量级卷积神经网络（SimAM- cnn），用于判别特征提取，并将其集成到MAML框架中，实现了少镜头条件下的快速自适应。在6路7弹训练和6路5弹验证设置下，使用多模态SDP特征，所提出的SimAM-CNN-MAML模型的准确率为97.55%，f1得分为93.43%，AUC为99.60%。它优于所有比较方法：CNN (77.48%), CNN + Transformers (69.37%), mml -CNN (86.4%), Prototypical Networks（90.74%）和Reptile Networks（67.48%）。鲁棒性分析显示强抗噪性：在噪声水平高达0.10时，性能保持高度稳定，在噪声水平为0.20时仅略有下降，证实适用于实际工业振动环境。这些结果证实了所提出的SimAM-CNN-MAML方法的有效性和鲁棒性，为矿山设备的智能状态监测提供了一种实用且可扩展的解决方案。

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