Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109172
Shengyang Ding, Lu Yin, Tao Zhang, Li Lv, Wenxiang Tang, Shengwei Tang
Phosphate tailing is a solid waste from the process of phosphate resource utilization. It is rich in phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. Exploring a profitable comprehensive utilization route of phosphate tailings is crucial for the disposal of phosphate tailings. A utilization route of P, Ca and Mg in phosphate tailings was proposed in this work. Phosphate tailings were first calcinated and leached with dilute H3PO4. The Ca and Mg from dolomite in phosphate tailings were selectively dissolved into leaching liquor, followed by the precipitation of CaHPO4 and MgNH4PO4 from the leaching liquor through pH adjustment. After leaching, the unreacted fluorapatite and silicates became a phosphate concentrate with a P2O5 content of 29.89 wt%. The phosphorus in the tailings was recovered in the form of concentrated phosphate ore with a recovery rate of 99.86 %. Decomposition kinetics of dolomite in the calcination process was studied. The activation energy is 195.82 kJ/mol and the pre-exponential factor is 1.73 × 109 s−1. The results provide an effective route of utilizing phosphate tailings.
{"title":"Resource utilization of phosphate tailings by calcination and leaching with dilute H3PO4 solution","authors":"Shengyang Ding, Lu Yin, Tao Zhang, Li Lv, Wenxiang Tang, Shengwei Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphate tailing is a solid waste from the process of phosphate resource utilization. It is rich in phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. Exploring a profitable comprehensive utilization route of phosphate tailings is crucial for the disposal of phosphate tailings. A utilization route of P, Ca and Mg in phosphate tailings was proposed in this work. Phosphate tailings were first calcinated and leached with dilute H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. The Ca and Mg from dolomite in phosphate tailings were selectively dissolved into leaching liquor, followed by the precipitation of CaHPO<sub>4</sub> and MgNH<sub>4</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> from the leaching liquor through pH adjustment. After leaching, the unreacted fluorapatite and silicates became a phosphate concentrate with a P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> content of 29.89 wt%. The phosphorus in the tailings was recovered in the form of concentrated phosphate ore with a recovery rate of 99.86 %. Decomposition kinetics of dolomite in the calcination process was studied. The activation energy is 195.82 kJ/mol and the pre-exponential factor is 1.73 × 10<sup>9</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. The results provide an effective route of utilizing phosphate tailings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109167
Samuel Teillaud , Lucie Coudert , Yassine Ait-Khouia , Mostafa Benzaazoua , Marie Guittonny , Baptiste Laubie , Marie-Odile Simonnot
The global demand for cobalt (Co), essential for “clean” energy technologies, has raised interest in identifying secondary sources, including mine tailings. This study evaluates the potential of historic silver (Ag) mine tailings in Ontario, Canada, as a secondary Co source and for arsenic (As) mitigation, offering economic and environmental benefits. Physico–chemical and mineralogical characterization revealed promising Co (1 310 mg/kg) and As (5 245 mg/kg) contents in fine silty tailings (D80 = 55 μm), with key Co-As-bearing minerals (e.g., safflorite, skutterudite, cobaltite, erythrite) exhibiting significant alteration and association with silicates (i.e., albite, quartz, chlorite). The complex mineralogy and fine particle size are challenging for conventional processing methods.
Tests using gravity separation achieved limited Co and As recoveries (4.2% and 7.3%, respectively), despite effective preconcentration (x24.8 and x38, respectively). Flotation experiments, performed in Denver cell with xanthate and hydroxamic acid collectors, achieved concentration factors of 2.5 for Co (70% recovery) and 3.0 for As (80% recovery). Pre-treatment with sonication further enhanced flotation efficiency. Analysis of entrainment index and particle size distribution emphasized the role of hydroxamate in particle recovery.
The study highlights the need for innovative processing strategies to overcome challenges posed by fine particle size, mineral alteration, and complex associations. However, Co grades comparable to global smelter concentrates were achieved, suggesting the potential for sustainable reprocessing of aged mine tailings. Future research should focus on optimizing reprocessing techniques to enhance resource efficiency and sustainability.
{"title":"Challenges associated with the recovery of Co– and As-bearing minerals from aged mine tailings","authors":"Samuel Teillaud , Lucie Coudert , Yassine Ait-Khouia , Mostafa Benzaazoua , Marie Guittonny , Baptiste Laubie , Marie-Odile Simonnot","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global demand for cobalt (Co), essential for “clean” energy technologies, has raised interest in identifying secondary sources, including mine tailings. This study evaluates the potential of historic silver (Ag) mine tailings in Ontario, Canada, as a secondary Co source and for arsenic (As) mitigation, offering economic and environmental benefits. Physico–chemical and mineralogical characterization revealed promising Co (1 310 mg/kg) and As (5 245 mg/kg) contents in fine silty tailings (D<sub>80</sub> = 55 μm), with key Co-As-bearing minerals (e.g., safflorite, skutterudite, cobaltite, erythrite) exhibiting significant alteration and association with silicates (i.e., albite, quartz, chlorite). The complex mineralogy and fine particle size are challenging for conventional processing methods.</div><div>Tests using gravity separation achieved limited Co and As recoveries (4.2% and 7.3%, respectively), despite effective preconcentration (x24.8 and x38, respectively). Flotation experiments, performed in Denver cell with xanthate and hydroxamic acid collectors, achieved concentration factors of 2.5 for Co (70% recovery) and 3.0 for As (80% recovery). Pre-treatment with sonication further enhanced flotation efficiency. Analysis of entrainment index and particle size distribution emphasized the role of hydroxamate in particle recovery.</div><div>The study highlights the need for innovative processing strategies to overcome challenges posed by fine particle size, mineral alteration, and complex associations. However, Co grades comparable to global smelter concentrates were achieved, suggesting the potential for sustainable reprocessing of aged mine tailings. Future research should focus on optimizing reprocessing techniques to enhance resource efficiency and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109167"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109170
Guangsheng Zeng , Wei Weng , Shuiping Zhong , Xiaopeng Chi , Jiaozhong Cai , Wen Tan , Junnan Chen
The novel amidoxime-based collectors, 4-pyridylamidoxime (PA), 3-ethyl-4-pyridylamidoxime (EPA), and 3-methyl-5-tert-butyl-4-pyridylamidoxime (MBPA), were introduced in the lead-free flotation separation of wolframite from quartz and calcite. Compared with PA, EPA, and the traditional collector benzohydroxamic acid (BHA), MBPA exhibited a better separation and recovery capacity to wolframite ore. 4.0 × 10-4 mol/L MBPA recovered more than 80 % wolframite, ∼24 % calcite, and ∼ 26 % quartz at pH 8.0 without Pb2+ ions. Under the same conditions, BHA only floated out less than 35 % wolframite. The adsorption amount results exhibited a stronger adsorption ability of MBPA than BHA on wolframite surface. Further, the results of zeta-potential, FTIR, XPS and density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that MBPA could chemisorb on wolframite surface to form −N-Fe and −O-Fe bonds. MBPA had stronger electron-donating ability and weaker electron-accepting ability than BHA, which exhibited higher reaction activity. It was clear that MBPA was an excellent collector in the lead-free flotation separation of wolframite from calcite and quartz.
{"title":"Amidoxime collectors: Lead-free flotation performance and adsorption mechanism in the separation of wolframite, quartz and calcite","authors":"Guangsheng Zeng , Wei Weng , Shuiping Zhong , Xiaopeng Chi , Jiaozhong Cai , Wen Tan , Junnan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The novel amidoxime-based collectors, 4-pyridylamidoxime (PA), 3-ethyl-4-pyridylamidoxime (EPA), and 3-methyl-5-<em>tert</em>-butyl-4-pyridylamidoxime (MBPA), were introduced in the lead-free flotation separation of wolframite from quartz and calcite. Compared with PA, EPA, and the traditional collector benzohydroxamic acid (BHA), MBPA exhibited a better separation and recovery capacity to wolframite ore. 4.0 × 10<sup>-4</sup> mol/L MBPA recovered more than 80 % wolframite, ∼24 % calcite, and ∼ 26 % quartz at pH 8.0 without Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions. Under the same conditions, BHA only floated out less than 35 % wolframite. The adsorption amount results exhibited a stronger adsorption ability of MBPA than BHA on wolframite surface. Further, the results of zeta-potential, FTIR, XPS and density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that MBPA could chemisorb on wolframite surface to form −N-Fe and −O-Fe bonds. MBPA had stronger electron-donating ability and weaker electron-accepting ability than BHA, which exhibited higher reaction activity. It was clear that MBPA was an excellent collector in the lead-free flotation separation of wolframite from calcite and quartz.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109162
Xiaofeng Li, Xuan Wu, Junbiao Wang, Hui Dong, Zhengyang Wang
During froth flotation, minerals enter the concentrate either through true flotation or mechanical entrainment. These two processes occur simultaneously and they determine the efficiency and selectivity of the process. This study proposes use of a bubble surface load value to quantitatively characterize the level of particle adhesion on bubbles. A visual experimental platform was constructed using a high-speed camera system and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles as the base material for the particle bed. Variations in the bubble surface load values and particle entrainment phenomena were evaluated under different particle sizes and superficial gas velocities. The morphological changes in particle-laden bubbles, including bubble size, vertical ascending velocity, and horizontal motion velocity, were evaluated. The correlation between the ascending behavior of particle-laden bubbles and the particle entrainment phenomenon was also explored. The results indicated that, under a particle size of 300 μm, increasing the superficial gas velocity reduced particle adhesion on bubbles, resulting in a lower bubble surface load value. However, using a smaller particle size (300 μm) effectively mitigated the impact of increased superficial gas velocity on the bubble surface load value. Bubbles with a surface load value exceeding 40 % exhibited more significant particle entrainment in the vortex beneath them, whereas those with a surface load value below 40 % showed less entrainment. The results demonstrated that the degree of particle entrainment was correlated with the vortex shedding and the motion characteristics of the bubbles. These findings provide valuable insights for developing advanced mineral flotation strategies.
{"title":"Correlation between the kinematic properties of carrier particle bubbles and their particle entrainment phenomena","authors":"Xiaofeng Li, Xuan Wu, Junbiao Wang, Hui Dong, Zhengyang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During froth flotation, minerals enter the concentrate either through true flotation or mechanical entrainment. These two processes occur simultaneously and they determine the efficiency and selectivity of the process. This study proposes use of a bubble surface load value to quantitatively characterize the level of particle adhesion on bubbles. A visual experimental platform was constructed using a high-speed camera system and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles as the base material for the particle bed. Variations in the bubble surface load values and particle entrainment phenomena were evaluated under different particle sizes and superficial gas velocities. The morphological changes in particle-laden bubbles, including bubble size, vertical ascending velocity, and horizontal motion velocity, were evaluated. The correlation between the ascending behavior of particle-laden bubbles and the particle entrainment phenomenon was also explored. The results indicated that, under a particle size of 300 μm, increasing the superficial gas velocity reduced particle adhesion on bubbles, resulting in a lower bubble surface load value. However, using a smaller particle size (300 μm) effectively mitigated the impact of increased superficial gas velocity on the bubble surface load value. Bubbles with a surface load value exceeding 40 % exhibited more significant particle entrainment in the vortex beneath them, whereas those with a surface load value below 40 % showed less entrainment. The results demonstrated that the degree of particle entrainment was correlated with the vortex shedding and the motion characteristics of the bubbles. These findings provide valuable insights for developing advanced mineral flotation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109164
Angel Manuel Cabrales-González , Diola Marina Núñez-Ramírez , María Adriana Martínez-Prado , Luis Medina-Torres , Walfred Rosas-Flores , Octavio Manero
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans is a microorganism of great interest in biohydrometallurgical processes, as it is potentially capable of treating complex, low-grade sulfur minerals. However, there are concerns in the metallurgical industry regarding microbial manipulation due to problems related to cellular integrity, metabolic activities, genetic stability, and long-term maintenance of microbial cultures. In this study, the microencapsulation of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in a biopolymeric matrix composed of whey protein isolate (WPI) and gum arabic (GA) was carried out by complex coacervation and freeze-drying, with the goal to improve the above-mentioned factors. Results revealed that the highest level and quality of microencapsulation was obtained at a pH of 4.0 with a WPI: GA ratio of 2:1. The physicochemical properties of the powders (freeze-dried cells encapsulated in the WPI-GA matrix) revealed water activity () of 0.089 ± 0.001, encapsulation efficiency () of 88.88 ± 3.75 %, coacervation yield () of 37.71 ± 0.063 %, and moisture content () of 4.0 ± 0.14 %. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the morphology corresponds to amorphous particles like crystals, with a polydisperse size distribution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of electrostatic interactions between WPI and GA. Finally, growth kinetics and the bacteria metabolic activity remained intact after a freeze-drying process, reaching a growth of 1.64 x 109 cells/mL in 16 days. This microencapsulation process of the Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans may be an innovative method with applications in the mining and metallurgical industry regarding the storage, handling, and use of this microorganism in bioleaching processes.
酸性硫氧化硫硫杆菌是生物湿法冶金过程中非常感兴趣的微生物，因为它有可能处理复杂的低品位硫矿物。然而，在冶金工业中，由于与细胞完整性、代谢活动、遗传稳定性和微生物培养的长期维持有关的问题，人们对微生物操作存在担忧。本研究以乳清分离蛋白（WPI）和阿拉伯胶（GA）组成的生物聚合物为基质，采用复合凝聚和冷冻干燥的方法对酸性硫氧化硫杆菌进行微胶囊化，以改善上述因素。结果表明，在pH为4.0、WPI: GA比为2:1的条件下，微胶囊化水平和质量最高。经冻干细胞包封在WPI-GA基质中的粉末理化性质表明，其水活度（aw）为0.089±0.001，包封效率（EE）为88.88±3.75%，凝聚率（YC）为37.71±0.063%，含水量（MC）为4.0±0.14%。此外，扫描电镜（SEM）显示，形貌符合非晶颗粒状晶体，具有多分散的尺寸分布。傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）分析证实了WPI和GA之间存在静电相互作用。最后，在冷冻干燥过程中，细菌的生长动力学和代谢活性保持不变，在16天内达到1.64 x 109个细胞/mL的生长。这种酸化硫氧化硫硫杆菌的微胶囊化工艺可能是一种创新方法，可用于采矿和冶金工业中对该微生物的储存、处理和在生物浸出过程中的使用。
{"title":"Microencapsulation of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in a biopolymeric matrix of gum arabic and whey protein using complex coacervation and freeze drying","authors":"Angel Manuel Cabrales-González , Diola Marina Núñez-Ramírez , María Adriana Martínez-Prado , Luis Medina-Torres , Walfred Rosas-Flores , Octavio Manero","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans</em> is a microorganism of great interest in biohydrometallurgical processes, as it is potentially capable of treating complex, low-grade sulfur minerals. However, there are concerns in the metallurgical industry regarding microbial manipulation due to problems related to cellular integrity, metabolic activities, genetic stability, and long-term maintenance of microbial cultures. In this study, the microencapsulation of <em>Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans</em> in a biopolymeric matrix composed of whey protein isolate (WPI) and gum arabic (GA) was carried out by complex coacervation and freeze-drying, with the goal to improve the above-mentioned factors. Results revealed that the highest level and quality of microencapsulation was obtained at a pH of 4.0 with a WPI: GA ratio of 2:1. The physicochemical properties of the powders (freeze-dried cells encapsulated in the WPI-GA matrix) revealed water activity (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mi>w</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) of 0.089 ± 0.001, encapsulation efficiency (<span><math><mrow><mi>EE</mi></mrow></math></span>) of 88.88 ± 3.75 %, coacervation yield (<span><math><mrow><mi>YC</mi></mrow></math></span>) of 37.71 ± 0.063 %, and moisture content (<span><math><mrow><mi>MC</mi></mrow></math></span>) of 4.0 ± 0.14 %. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the morphology corresponds to amorphous particles like crystals, with a polydisperse size distribution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of electrostatic interactions between WPI and GA. Finally, growth kinetics and the bacteria metabolic activity remained intact after a freeze-drying process, reaching a growth of 1.64 x 10<sup>9</sup> cells/mL in 16 days. This microencapsulation process of the <em>Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans</em> may be an innovative method with applications in the mining and metallurgical industry regarding the storage, handling, and use of this microorganism in bioleaching processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109166
Jiayu Xin , Jiahong Li , Xi Zhao , Changliu He , Lei Zheng , Aijun Zhang , Ranting Tao , Xu Zhang
Improving the efficiency of leaching arsenic from arsenic-containing gold ores is still a problem that needs to be solved urgently by traditional biological oxidation method. In this work, the effect of oxidant on mineral leaching and the change of arsenic ion valence during biological oxidation were investigated in detail. The results showed that when 5 g/L Peroxymonosulfate(PMS) was added on the second day of bioleaching, the concentration of arsenic ion in the solution was 0.682 g/L on the 14th day of the reaction, and the leaching rate of arsenic reached 71.06 %. Compared with the mixed microbial leaching system, the leaching rate of arsenic was increased by 8.95 %, while the content of As (Ⅲ) was decreased by 12.82 %. The results of electrochemical experiments show that PMS plays a cathode strengthening role in mineral oxidation and the passivation phenomenon in the process of microbial leaching is reduced by improving the oxidation capacity of the system. And the dissolved charge transfer resistance of the mineral is reduced from 44.17 Ω to 32.29 Ω. This study provides a new research perspective for improving the arsenic leaching rate of arsenic-containing gold ores, and our strategy also provides guidance for the research mechanism of increasing the arsenic leaching rate.
{"title":"Surface electron transfer promoted by Peroxymonosulfate oxidant enhances bioleaching of arsenic-containing gold ore","authors":"Jiayu Xin , Jiahong Li , Xi Zhao , Changliu He , Lei Zheng , Aijun Zhang , Ranting Tao , Xu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the efficiency of leaching arsenic from arsenic-containing gold ores is still a problem that needs to be solved urgently by traditional biological oxidation method. In this work, the effect of oxidant on mineral leaching and the change of arsenic ion valence during biological oxidation were investigated in detail. The results showed that when 5 g/L Peroxymonosulfate(PMS) was added on the second day of bioleaching, the concentration of arsenic ion in the solution was 0.682 g/L on the 14th day of the reaction, and the leaching rate of arsenic reached 71.06 %. Compared with the mixed microbial leaching system, the leaching rate of arsenic was increased by 8.95 %, while the content of As (Ⅲ) was decreased by 12.82 %. The results of electrochemical experiments show that PMS plays a cathode strengthening role in mineral oxidation and the passivation phenomenon in the process of microbial leaching is reduced by improving the oxidation capacity of the system. And the dissolved charge transfer resistance of the mineral is reduced from 44.17 Ω to 32.29 Ω. This study provides a new research perspective for improving the arsenic leaching rate of arsenic-containing gold ores, and our strategy also provides guidance for the research mechanism of increasing the arsenic leaching rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109165
Shengzong Lan , Liuyang Dong , Peilun Shen , Haoran Su , Zhengchang Shen , Dianwen Liu
A large amount of the industrial byproduct gypsum can harm the environment, so developing an innovative approach for the utilization of gypsum is highly important. In this study, gypsum was employed to increase the flotation separation efficiency of apatite from calcite. The micro-flotation test revealed that sodium oleate could not separate the two minerals without a depressant. At pH 9, following the incorporation of gypsum, apatite achieved a recovery of 83.22 %, which was 51.49 % greater than that of calcite. The artificial mixed mineral test yielded a mixed concentrate with a P2O5 recovery of 72.71 % and a grade of 25.88 %. Mineral surface properties were analyzed, revealing that gypsum enhanced the hydrophilicity of the calcite surface and inhibited NaOL adsorption on calcite but had a minimal impact on apatite. Ca2+ in the slurry facilitated SO42– adsorption on the calcite surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that phosphate species on the apatite surface could adsorb Ca2+ from the solution, creating active sites for sodium oleate. Additionally, a higher concentration of S was observed on the calcite surface, suggesting that the adsorption capacity of gypsum dissolved in the slurry is greater on the surface of calcite. Surface morphology analysis revealed selective gypsum dissolved components adsorption on calcite rather than apatite, primarily within the 8–30 nm range, exhibiting uniform spot adsorption. These findings demonstrate the potential of gypsum as an inorganic depressant for calcite from various sources, enabling the flotation separation of apatite from calcite and thus providing a theoretical basis for the resource utilization of gypsum solid waste.
{"title":"Efficient resource utilization of gypsum in the flotation separation of apatite from calcite","authors":"Shengzong Lan , Liuyang Dong , Peilun Shen , Haoran Su , Zhengchang Shen , Dianwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A large amount of the industrial byproduct gypsum can harm the environment, so developing an innovative approach for the utilization of gypsum is highly important. In this study, gypsum was employed to increase the flotation separation efficiency of apatite from calcite. The micro-flotation test revealed that sodium oleate could not separate the two minerals without a depressant. At pH 9, following the incorporation of gypsum, apatite achieved a recovery of 83.22 %, which was 51.49 % greater than that of calcite. The artificial mixed mineral test yielded a mixed concentrate with a P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> recovery of 72.71 % and a grade of 25.88 %. Mineral surface properties were analyzed, revealing that gypsum enhanced the hydrophilicity of the calcite surface and inhibited NaOL adsorption on calcite but had a minimal impact on apatite. Ca<sup>2+</sup> in the slurry facilitated SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup> adsorption on the calcite surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that phosphate species on the apatite surface could adsorb Ca<sup>2+</sup> from the solution, creating active sites for sodium oleate. Additionally, a higher concentration of S was observed on the calcite surface, suggesting that the adsorption capacity of gypsum dissolved in the slurry is greater on the surface of calcite. Surface morphology analysis revealed selective gypsum dissolved components adsorption on calcite rather than apatite, primarily within the 8–30 nm range, exhibiting uniform spot adsorption. These findings demonstrate the potential of gypsum as an inorganic depressant for calcite from various sources, enabling the flotation separation of apatite from calcite and thus providing a theoretical basis for the resource utilization of gypsum solid waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109163
Yusheng Du , Qingyou Meng , Chong Han , Zhitao Yuan , Lixia Li , Jiwei Lu , Ting Liu
In this work, acid surface pretreatment improved the selective dispersion between micro-fine titanaugite (−19 μm) and ilmenite particles in pulp. Microflotation experiments showed that as the mass percentage of micro-fine titanaugite in mixed ore increased, the separation index in ilmenite flotation decreased due to micro-fine titanaugite adsorbed on ilmenite surfaces, while acid surface pretreatment weakened this adverse effect. Turbidity, optical microscope, SEM-EDS, and EDLVO theory analyses suggested that after acid surface pretreatment, these aggregations between ilmenite particles and between titanaugite particles reinforced, and they were related to the decreased surface hydrophilicity of ilmenite and the formative calcium precipitate on titanaugite surfaces, respectively. Meanwhile, the difference in surface hydrophilicity of out-of-phase particles increased. These variations between particles led to a reduction in aggregation between out-of-phase particles. AFM adhesive force analysis proved that after acid surface pretreatment, the adhesion between micro-fine titanaugite and ilmenite particles decreased, and it was lower than the increased adhesion between in-phase particles. A greater improvement in selective dispersion between out-of-phase particles treated with acid surface pretreatment occurred in pulp, further enhancing the flotation index of ilmenite.
{"title":"The mechanism of selective dispersion between micro-fine titanaugite and ilmenite particles caused by acid surface pretreatment in pulp","authors":"Yusheng Du , Qingyou Meng , Chong Han , Zhitao Yuan , Lixia Li , Jiwei Lu , Ting Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, acid surface pretreatment improved the selective dispersion between micro-fine titanaugite (−19 μm) and ilmenite particles in pulp. Microflotation experiments showed that as the mass percentage of micro-fine titanaugite in mixed ore increased, the separation index in ilmenite flotation decreased due to micro-fine titanaugite adsorbed on ilmenite surfaces, while acid surface pretreatment weakened this adverse effect. Turbidity, optical microscope, SEM-EDS, and EDLVO theory analyses suggested that after acid surface pretreatment, these aggregations between ilmenite particles and between titanaugite particles reinforced, and they were related to the decreased surface hydrophilicity of ilmenite and the formative calcium precipitate on titanaugite surfaces, respectively. Meanwhile, the difference in surface hydrophilicity of out-of-phase particles increased. These variations between particles led to a reduction in aggregation between out-of-phase particles. AFM adhesive force analysis proved that after acid surface pretreatment, the adhesion between micro-fine titanaugite and ilmenite particles decreased, and it was lower than the increased adhesion between in-phase particles. A greater improvement in selective dispersion between out-of-phase particles treated with acid surface pretreatment occurred in pulp, further enhancing the flotation index of ilmenite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109159
Dezhi Liu , Yangyang Huai , Rui Liao , Binbin Li , Lingming Zeng
During the serpentine-contained sulfide ores flotation process, the presence of serpentine slimes will intensively deteriorate the flotation performance of sulfide ores due to hetero-coagulation. To handle this issue, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP) was used as a novel depressant in this work. Micro-flotation results revealed that the addition of 5 g/L fine serpentine particle (−10 µm) caused a substantial reduction of approximately 82.5 % in pyrite recovery at pH 9. However, the detrimental impact of fine serpentine could be efficiently mitigated by the application of 30 mg/L TKPP, with a marked increase in pyrite recovery from 10.15 % to 91.25 %. The underlying mechanisms were elucidated using various characterization methods, revealing a significant shift in the surface charge of serpentine from positive to negative upon the addition of 30 mg/L TKPP, while the surface charge of pyrite remained largely unchanged. Consequently, a well-dispersion state of the mixed minerals pulp was achieved due to the identical surface charge. The alteration mechanisms of TKPP on serpentine involved the selective adsorption through forming P-O-Mg bonds and the accelerated decomposition of Mg2+ from serpentine. This study highlights the promising role of TKPP in reducing Mg in sulfide concentrator, proving a feasible solution for sulfide beneficiation operations.
{"title":"Enhancement mechanisms of tetrapotassium pyrophosphate on flotation separation of pyrite from fine serpentine","authors":"Dezhi Liu , Yangyang Huai , Rui Liao , Binbin Li , Lingming Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the serpentine-contained sulfide ores flotation process, the presence of serpentine slimes will intensively deteriorate the flotation performance of sulfide ores due to hetero-coagulation. To handle this issue, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP) was used as a novel depressant in this work. Micro-flotation results revealed that the addition of 5 g/L fine serpentine particle (−10 µm) caused a substantial reduction of approximately 82.5 % in pyrite recovery at pH 9. However, the detrimental impact of fine serpentine could be efficiently mitigated by the application of 30 mg/L TKPP, with a marked increase in pyrite recovery from 10.15 % to 91.25 %. The underlying mechanisms were elucidated using various characterization methods, revealing a significant shift in the surface charge of serpentine from positive to negative upon the addition of 30 mg/L TKPP, while the surface charge of pyrite remained largely unchanged. Consequently, a well-dispersion state of the mixed minerals pulp was achieved due to the identical surface charge. The alteration mechanisms of TKPP on serpentine involved the selective adsorption through forming P-O-Mg bonds and the accelerated decomposition of Mg<sup>2+</sup> from serpentine. This study highlights the promising role of TKPP in reducing Mg in sulfide concentrator, proving a feasible solution for sulfide beneficiation operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ironmaking- steelmaking is a material and energy intensive process with a resource efficiency of only ∼ 33 %. Resource efficiency enhancement requires recovering the wasted/unutilized material by-products and the energy associated with them in various forms. This review attempts to identify the material leakages and energy losses at each step of steelmaking (from iron ore mining) and explores approaches to plug the energy and material leakage; material efficiency brings in energy savings indirectly. Besides the material loss, accumulation of the by-products (slime/tailings, steel slag, etc.), carbon emission, etc., cause environmental and ecological damage. The review discusses the prospects of slimes/tailings beneficiation through physical and physicochemical methods (often after some pretreatments). The manuscript also discusses the need to recover heat from molten slags (BF slag and BOF slag) to reduce the energy intensity. Further, it discusses the endeavors to overcome the latent hydraulic activity of granulated BF slag and ways to enhance the acceptability of BOF slag in different applications. A brief sum-up of global efforts towards net zero emission (in line with the Paris Declaration) through carbon recycling, low emission intensity processes, alternate fuels, etc., is included. Lastly, the authors list the challenges of the Indian iron & steel industry and the efforts from the government and steel industries towards achieving the projected crude steel production (300 million tons) without crossing the emission intensity thresholds (Paris Declaration). The endeavors strengthen the sustainability of the steel industry.
{"title":"Avenues of resources efficiency enhancement in iron and steel production","authors":"T.C. Alex, Rashmi Singla, D.P. Sahoo, K.D. Mehta, Sanjay Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ironmaking- steelmaking is a material and energy intensive process with a resource efficiency of only ∼ 33 %. Resource efficiency enhancement requires recovering the wasted/unutilized material by-products and the energy associated with them in various forms. This review attempts to identify the material leakages and energy losses at each step of steelmaking (from iron ore mining) and explores approaches to plug the energy and material leakage; material efficiency brings in energy savings indirectly. Besides the material loss, accumulation of the by-products (slime/tailings, steel slag, etc.), carbon emission, etc., cause environmental and ecological damage. The review discusses the prospects of slimes/tailings beneficiation through physical and physicochemical methods (often after some pretreatments). The manuscript also discusses the need to recover heat from molten slags (BF slag and BOF slag) to reduce the energy intensity. Further, it discusses the endeavors to overcome the latent hydraulic activity of granulated BF slag and ways to enhance the acceptability of BOF slag in different applications. A brief sum-up of global efforts towards net zero emission (in line with the Paris Declaration) through carbon recycling, low emission intensity processes, alternate fuels, etc., is included. Lastly, the authors list the challenges of the Indian iron & steel industry and the efforts from the government and steel industries towards achieving the projected crude steel production (300 million tons) without crossing the emission intensity thresholds (Paris Declaration). The endeavors strengthen the sustainability of the steel industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 109160"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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