Minerals Engineering最新文献_第5页

Degradation of thiosulfate ions in sodium aluminate solution photocatalyzed by Co-TiO2@ZIF-8 Co-TiO2@ZIF-8 光催化降解铝酸钠溶液中的硫代硫酸根离子

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109038

The strongly alkaline sodium aluminate solution generated from high-sulfur bauxites during their refinement through the Bayer process contains sulfur, mainly in the form of thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻) ions, which affects the quality of the target product (alumina). Consequently, the large-scale use of high-sulfur bauxites is severely limited, and methods of desulfurizing sodium aluminate solutions are urgently needed. To address this need, we herein prepared metal–organic framework (ZIF-8)-supported Co-doped TiO₂ (Co-TiO₂@ZIF-8) using a sol–gel method and low-temperature calcination under N₂ and examined the ability of this composite to photocatalyze the oxidative degradation of thiosulfate ions in sodium aluminate solutions. Co-TiO₂@ZIF-8 retained the large specific surface area and rich porosity of ZIF-8, which reduced the agglomeration of TiO₂ particles on the surface. The loading of Co-TiO₂ endowed Co-TiO₂@ZIF-8 with a mesoporous structure and thus increased its adsorption capacity. Compared with ZIF-8, Co-TiO₂@ZIF-8 featured new functional groups, and the formation of Zn–C and N–Ti–O bonds confirmed the successful integration of Co-TiO₂ with the ZIF-8 carrier. Consequently, the thiosulfate removal rates by Co-TiO₂@ZIF-8 were 42 % and 26 % higher than those observed for the blank sample and pure TiO₂ (light source = xenon arc lamp, oxidant = O₃, reaction time = 60 min), respectively. This high performance is primarily due to Co doping, which enhanced the efficiency of visible light utilization, and the photogenerated electron–hole pairs on the photocatalyst surface and hydroxyl radicals formed by the interaction of holes with the solution-phase OH⁻ ions.

高硫铝土矿在拜耳法精炼过程中生成的强碱性铝酸钠溶液中含有硫，主要以硫代硫酸根（S2O32-）离子的形式存在，会影响目标产品（氧化铝）的质量。因此，高硫铝土矿的大规模使用受到严重限制，迫切需要铝酸钠溶液的脱硫方法。为了满足这一需求，我们在此采用溶胶-凝胶法和氮气下低温煅烧法制备了金属有机框架（ZIF-8）支撑的掺杂 Co 的 TiO2（Co-TiO2@ZIF-8），并考察了这种复合材料光催化氧化降解铝酸钠溶液中硫代硫酸根离子的能力。Co-TiO2@ZIF-8 保留了 ZIF-8 的大比表面积和丰富的孔隙率，从而减少了 TiO2 颗粒在表面的团聚。Co-TiO2 的负载使 Co-TiO2@ZIF-8 具有介孔结构，从而提高了其吸附能力。与 ZIF-8 相比，Co-TiO2@ZIF-8 具有新的官能团，Zn-C 和 N-Ti-O 键的形成证实了 Co-TiO2 与 ZIF-8 载体的成功结合。因此，Co-TiO2@ZIF-8 对硫代硫酸盐的去除率比空白样品和纯 TiO2（光源 = 氙弧灯，氧化剂 = O3，反应时间 = 60 分钟）分别高出 42% 和 26%。这种高性能主要归功于掺杂 Co 提高了可见光的利用效率，以及光催化剂表面光生电子-空穴对和空穴与溶液相 OH- 离子相互作用形成的羟基自由基。

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引用次数: 0

A review on the reprocessing of sulfide tailings for resource recovery and AMD prevention using mineral processing methods 利用矿物加工方法对硫化尾矿进行再加工以实现资源回收和防止 AMD 的综述

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109025

Reprocessing sulfide minerals in tailings is an attractive option for sustainable tailings management. It can reduce the environmental impact generated by acid mine drainage while recovering valuable metals from tailings. Conventional mineral processing techniques often face challenges when it comes to reprocessing mine tailings, primarily due to factors such as particle size and surface oxidation. By addressing these challenges with targeted strategies, it’s possible to improve recovery efficiencies and make the reprocessing of mine tailings more economically viable and environmentally sustainable. Various advanced techniques are able to target specific tailing properties and achieve high recovery efficiency. This review paper covers various conventional mineral processing methods and their technological advances for reprocessing tailings as follows: (1) flotation with novel machines and reagents, (2) advanced gravity separation, (3) centrifugal dense medium separation, and (4) high-gradient magnetic separation.

对尾矿中的硫化矿物进行再加工是可持续尾矿管理的一个有吸引力的选择。它可以减少酸性矿山排水对环境的影响，同时从尾矿中回收有价值的金属。在对矿山尾矿进行再加工时，传统的矿物加工技术往往面临挑战，主要是由于粒度和表面氧化等因素造成的。通过有针对性的策略来应对这些挑战，就有可能提高回收效率，使矿山尾矿的再处理更具经济可行性和环境可持续性。各种先进技术能够针对特定的尾矿特性，实现高回收效率。本文综述了以下各种传统选矿方法及其在尾矿再处理方面的技术进步：(1) 使用新型机器和试剂的浮选，(2) 先进的重力选矿，(3) 离心致密介质选矿，以及 (4) 高梯度磁选。

引用次数: 0

A comparison of ore pre-concentration efficiency between two high voltage pulse generator systems 两种高压脉冲发生器系统的矿石预浓缩效率比较

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109036

High Voltage Pulse (HVP) enabled ore pre-concentration can potentially provide large energy savings and the ability to upgrade low-grade ores for the mining industry. Two types of pulse generator systems commonly used in HVP breakage are Marx generators and pulse transformers. This initial assessment compares the pre-concentration performance of a SelFrag Lab Unit (utilising a Marx generator) and a custom-built HVP machine (employing a pulse transformer) from Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). Eight sets of experimental results using the two generator systems were collected. Two approaches were taken to analyse the data; a trendline approach using all eight sets of data, and a single-point comparison approach with matched specific energy inputs. The results show that there are significant differences in pre-concentration efficiencies with the HUST machine performing better. To elucidate the potential causes, the degree of size reduction (t₁₀), breakage probability, and selective breakage were investigated for the two generator systems. It is likely that the efficiency of selective breakage is one of the major causes, with the HUST machine presenting better results at selectively breaking high-grade particles and consuming less energy. Additionally, the two generator systems have different energy per discharge levels; the effect of this difference should be investigated in future work.

启用高压脉冲（HVP）进行矿石预选可能会为采矿业节省大量能源，并提高低品位矿石的等级。高压脉冲破碎常用的两种脉冲发生器系统是 Marx 发生器和脉冲变压器。本次初步评估比较了华中科技大学（HUST）的 SelFrag 实验室设备（使用 Marx 发生器）和定制 HVP 设备（使用脉冲变压器）的预浓缩性能。利用这两种发电机系统收集了八组实验结果。分析数据的方法有两种：一种是使用所有八组数据的趋势线方法，另一种是使用匹配的特定能量输入的单点比较方法。结果显示，预浓缩效率存在显著差异，哈工大的机器表现更好。为了阐明潜在的原因，我们对两种发电机系统的尺寸减小程度（t10）、破损概率和选择性破损进行了调查。选择性破碎的效率可能是主要原因之一，哈工大机器在选择性破碎高等级颗粒方面表现更好，能耗更低。此外，两种发生器系统的单位放电能量水平不同；这一差异的影响应在今后的工作中加以研究。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing additives effects on bioleaching efficiency of Cd-bearing ZnS concentrate in mesophilic conditioning at high pulp density 比较添加剂对高纸浆密度下中温调节含镉锌精矿生物浸出效率的影响

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109033

The roasting-leaching-electrowinning (RLE) process is the most common method for processing sphalerite concentrate. However, this method has disadvantages that can affect the environment. Bioleaching is an eco-friendly method that can replace this method, but the low kinetics of this method is the main barrier to replacing it. In previous research, various additives have been used to solve this problem, but unfortunately, these additives have usually been investigated in low-density pulp, and very limited research has been conducted on the comparison between additives. In this study, the effect of graphite, silver (Ag⁺), L-cysteine, pyrite, elemental sulfur, and ferrous sulfate additives on the bioleaching of Cd-bearing sphalerite concentrate at 12 % density pulp has been investigated. The results showed that Ag + ions had a higher dissolution rate than the others, and in the optimal condition (60 mg/l), zinc and cadmium extractions were achieved at 82.6 % and 74.5 %, respectively. The bioleached residues have been investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, and it was found that Ag⁺ ions cause the surface to become porous.

焙烧-浸出-电积（RLE）工艺是加工闪锌矿精矿最常用的方法。然而，这种方法存在可能影响环境的缺点。生物浸出是一种可以取代这种方法的环保方法，但这种方法的低动力学是取代它的主要障碍。在以往的研究中，人们使用了各种添加剂来解决这一问题，但遗憾的是，这些添加剂通常都是在低密度纸浆中进行研究的，对添加剂之间的比较研究非常有限。本研究调查了石墨、银（Ag+）、L-半胱氨酸、黄铁矿、元素硫和硫酸亚铁添加剂对含镉闪锌矿精矿在 12% 密度纸浆中生物浸出的影响。结果表明，Ag + 离子的溶解率高于其他离子，在最佳条件下（60 毫克/升），锌和镉的萃取率分别达到 82.6% 和 74.5%。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）分析对生物浸出残留物进行了研究，发现 Ag+离子会使表面变得多孔。

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引用次数: 0

Determination of saturated dissolved oxygen concentration in iron sulfate solutions containing iron oxidizing microorganisms 测定含有铁氧化微生物的硫酸铁溶液中的饱和溶解氧浓度

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109031

Iron sulfate solutions and the extremophile lifeforms that can live within them are industrially and environmentally important in many applications and require proper assessments of solution properties. Determination of saturated dissolved oxygen concentration is an important parameter for monitoring iron biooxidation processes. However, its determination is not so straight forward using commercially available dissolved oxygen meters. Such meters utilize internal calculation models based on the saline properties of seawater which can be easily overlooked. A method for determination of the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration in acidic iron sulfate solutions with the inclusion of other inorganic salts is proposed in this work using the biooxidation of ferrous iron as an indicator measured with redox potential and converted to oxygen concentration through bioreaction stoichiometry. The technique was tested on a BioGenerator system over the course of four days and proved satisfactory in establishing a value for the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration of the bioreactor broth. Study of the lifespan properties of the microorganisms in absence of ferrous iron substrate was briefly examined to determine the effective handling period of solutions for assessment.

硫酸铁溶液和可在其中生存的嗜极生物在许多应用中都具有重要的工业和环境意义，因此需要对溶液特性进行适当评估。饱和溶解氧浓度的测定是监测铁生物氧化过程的一个重要参数。然而，使用市面上的溶解氧测量仪并不能直接测定饱和溶解氧浓度。此类测量仪利用基于海水盐分特性的内部计算模型，这一点很容易被忽视。本研究提出了一种在含有其他无机盐的酸性硫酸铁溶液中测定饱和溶解氧浓度的方法，利用亚铁的生物氧化作用作为指标，用氧化还原电位测量，并通过生物反应化学计量学转换为氧浓度。该技术在生物发生器系统上进行了为期四天的测试，结果证明在确定生物反应器肉汤的饱和溶解氧浓度值方面是令人满意的。在没有亚铁基质的情况下，对微生物的寿命特性进行了简要研究，以确定用于评估的溶液的有效处理期。

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引用次数: 0

Removal of iron and aluminum from hydrometallurgical NMC-LFP recycling process through precipitation 通过沉淀去除湿法冶金 NMC-LFP 循环工艺中的铁和铝

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109037

There is a need to develop removal strategies for typical battery impurities–iron and aluminum–from actual hydrometallurgical recycling solutions. In this work, the investigated solution originated from lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) rich black mass, while iron phosphate (LFP) was used as an in situ reductant. It was found that the presence of phosphate ions supported selective iron precipitation already at pH = 2.0 (T = 60 °C, t = 3 h, NaOH), with nearly complete iron removal (97.8 %). The precipitate was rich in iron (21.5 wt%) and phosphorus (13.4 wt%); it also contained 0.7 wt% Ni and 0.3–0.4 wt% Mn, Co, Al, and Li. It is suggested that the presence of phosphate in minor amounts may cause this co-precipitation of battery metals. With the aim of combined precipitation of iron (100 %) and aluminum (91.0 %), the pH was increased up to 4.5. Although 90.8 % of fluoride precipitated, the remaining fluorides may have kept the aluminum partially in soluble form as Al-F complexes. The formed precipitate had lower iron (18.4 wt%) and phosphorus (11.4 wt%) content, whereas the impurity contents and thus the battery metals losses were slightly higher: Ni, Mn, Co, Al, and Cu were each between 1.1–1.9 wt% and Li and F < 1 wt%. In the precipitates investigated, iron was found predominantly as iron phosphate (FePO₄), whereas a minor fraction also precipitated as iron fluoride (FeF₃). The precipitated aluminum existed mainly as AlOOH. The results presented here will help to build iron and aluminum removal strategies for industrial battery recycling solutions, and also provide insights into the dominant iron and aluminum phases forming the precipitates.

有必要针对实际湿法冶金回收溶液中的典型电池杂质（铁和铝）制定去除策略。在这项工作中，所研究的溶液来自富含锂镍锰钴氧化物（NMC）的黑色块体，而磷酸铁（LFP）被用作原位还原剂。研究发现，在 pH = 2.0（T = 60 °C，t = 3 小时，NaOH）时，磷酸盐离子的存在已支持铁的选择性沉淀，几乎完全去除铁（97.8%）。沉淀物富含铁（21.5 wt%）和磷（13.4 wt%），还含有 0.7 wt% 的镍、0.3-0.4 wt% 的锰、钴、铝和锂。据认为，少量磷酸盐的存在可能会导致电池金属的共沉淀。为了使铁（100%）和铝（91.0%）同时沉淀，pH 值被提高到 4.5。虽然有 90.8% 的氟化物沉淀，但剩余的氟化物可能使铝以 Al-F 复合物的形式保持部分可溶状态。形成的沉淀物中铁（18.4 wt%）和磷（11.4 wt%）含量较低，而杂质含量和电池金属损失则略高：镍、锰、钴、铝和铜的含量分别为 1.1-1.9 wt%，锂和氟的含量为 1 wt%。在所研究的沉淀物中，铁主要以磷酸铁（FePO4）的形式存在，但也有一小部分以氟化铁（FeF3）的形式沉淀。沉淀的铝主要以 AlOOH 的形式存在。本文介绍的结果将有助于为工业电池回收解决方案制定除铁和除铝策略，同时还能深入了解形成沉淀物的主要铁相和铝相。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of the effect of mineral composition and size on particle separation in Wet low and high intensities magnetic separators: An industrial case 研究矿物成分和粒度对湿式低强度和高强度磁选机中颗粒分离的影响：工业案例

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109003

Magnetic separation is used in ore processing to separate the minerals according to their magnetic susceptibility. Particle size also plays a role in the separation although few industrial results are presented in the literature to discuss this matter. Results from sampling industrial Wet Low Intensity Magnetic Separators (WLIMS) and Wet High Intensity Magnetic Separators (WHIMS) for processing an iron ore show that except for the strongly paramagnetic magnetite (Fe₃O₄), the recovery of minerals decreases with increasing particle size for both WLIMS and WHIMS. The examination of polished sections of the coarse size fractions from the reject streams of the WHIMS does not provide ground to suspect liberation to be responsible for the reduced recovery of coarse particles. Results also show that it is difficult to establish clear relationships between the mineral recoveries and their reported magnetic susceptibilities for WLIMS while for WHIMS a weak trend is observable.

磁选用于矿石加工，根据矿物的磁感应强度将其分离。粒度在分离过程中也起着作用，但文献中很少有工业结果来讨论这个问题。工业湿式低强度磁选机（WLIMS）和湿式高强度磁选机（WHIMS）处理铁矿石的取样结果表明，除了强顺磁性磁铁矿（Fe3O4）外，WLIMS 和 WHIMS 的矿物回收率随着粒度的增加而降低。通过对 WHIMS 废渣流中粗粒度馏分的抛光切片进行检查，没有理由怀疑解放是造成粗颗粒回收率降低的原因。结果还表明，在 WLIMS 系统中，矿物回收率与其报告的磁感应强度之间很难建立明确的关系，而在 WHIMS 系统中，则可以观察到微弱的趋势。

引用次数: 0

HPAL of a lateritic nickel ore: An investigation on the relationship between nickel and cobalt extraction and acid consumption 红土镍矿的 HPAL：镍和钴的提取与酸消耗之间关系的研究

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109014

Nickel and cobalt raw materials have become essential in industries like batteries such as robotics, and drones, which are considered as future technologies due to their expanding applications and diversity. Research towards the development of environmentally friendly and relatively low-cost alternative methods for extracting nickel, particularly from low-grade deposits, is becoming increasingly crucial. Laterite ores processing is plagued by high reagent consumption and scale formation. This study focused on investigating the relationship between Ni and Co extraction and acid consumption in the high-pressure acid leaching of lateritic ore, as well as the characterization of leach residue. Analysis has shown that the lateritic ore contains 1.05 % Ni, 0.05 % Co and 21.94 % Fe. In the acid leaching tests based upon a Box-Behnken Design, the initial acid concentration and leach time have a beneficial effect on the Ni extraction (70–94 %). Cobalt extractions ranged between 93 % and 96 %. To facilitate Fe dissolution and increase Ni extraction, cuprous ions were added into the leach solution. Moderate level copper addition (0.025 M) resulted in a significant improvement in Ni extraction, whereas high levels of cuprous addition (0.050 M) did not have further benefit. It has been noted that adding cuprous ions significantly reduces the amount of scale that forms in the autoclave. The lowest Ni extraction was obtained under two different test conditions that did not include copper ions. Increased acid addition was correlated with the increase in Ni leaching and decreased Fe content in residue. There will exist an optimal situation where the acid addition is enough to enhance Ni dissolution and the Eh condition, leading to minimal dissolved Fe.

镍和钴原料已成为机器人和无人机等电池行业的必需品，由于其应用范围不断扩大，且具有多样性，这些行业被视为未来技术。研究开发环保且成本相对较低的镍提取替代方法，尤其是从低品位矿藏中提取镍的方法，正变得越来越重要。红土矿石加工过程中存在试剂消耗高和结垢的问题。本研究的重点是调查红土矿石高压酸浸出过程中镍和钴的提取与酸消耗之间的关系，以及浸出残渣的特征。分析表明，红土矿石中含有 1.05 % 的镍、0.05 % 的钴和 21.94 % 的铁。在基于 Box-Behnken 设计的酸浸出试验中，初始酸浓度和浸出时间对镍的提取率（70%-94%）产生了有利影响。钴的萃取率在 93% 到 96% 之间。为了促进铁的溶解并提高镍的萃取率，在浸出液中加入了亚铜离子。中度铜添加量（0.025 M）显著提高了镍的萃取率，而高浓度亚铜添加量（0.050 M）则没有进一步提高镍的萃取率。人们注意到，添加亚铜离子可显著减少高压釜中形成的水垢量。在不添加铜离子的两种不同试验条件下，镍的萃取率最低。酸添加量的增加与镍萃取量的增加和残渣中铁含量的降低有关。存在一种最佳情况，即酸的添加量足以提高镍的溶解和 Eh 条件，从而使溶解的铁最少。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancement mechanism of metal ions on the flotation behavior of muscovite in sodium oleate system 金属离子对油酸钠体系中麝香石浮选行为的增强机制

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109035

Metal ions have been employed to improve the flotation efficiency of muscovite, yet the underlying enhancing mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we systematically investigated the improvement in muscovite flotation by adding metal ions with different valence states (K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Al³⁺). Flotation experiments revealed that the muscovite recovery rate increased from approximately 10 % to over 70 % with the addition of Ca²⁺ and Al³⁺, while it decreased to less than 1 % with the introduction of K⁺. Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), contact angle tests, and zeta potential analysis confirmed the significant changes in the surface properties of muscovite after binding with K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Al³⁺. Surface electrostatic potential (ESP) results indicated that the muscovite surface exhibited positive electrostatic potential in the presence of these metal ions, facilitating the adsorption of collectors (NaOL) and enhancing the flotation recovery of muscovite. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrated that the enhancing effect of Al(OH)₂⁺ on collector adsorption was more pronounced than that of AlOH²⁺, attributed to the better dispersion of the OL-Al(OH)₂ complex compared to the 2OL-AlOH complex. These findings provide new insights into the complexation between metals and anionic collectors, and improving the flotation effect of minerals through metal ions has significant potential for industrial applications.

金属离子被用来提高麝香石的浮选效率，但其潜在的提高机制仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们系统地研究了添加不同价态的金属离子（K+、Ca2+ 和 Al3+）对麝香石浮选的改善作用。浮选实验表明，加入 Ca2+ 和 Al3+ 后，黝帘石的回收率从约 10% 提高到 70% 以上，而加入 K+ 后，回收率则下降到不足 1%。傅立叶变换红外分光光度计（FT-IR）、接触角测试和 zeta 电位分析证实，与 K+、Ca2+ 和 Al3+ 结合后，麝香石的表面性质发生了显著变化。表面静电电位（ESP）结果表明，在这些金属离子存在的情况下，麝香石表面表现出正的静电电位，有利于捕收剂（NaOL）的吸附，提高了麝香石的浮选回收率。此外，分子动力学（MD）模拟表明，Al(OH)2+ 对捕收剂吸附的促进作用比 AlOH2+ 更明显，这归因于 OL-Al(OH)2 复合物比 2OL-AlOH 复合物具有更好的分散性。这些发现为金属与阴离子捕收剂之间的络合提供了新的见解，通过金属离子改善矿物的浮选效果在工业应用中具有巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Surface modification of hemimorphite via ammonium chloride and its response to flotation 通过氯化铵对赤铁矿进行表面改性及其对浮选的响应

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109020

This paper focused on the catalytic sulfidation of hemimorphite to examine the promotional effect of NH₄Cl on surface sulfidation and its impact on the flotation performance. The interaction mechanism between NH₄Cl and the hemimorphite surface in the sulfidation flotation system was clarified. Micro-flotation tests were conducted using the sulfidation-xanthate flotation method. Compared with direct sulfidation, adding 2.5 × 10⁻⁴ M ammonium chloride to the flotation system increased the maximum flotation recovery of hemimorphite by about 18 %. AFM and SEM-EDS analysis revealed that NH₄Cl dissolved the hemimorphite surface and destroyed its structure. This exposed more Zn sites and enhanced the sulfidation of the hemimorphite surface. FTIR spectroscopy indicated that adding NH₄Cl promoted the adsorption of xanthate components on the hemimorphite surface, which formed more hydrophobic substances. XPS analysis of the hemimorphite surface suggested that NH₄Cl complexed with Zn species on the hemimorphite surface, which enhanced the reactivity of HS⁻ and S²⁻, thus improving the floatability. Further ToF-SIMS analysis confirmed that catalytic sulfidation produced a thicker and denser ZnS layer on the hemimorphite surface. Its surface activity was superior to that obtained by direct sulfidation, showing that NH₄Cl improved sulfidation flotation performance of hemimorphite. DFT results confirmed that catalytic sulfidation can occur spontaneously·NH₃ species separated from the hemimorphite surface and returned to the solution, and stable Zn-S covalent bonds were formed on the hemimorphite surface. These results provide a potential method for promoting the recovery of zinc oxide minerals.

本文以半透明石的催化硫化为研究对象，探讨了NH4Cl对表面硫化的促进作用及其对浮选性能的影响。阐明了硫化浮选体系中 NH4Cl 与赤铁矿表面的相互作用机理。采用硫化-黄药浮选法进行了微浮选试验。与直接硫化法相比，在浮选系统中添加 2.5 × 10-4 M 氯化铵可使半透明岩的最大浮选回收率提高约 18%。原子力显微镜（AFM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM-EDS）分析表明，氯化铵溶解了半闪石表面并破坏了其结构。这暴露了更多的锌位点，增强了半闪石表面的硫化作用。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析表明，添加 NH4Cl 促进了半闪石表面对黄原酸盐成分的吸附，从而形成了更多的疏水性物质。对半透明石表面的 XPS 分析表明，NH4Cl 与半透明石表面的 Zn 物种络合，增强了 HS- 和 S2- 的反应活性，从而提高了可浮性。进一步的 ToF-SIMS 分析证实，催化硫化在半闪锌矿表面产生了更厚更致密的 ZnS 层。其表面活性优于直接硫化法，这表明 NH4Cl 提高了半闪石的硫化浮选性能。DFT 结果证实，催化硫化可自发发生--H3 物种从半晶石表面分离并返回溶液，在半晶石表面形成稳定的 Zn-S 共价键。这些结果为促进氧化锌矿物的回收提供了一种潜在的方法。

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引用次数: 0