Minerals Engineering最新文献_第2页

Thickening mechanism under high compression stress based on double yield stress: Comparison between compression and compression-shear coupling

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109205

Zhenqi Wang , Aixiang Wu , Zhuen Ruan , Raimund Bürger , Yi Mo

Tailings thickening is the primary link and key technology of cemented paste backfill (CPB) systems. However, the thickened tailings solids concentration is often substandard because the thickening mechanism under high compression stress (up to 30 kPa) is poorly understood, and is therefore investigated based on the rheological properties of tailings. A self-developed high-compression stress experimental device was used to test the double yield stress (compressive and shear yield stresses) and concentration evolution under compression and compression-shear coupling, respectively. Furthermore, the evolution of floc structure and drainage channels was observed in both scenarios. The results indicate that concentration can be approximated by a power function of the double yield stress, and shear yield stress can be approximated by a linear function of the compressive yield stress. It is found that the linear fitting proportionality coefficients under compression are smaller than those under compression-shear coupling and that the proportionality coefficients in the low-compression stress range are smaller than in the high-compression stress range under compression, but the opposite result is obtained under compression-shear coupling. It turns out that the introduction of rake-shearing action (RSA) by compression-shear coupling mainly improves the thickening rate and the thickening effect in the low-compression stress range. Moreover, by introducing the RSA, the concentration growth ratio also confirms that the compression-shear coupling improves the thickening effect in the low-compression stress range, mainly because the shear action improves the floc arrangement, the drainage channels are more developed, and the drainage rate increases. This study reveals the thickening mechanism under high compression stress from the relationship between double yield stress. Also, it obtains the mechanism by which the RSA increases the dewatering rate in low compression stress.

{"title":"Thickening mechanism under high compression stress based on double yield stress: Comparison between compression and compression-shear coupling","authors":"Zhenqi Wang , Aixiang Wu , Zhuen Ruan , Raimund Bürger , Yi Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tailings thickening is the primary link and key technology of cemented paste backfill (CPB) systems. However, the thickened tailings solids concentration is often substandard because the thickening mechanism under high compression stress (up to 30 kPa) is poorly understood, and is therefore investigated based on the rheological properties of tailings. A self-developed high-compression stress experimental device was used to test the double yield stress (compressive and shear yield stresses) and concentration evolution under compression and compression-shear coupling, respectively. Furthermore, the evolution of floc structure and drainage channels was observed in both scenarios. The results indicate that concentration can be approximated by a power function of the double yield stress, and shear yield stress can be approximated by a linear function of the compressive yield stress. It is found that the linear fitting proportionality coefficients under compression are smaller than those under compression-shear coupling and that the proportionality coefficients in the low-compression stress range are smaller than in the high-compression stress range under compression, but the opposite result is obtained under compression-shear coupling. It turns out that the introduction of rake-shearing action (RSA) by compression-shear coupling mainly improves the thickening rate and the thickening effect in the low-compression stress range. Moreover, by introducing the RSA, the concentration growth ratio also confirms that the compression-shear coupling improves the thickening effect in the low-compression stress range, mainly because the shear action improves the floc arrangement, the drainage channels are more developed, and the drainage rate increases. This study reveals the thickening mechanism under high compression stress from the relationship between double yield stress. Also, it obtains the mechanism by which the RSA increases the dewatering rate in low compression stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selective extraction of lithium from coal gangue utilizing a two-stage roasting process

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109197

Yu Xie , Zhengwei Han , Afsar Khan , Yuting Liang , Hui Zhong , Zhiguo He

With the discovery of super-enriched lithium (Li) in coal, coal-based Li resource is a promising way to meet Li demand. However, traditional Li extraction methods are mainly through acid leaching, bringing many impurities into leaching solution and complicating the subsequent purification process. Herein, a selective Li extraction method employing a sulfuric acid baking-decomposition process from coal gangue was proposed in this study, applying phase change strategy to prevent aluminum and iron impurities from entering the leachate. The feasibility of this process was confirmed through thermodynamic calculations, and then it was verified through experiments. Under the optimal conditions, the highest Li leaching rate reached 85.04 %, while Fe and Al were less than 0.5 %. XRD and SEM-EDS were employed to explore phase change process and mechanism, and the results indicated that minerals were converted to sulfate during the baking process and then decomposed into insoluble oxide during the second process, while Li₂SO₄ stayed stable and was separated through water leaching. This study provides a highly selective Li extraction process from coal gangue.

{"title":"Selective extraction of lithium from coal gangue utilizing a two-stage roasting process","authors":"Yu Xie , Zhengwei Han , Afsar Khan , Yuting Liang , Hui Zhong , Zhiguo He","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the discovery of super-enriched lithium (Li) in coal, coal-based Li resource is a promising way to meet Li demand. However, traditional Li extraction methods are mainly through acid leaching, bringing many impurities into leaching solution and complicating the subsequent purification process. Herein, a selective Li extraction method employing a sulfuric acid baking-decomposition process from coal gangue was proposed in this study, applying phase change strategy to prevent aluminum and iron impurities from entering the leachate. The feasibility of this process was confirmed through thermodynamic calculations, and then it was verified through experiments. Under the optimal conditions, the highest Li leaching rate reached 85.04 %, while Fe and Al were less than 0.5 %. XRD and SEM-EDS were employed to explore phase change process and mechanism, and the results indicated that minerals were converted to sulfate during the baking process and then decomposed into insoluble oxide during the second process, while Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> stayed stable and was separated through water leaching. This study provides a highly selective Li extraction process from coal gangue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of iron substitution on the coordination properties of sphalerite

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109192

Qiu Hongxin , Sun Xiaohao , Wu Bozeng , Shu Xinqian , Hu Mingzhen

In nature, when the Fe content is greater than 6 %, it is the most stable impurity in the sphalerite lattice. Fe dissolves in the mineral lattice in an isomorphous form, that is, it replaces Zn to form Fe-containing sphalerite, whose chemical formula is [ZnxFe(1-x)] S, which belongs to the isometric crystal system, has ionic-covalent chemical bonds, has the most negative formation energy, and is more stable than element-doped ZnS ore. The properties of sphalerite with different Fe contents vary greatly. In essence, the coordination between sphalerite and Fe is a galvanic effect. The surface crystal structure of sphalerite with different Fe contents changes, resulting in Fe-ZnS electron rearrangement. The defect at the S-site alters the ligand arrangement, leading to the formation of Fe-S bonds as it interacts with Fe. This results in modifications to the surface coordination behavior and the lattice spacing of sphalerite. Under the action of the tetrahedral field, the e orbital is a π orbital, and t₂ is both a σ orbital and a π orbital. Since Fe²⁺ has a pair of π electrons, the reactivity of Fe-containing sphalerite is increased. This discovery provides a theoretical basis for natural iron sphalerite as a mineral material.

{"title":"Effect of iron substitution on the coordination properties of sphalerite","authors":"Qiu Hongxin , Sun Xiaohao , Wu Bozeng , Shu Xinqian , Hu Mingzhen","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In nature, when the Fe content is greater than 6 %, it is the most stable impurity in the sphalerite lattice. Fe dissolves in the mineral lattice in an isomorphous form, that is, it replaces Zn to form Fe-containing sphalerite, whose chemical formula is [ZnxFe(1-x)] S, which belongs to the isometric crystal system, has ionic-covalent chemical bonds, has the most negative formation energy, and is more stable than element-doped ZnS ore. The properties of sphalerite with different Fe contents vary greatly. In essence, the coordination between sphalerite and Fe is a galvanic effect. The surface crystal structure of sphalerite with different Fe contents changes, resulting in Fe-ZnS electron rearrangement. The defect at the S-site alters the ligand arrangement, leading to the formation of Fe-S bonds as it interacts with Fe. This results in modifications to the surface coordination behavior and the lattice spacing of sphalerite. Under the action of the tetrahedral field, the e orbital is a π orbital, and t<sub>2</sub> is both a σ orbital and a π orbital. Since Fe<sup>2+</sup> has a pair of π electrons, the reactivity of Fe-containing sphalerite is increased. This discovery provides a theoretical basis for natural iron sphalerite as a mineral material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

pH effect on adsorption and performance of xanthate, dithiocarbamate and s-triazine collectors on sperrylite mineral surface

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109191

Bradley Nemutudi , Sophia Pikinini , Belinda McFadzean , Xingrong Zhang , Yangge Zhu , Long Han , Phuti E. Ngoepe , Peace P. Mkhonto

The pH effect in minerals flotation is of key significance in maximizing the recovery of platinum group minerals (PGMs). The computational simulations, microcalorimetry and microflotation experimental approaches were utilised to determine the performance of sodium normal butyl xanthate (SNBX), sodium normal butyl dithiocarbamate (SNBDTC) and sodium 2,6-dithio-4-butylamino-1,3,5-triazine (SDTBAT), xanthate (NBX), dithiocarbamate (NBDTC) and s-triazine (DTBAT) collectors onto sperrylite mineral surface under neutral, alkaline and acidic conditions. Computationally, it was observed that on dry surface under neutral and alkaline conditions the collectors preferred bidentate (SNBX and SNBDTC) and tridentate (SDTBAT) adsorption modes. Under acidic conditions all three collectors preferred the monodentate adsorption mode. The adsorption energies for dry and hydrated surfaces showed that SDTBAT bind stronger under neutral adsorption, which was in agreement with the microcalorimetry heats of adsorptions. In alkaline conditions for dry and hydrated surface, the SNBX gave the most exothermic adsorption energy. Under acidic conditions on both dry and hydrated surface, the HNBDTC gave strong adsorption energy. The alkaline and acidic conditions were in agreement with the microflotation recoveries at pH = 9 and pH = 4, respectively. The study clearly demonstrated that sperrylite floats better under acidic conditions using dithiocarbamate collector with higher recoveries of 48.16 %.

{"title":"pH effect on adsorption and performance of xanthate, dithiocarbamate and s-triazine collectors on sperrylite mineral surface","authors":"Bradley Nemutudi , Sophia Pikinini , Belinda McFadzean , Xingrong Zhang , Yangge Zhu , Long Han , Phuti E. Ngoepe , Peace P. Mkhonto","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pH effect in minerals flotation is of key significance in maximizing the recovery of platinum group minerals (PGMs). The computational simulations, microcalorimetry and microflotation experimental approaches were utilised to determine the performance of sodium normal butyl xanthate (SNBX), sodium normal butyl dithiocarbamate (SNBDTC) and sodium 2,6-dithio-4-butylamino-1,3,5-triazine (SDTBAT), xanthate (NBX), dithiocarbamate (NBDTC) and s-triazine (DTBAT) collectors onto sperrylite mineral surface under neutral, alkaline and acidic conditions. Computationally, it was observed that on dry surface under neutral and alkaline conditions the collectors preferred bidentate (SNBX and SNBDTC) and tridentate (SDTBAT) adsorption modes. Under acidic conditions all three collectors preferred the monodentate adsorption mode. The adsorption energies for dry and hydrated surfaces showed that SDTBAT bind stronger under neutral adsorption, which was in agreement with the microcalorimetry heats of adsorptions. In alkaline conditions for dry and hydrated surface, the SNBX gave the most exothermic adsorption energy. Under acidic conditions on both dry and hydrated surface, the HNBDTC gave strong adsorption energy. The alkaline and acidic conditions were in agreement with the microflotation recoveries at pH = 9 and pH = 4, respectively. The study clearly demonstrated that sperrylite floats better under acidic conditions using dithiocarbamate collector with higher recoveries of 48.16 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the intergranular fracture of the minerals in iron ores from similar iron deposits

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109209

Keqiang Chen , Wanzhong Yin

Determining the percentage of minerals with an intergranular fracture during grinding is valuable for liberation studies. However, a challenge is created by the variability of the ore texture in similar deposits. In this study, the percentage of intergranular fracture in iron oxide minerals, quartz, and ferrohornblende for the three types of iron ores was calculated by phase-specific surface area (PSSA), phase-specific free surface (PSFS), and phase-specific interfacial area (PSIA) information measured by Mineral Liberation Analyzer (MLA). The calculated results were correlated with the normalized grain size for comparison. MLA test results showed that the finer grain size of iron oxide minerals, quartz, and ferrohornblende resulted in larger PSSA. The PSSA and PSFS of iron oxide minerals, quartz, and ferrohornblende in all three products increased as product particle size decreased, while the PSIA decreased. The fine-grained iron oxide minerals were more likely to remain relatively intact after this grinding, with a larger percentage of intergranular fracture occurring. Transgranular fracture mainly occurred when coarse-grained iron oxide minerals, quartz, and ferrohornblende were fractured. The fundamental investigation of this study is valuable for further optimization of the grinding process.

{"title":"Study on the intergranular fracture of the minerals in iron ores from similar iron deposits","authors":"Keqiang Chen , Wanzhong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining the percentage of minerals with an intergranular fracture during grinding is valuable for liberation studies. However, a challenge is created by the variability of the ore texture in similar deposits. In this study, the percentage of intergranular fracture in iron oxide minerals, quartz, and ferrohornblende for the three types of iron ores was calculated by phase-specific surface area (PSSA), phase-specific free surface (PSFS), and phase-specific interfacial area (PSIA) information measured by Mineral Liberation Analyzer (MLA). The calculated results were correlated with the normalized grain size for comparison. MLA test results showed that the finer grain size of iron oxide minerals, quartz, and ferrohornblende resulted in larger PSSA. The PSSA and PSFS of iron oxide minerals, quartz, and ferrohornblende in all three products increased as product particle size decreased, while the PSIA decreased. The fine-grained iron oxide minerals were more likely to remain relatively intact after this grinding, with a larger percentage of intergranular fracture occurring. Transgranular fracture mainly occurred when coarse-grained iron oxide minerals, quartz, and ferrohornblende were fractured. The fundamental investigation of this study is valuable for further optimization of the grinding process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on a newly proposed ZnO-LiFePO4 piezoelectric composite-based lithium-ion sieve for extracting lithium from saline lake brine under natural conditions

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109179

Qian Liu , Meitang Liu , Haisheng Hu , Xiaoyu Song , Lu Xiong , Xinyu Li

Lithium is a crucial strategic resource that plays a pivotal and instrumental role in facilitating the advancement of new energy technologies. The rapid growth of the renewable energy industry has resulted in a critical shortage of lithium salt supplies. The extraction of lithium from saline lake brine is characterized by its low energy consumption and cost-effectiveness, making it a prominent area of research in the field. However, the development and widespread application of lithium extraction technology under natural settings have tremendous relevance for lithium extraction in this region because of the severe natural environment and limited industrial base in the majority of saline lake areas. In this paper, zinc oxide with piezoelectric properties was prepared using hydrothermal method, and it was combined with lithium iron phosphate through sintering method to create a piezoelectric adsorbent capable of responding to mechanical energy. The adsorbent can capture wave energy in the saline lake and generate polarized electrons to accelerate theredox process, resulting in selective lithium ion adsorption. After 48 h of reaction with a 20 % zinc oxide loading and a sintering temperature of 200℃, the capacity of the piezoelectric adsorbents for lithium increased to 35.27 mg/g, as shown by experimental results. This study proposes a novel method for extracting lithium directly from saline lake brines under natural conditions, as well as a new application of piezoelectric materials.

{"title":"Study on a newly proposed ZnO-LiFePO4 piezoelectric composite-based lithium-ion sieve for extracting lithium from saline lake brine under natural conditions","authors":"Qian Liu , Meitang Liu , Haisheng Hu , Xiaoyu Song , Lu Xiong , Xinyu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium is a crucial strategic resource that plays a pivotal and instrumental role in facilitating the advancement of new energy technologies. The rapid growth of the renewable energy industry has resulted in a critical shortage of lithium salt supplies. The extraction of lithium from saline lake brine is characterized by its low energy consumption and cost-effectiveness, making it a prominent area of research in the field. However, the development and widespread application of lithium extraction technology under natural settings have tremendous relevance for lithium extraction in this region because of the severe natural environment and limited industrial base in the majority of saline lake areas. In this paper, zinc oxide with piezoelectric properties was prepared using hydrothermal method, and it was combined with lithium iron phosphate through sintering method to create a piezoelectric adsorbent capable of responding to mechanical energy. The adsorbent can capture wave energy in the saline lake and generate polarized electrons to accelerate theredox process, resulting in selective lithium ion adsorption. After 48 h of reaction with a 20 % zinc oxide loading and a sintering temperature of 200℃, the capacity of the piezoelectric adsorbents for lithium increased to 35.27 mg/g, as shown by experimental results. This study proposes a novel method for extracting lithium directly from saline lake brines under natural conditions, as well as a new application of piezoelectric materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethoxylated alcohols as co-collectors in apatite, calcite and dolomite flotation

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109173

Lev O. Filippov, Inna V. Filippova, Reza Ardian, Daniel Fornasiero

The separation of calcium minerals by flotation is difficult without the use of depressants. As an alternative, a mixture of collectors, either ionics or ionic-alcohol mixture, could be used for this mineral separation, and without depressants. It was found that addition of nonionic ethoxylated fatty alcohols to the oleate collector has a synergistic effect on the flotation of apatite, calcite and dolomite at pH 4.5 and 9.5. A potential mineral separation between the phosphate (apatite) and non-phosphate (calcite and dolomite) minerals is only possible at pH 4.5 with 20–25% nonionic in the collector mixture. This synergistic effect on the flotation of the three minerals corresponds to an increase in mineral hydrophobicity resulting from more collector, oleate and/or nonionic, adsorbing on these minerals. It was postulated that the nonionic alcohol forms a complex with oleate, which facilitates the collector dispersion and transport/attachment to the mineral surface resulting in a more dense collector surface packing. The increased collector adsorption using this collector mixture, and therefore synergistic effect on carbonate mineral flotation, could be predicted when the affinity of the oleate-alcohol complex for Ca sites is stronger than that of the oleate alone. The hypotheses on the selective collector adsorption and mineral hydrophobisation depending on the flotation pH were validated using a low-grade complex mineralogy igneous phosphate ore and a simple mineralogy sedimentary phosphate ore.

{"title":"Ethoxylated alcohols as co-collectors in apatite, calcite and dolomite flotation","authors":"Lev O. Filippov, Inna V. Filippova, Reza Ardian, Daniel Fornasiero","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The separation of calcium minerals by flotation is difficult without the use of depressants. As an alternative, a mixture of collectors, either ionics or ionic-alcohol mixture, could be used for this mineral separation, and without depressants. It was found that addition of nonionic ethoxylated fatty alcohols to the oleate collector has a synergistic effect on the flotation of apatite, calcite and dolomite at pH 4.5 and 9.5. A potential mineral separation between the phosphate (apatite) and non-phosphate (calcite and dolomite) minerals is only possible at pH 4.5 with 20–25% nonionic in the collector mixture. This synergistic effect on the flotation of the three minerals corresponds to an increase in mineral hydrophobicity resulting from more collector, oleate and/or nonionic, adsorbing on these minerals. It was postulated that the nonionic alcohol forms a complex with oleate, which facilitates the collector dispersion and transport/attachment to the mineral surface resulting in a more dense collector surface packing. The increased collector adsorption using this collector mixture, and therefore synergistic effect on carbonate mineral flotation, could be predicted when the affinity of the oleate-alcohol complex for Ca sites is stronger than that of the oleate alone. The hypotheses on the selective collector adsorption and mineral hydrophobisation depending on the flotation pH were validated using a low-grade complex mineralogy igneous phosphate ore and a simple mineralogy sedimentary phosphate ore.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143294194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flotation separation of parisite from calcium-bearing gangue minerals using polyaspartic acid as a depressant

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109198

Jingyang Shi , Jing Lv , Jieliang Wang , Zhao Cao , Wenda Lu , Yongdan Cao , Xu Wu , Xiaoping Wang , Jiayan Tang , Zhenyue Zhang , Ru-an Chi

The flotation separation of parisite from calcium-bearing gangue minerals, such as fluorite and calcite, poses a significant challenge in the rare earth ore production process. In this study, an eco-friendly and highly selective depressant polyaspartic acid (PASP) was adopted in the flotation separation of parisite from calcite and fluorite, and its depression mechanism was investigated through various surface analysis and testing methods, including zeta potential tests, contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The flotation test results indicated that PASP significantly inhibited the flotation of fluorite and calcite, with negligible effect on parisite when using octyl hydroxamic acid (OHA) as a collector at weak alkaline pH. The artificial mixed mineral flotation proved that PASP could achieve effective flotation separation of parisite from calcite and fluorite. Zeta potential tests and FTIR analyses demonstrated that the adsorption of PASP prevented OHA adsorption on calcite and fluorite surfaces, with minimal impact on OHA adsorption on parisite surface. XPS analyses confirmed that PASP was mainly chemisorbed on the surfaces of calcite and fluorite through the chelation reaction between polar groups (–NH– and –COO⁻) of PASP with the Ca²⁺ on these surfaces. AFM clearly showed the agglomerative adsorption of PASP on the surfaces of fluorite and calcite. Thus, PASP could be an efficient depressant for calcite and fluorite in parisite flotation, providing novel insights into addressing rare earth ore flotation challenges.

{"title":"Flotation separation of parisite from calcium-bearing gangue minerals using polyaspartic acid as a depressant","authors":"Jingyang Shi , Jing Lv , Jieliang Wang , Zhao Cao , Wenda Lu , Yongdan Cao , Xu Wu , Xiaoping Wang , Jiayan Tang , Zhenyue Zhang , Ru-an Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flotation separation of parisite from calcium-bearing gangue minerals, such as fluorite and calcite, poses a significant challenge in the rare earth ore production process. In this study, an eco-friendly and highly selective depressant polyaspartic acid (PASP) was adopted in the flotation separation of parisite from calcite and fluorite, and its depression mechanism was investigated through various surface analysis and testing methods, including zeta potential tests, contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The flotation test results indicated that PASP significantly inhibited the flotation of fluorite and calcite, with negligible effect on parisite when using octyl hydroxamic acid (OHA) as a collector at weak alkaline pH. The artificial mixed mineral flotation proved that PASP could achieve effective flotation separation of parisite from calcite and fluorite. Zeta potential tests and FTIR analyses demonstrated that the adsorption of PASP prevented OHA adsorption on calcite and fluorite surfaces, with minimal impact on OHA adsorption on parisite surface. XPS analyses confirmed that PASP was mainly chemisorbed on the surfaces of calcite and fluorite through the chelation reaction between polar groups (–NH– and –COO<sup>−</sup>) of PASP with the Ca<sup>2+</sup> on these surfaces. AFM clearly showed the agglomerative adsorption of PASP on the surfaces of fluorite and calcite. Thus, PASP could be an efficient depressant for calcite and fluorite in parisite flotation, providing novel insights into addressing rare earth ore flotation challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143353598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selective leaching of Ga and Ge from zinc powder replacement residue and determining influential role of magnetic field with an ultrasonic field

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109196

Tianxiang Zheng , Yuanxin Liang , Dewei Xun , Meng Sun , Biao Ding , Zhe Shen , Qiang Li , Peijian Shi , Bangfei Zhou , Chunmei Liu , Caigui Wu , Weili Ren , Yunbo Zhong

Gallium (Ga) and germanium (Ge) are rare metals crucial for national applications in semiconductor and military sector. The metals are usually leached from zinc powder replacement residue (ZPRR) produced in the wet zinc refining process. In this study, Ge and Ga were leached from sulfuric acid with the application of a strong magnetic field and an ultrasonic field. The leaching mechanism in the strong magnetic field and ultrasonic field was studied using various characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, XPS, FT-IR, etc. Kinetic studies show that the leaching of Ga and Ge from ZPRR is influenced by a combination of surface chemical processes and diffusion of reactants. When under the influence of 10 T magnetic field, the apparent activation energy for Ga and Ge were 30.44 kJ/mol and 30.97 kJ/mol, respectively. When the 10 T strong magnetic field was compound with a 360 W ultrasonic field, the apparent activation energy for Ga and Ge fell to 24.70 kJ/mol and 20.43 kJ/mol, respectively. Through XPS, FT-IR, XRD, it was found that the strong magnetic field can influence and suppress the hydrolysis of Fe(OH)₃ during the reaction process and can also alter the existence form of Si(OH)₄. Moreover, the combined ultrasonic field can also break the ZPRR encapsulating structure, intensifying the boosting impact of the magnetic field. The optimal leaching parameters were discovered by one-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). This investigation proposes a novel and effective leaching technique for the extraction of Ga and Ge from ZPRR, while concurrently mitigating the environmental risks associated with ZPRR processing.

{"title":"Selective leaching of Ga and Ge from zinc powder replacement residue and determining influential role of magnetic field with an ultrasonic field","authors":"Tianxiang Zheng , Yuanxin Liang , Dewei Xun , Meng Sun , Biao Ding , Zhe Shen , Qiang Li , Peijian Shi , Bangfei Zhou , Chunmei Liu , Caigui Wu , Weili Ren , Yunbo Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gallium (Ga) and germanium (Ge) are rare metals crucial for national applications in semiconductor and military sector. The metals are usually leached from zinc powder replacement residue (ZPRR) produced in the wet zinc refining process. In this study, Ge and Ga were leached from sulfuric acid with the application of a strong magnetic field and an ultrasonic field. The leaching mechanism in the strong magnetic field and ultrasonic field was studied using various characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, XPS, FT-IR, etc. Kinetic studies show that the leaching of Ga and Ge from ZPRR is influenced by a combination of surface chemical processes and diffusion of reactants. When under the influence of 10 T magnetic field, the apparent activation energy for Ga and Ge were 30.44 kJ/mol and 30.97 kJ/mol, respectively. When the 10 T strong magnetic field was compound with a 360 W ultrasonic field, the apparent activation energy for Ga and Ge fell to 24.70 kJ/mol and 20.43 kJ/mol, respectively. Through XPS, FT-IR, XRD, it was found that the strong magnetic field can influence and suppress the hydrolysis of Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub> during the reaction process and can also alter the existence form of Si(OH)<sub>4</sub>. Moreover, the combined ultrasonic field can also break the ZPRR encapsulating structure, intensifying the boosting impact of the magnetic field. The optimal leaching parameters were discovered by one-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM). This investigation proposes a novel and effective leaching technique for the extraction of Ga and Ge from ZPRR, while concurrently mitigating the environmental risks associated with ZPRR processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular dynamics simulation of flotation of difficult-to-float oxidized coal slime enhanced by polar and non-polar mixed collectors

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109195

Dahu Li , Fangjia Yang , Peng Wang , Zhao Cao , Jieliang Wang

Aiming at the problem of poor flotation effect of oxidized coal slime, this study used a composite flotation collector compounded with diesel oil (DO) and an alcohol polar collector reagent (KD) in order to improve the flotation effect. Through the flotation test, combined with the molecular dynamics simulation method, the effect of the mixed collector on the flotation of oxidized coal was investigated, and the adsorption characteristics of the mixed collector with different ratios in the oxidized coal/water/reagent system were explored, including the parameters of the relative concentration distribution, the contact surface area and the interaction energy. The compatibility of six different components of DO with KD reagent was also investigated. The results showed that compared with the use of diesel fuel only, using the mixed collector with a DO:KD ratio of 4:1, the ash content of the cleaned coal did not change much, the cleaned coal yield could be increased by 20.07%, and the combustible matter recovery could be increased by 25.29%. The KD molecules in the mixed collector can adsorb with the hydrophilic parts on the surface of oxidized coal and cover the hydrophilic sites on the surface of oxidized coal, so that the DO/KD molecules can adsorb together on the surface of oxidized coal and enhance the hydrophobicity of the surface of oxidized coal. When the proportion of KD in the mixed collector exceeds 20%, some KD molecules undergo self-polymerization, forming semi-micellar adsorption through hydrophobic binding, which will reduce the effect of the mixed collector. In addition, carbazole and dibenzothiophene among the DO components have the closest Chi values to 0 and smaller ΔE values, which have the best compatibility with the polar reagent KD and better chemical reaction activity, and can better enhance the flotation effect of oxidized coal slime.

{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation of flotation of difficult-to-float oxidized coal slime enhanced by polar and non-polar mixed collectors","authors":"Dahu Li , Fangjia Yang , Peng Wang , Zhao Cao , Jieliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the problem of poor flotation effect of oxidized coal slime, this study used a composite flotation collector compounded with diesel oil (DO) and an alcohol polar collector reagent (KD) in order to improve the flotation effect. Through the flotation test, combined with the molecular dynamics simulation method, the effect of the mixed collector on the flotation of oxidized coal was investigated, and the adsorption characteristics of the mixed collector with different ratios in the oxidized coal/water/reagent system were explored, including the parameters of the relative concentration distribution, the contact surface area and the interaction energy. The compatibility of six different components of DO with KD reagent was also investigated. The results showed that compared with the use of diesel fuel only, using the mixed collector with a DO:KD ratio of 4:1, the ash content of the cleaned coal did not change much, the cleaned coal yield could be increased by 20.07%, and the combustible matter recovery could be increased by 25.29%. The KD molecules in the mixed collector can adsorb with the hydrophilic parts on the surface of oxidized coal and cover the hydrophilic sites on the surface of oxidized coal, so that the DO/KD molecules can adsorb together on the surface of oxidized coal and enhance the hydrophobicity of the surface of oxidized coal. When the proportion of KD in the mixed collector exceeds 20%, some KD molecules undergo self-polymerization, forming semi-micellar adsorption through hydrophobic binding, which will reduce the effect of the mixed collector. In addition, carbazole and dibenzothiophene among the DO components have the closest <em>Chi</em> values to 0 and smaller <em>ΔE</em> values, which have the best compatibility with the polar reagent KD and better chemical reaction activity, and can better enhance the flotation effect of oxidized coal slime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0