Minerals Engineering最新文献_第5页

Investigation of the effect and mechanism on the flotation performance of alkylglycine-based collectors by acyl group 酰基对烷基甘氨酸基捕收剂浮选性能的影响及机理研究

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109061

Wenbao Liu , Ruiqi Ge , Lingyun Bao , Wengang Liu , Yanbai Shen , Sikai Zhao , Qiang Zhao

The structure difference of the flotation reagent has a significant influence on its flotation performance. In this work, sodium N-lauroyl glycinate (SNG) was synthesized by introducing an acyl group into sodium N-dodecylglycinate (SN), and was using the collector in the oxide ores flotation. Properties of these two collectors were compared, and the effects behavior and mechanism of introducing the acyl group on the flotation performance of alkylglycine-based collectors to the zinc oxide minerals were systematically investigated. Flotation results proved that the introduction of C = O group into SN barely affected the floatability of smithsonite, hemimorphite and calcite, while the floatability of quartz was greatly reduced. Contact angle tests, surface tension tests, and froth collapse measurements indicated that the introduction of the acyl group into SN could selectively weaken its ability to improve the hydrophobicity of mineral surfaces, reduce its surface tension, adsorption capacity and intensity on the mineral surface, and the froth stability, thereby enhancing its selectivity, consistent with the flotation results. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the introduction of the acyl group could increase the cross-sectional area and reduce the charge of the SNG polar groups to selectively weaken the adsorption interaction, particularly by significantly reducing the electrostatic adsorption between SNS and quartz surfaces. These also confirm that SNG is a promising highly selective collector for the flotation separation of zinc oxide minerals.

浮选试剂的结构差异对其浮选性能有很大影响。本研究通过在 N-十二烷基甘氨酸钠（SN）中引入酰基合成了 N-月桂酰甘氨酸钠（SNG），并将其作为氧化矿浮选的捕收剂。比较了这两种捕收剂的性质，并系统研究了引入酰基对烷基甘氨酸捕收剂浮选氧化锌矿物的影响行为和机理。浮选结果表明，在 SN 中引入 C = O 基团几乎不影响铁闪锌矿、半闪锌矿和方解石的可浮性，而石英的可浮性则大大降低。接触角测试、表面张力测试和泡沫塌落度测量结果表明，在 SN 中引入酰基可选择性地削弱其改善矿物表面疏水性的能力，降低其表面张力、在矿物表面的吸附能力和强度以及泡沫稳定性，从而增强其选择性，这与浮选结果一致。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析和密度泛函理论（DFT）计算显示，酰基的引入可以增加 SNG 极性基团的横截面积并降低其电荷，从而选择性地减弱吸附相互作用，特别是显著降低 SNS 与石英表面之间的静电吸附。这也证实了 SNG 是一种很有前途的高选择性捕收剂，可用于氧化锌矿物的浮选分离。

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引用次数: 0

A novel approach for microbial activity assessment in bioleaching. Towards to a standardised fast starting up protocol 生物沥滤中微生物活性评估的新方法。向标准化快速启动方案迈进

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109053

Blanca Perdigones, Pablo Ramírez, Alfonso Mazuelos

Biohydrometallurgy is a proven industrial method for extracting base metals from sulfidic ores with low-grade content and as a pre-treatment of Au ores. The lack of study of biological aspects related with microbial activity assessment makes it difficult to control and monitor these processes; and the multitude of experimental procedures described in the literature hinders cross-study comparisons among researchers. Experimental tools that allow a quick and reliable quantitative assessment of the iron oxidising capacity of the cells during the bioleaching process are needed. This work proposes monitoring microbial activity through a simple and reliable method based on the offline measurement of the Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR). The methodology allows to quantify the microbial activity evolution of a growing culture under no-limiting conditions. By this methodology, the maximum potential bioleaching rate of the culture at any time is determined, assessing the occurrence of a biological or chemical limitation. The results obtained reveals that whether due to Fe²⁺ or O₂ depletion, substrate availability significantly limits microbial activity. This aspect is key to assess a culture suitability for bioleaching bioreactor inoculation, preventing long lag phases. Furthermore, the methodology allows for quick disturbances correction, avoiding process shutdowns and enhances technological reliability of continuous bioleaching.

生物湿法冶金是一种行之有效的工业方法，用于从品位较低的硫化矿石中提取贱金属，也可作为金矿石的预处理方法。由于缺乏对与微生物活性评估相关的生物方面的研究，因此很难对这些过程进行控制和监测；文献中描述的大量实验程序阻碍了研究人员之间的交叉研究比较。我们需要一种实验工具，对生物浸出过程中细胞的铁氧化能力进行快速可靠的定量评估。本研究提出了一种基于离线测量氧气吸收率（OUR）的简单可靠的方法来监测微生物活动。该方法可以量化无限制条件下生长培养物的微生物活性变化。通过这种方法，可以确定培养物在任何时候的最大潜在生物浸出率，从而评估是否存在生物或化学限制。结果表明，无论是由于 Fe2+ 还是氧气耗竭，基质的可用性都极大地限制了微生物的活动。这对于评估培养物是否适合生物浸出生物反应器接种，防止出现长时间的滞后期至关重要。此外，该方法还能快速纠正干扰，避免工艺停工，提高连续生物浸出的技术可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Pentetic acid/ammonia cooperatively stabilizes Cu(II) as an efficient oxidant for green thiosulfate leaching of gold 戊乙酸/氨气协同稳定铜（II），作为硫代硫酸盐绿色浸金的高效氧化剂

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109043

Lei Hou , Alejandro López Valdivieso , Peng Chen , Nasriddinov Zamoniddin Zainiddinovich , Chunhui Wu , Shaoxian Song , Feifei Jia

Thiosulfate leaching is increasingly recognized as an environmentally sustainable alternative to cyanidation for extracting gold. One of the primary challenges in this field is identifying an effective stabilizer for the Cu(II) oxidant that simultaneously ensures efficient gold leaching and low thiosulfate consumption. This work introduces pentetic acid (DTPA) as a stabilizer for Cu(II) oxidant, forming a novel oxidation system based on the stable-chelated CuDTPA³⁻ complex. Comparative leaching using (NH₄)₂S₂O₃ and Na₂S₂O₃ highlight the beneficial role of ammonia (NH₃) in enhancing the oxidation capability of the stable CuDTPA³⁻ complex. The proposed mechanism suggests that NH₃ contributes to the formation of a mixed [Cu(DTPA)(NH₃)]³⁻ complex with enhanced chemical reactivity. Additionally, DTPA is shown to effectively maintain the stability of the leaching system, thereby improving gold leaching, reducing thiosulfate consumption, and mitigating passivation. Through precise parameters control, a satisfactory gold leaching from a pretreated gold concentrate achieved a high efficiency of 97.8 %, with a low (NH₄)₂S₂O₃ consumption (8.7 kg/t-ore). Furthermore, the actual operation process can be facile designed by using more cost-effective leaching chemicals such as Na₂S₂O₃ with a little addition of NH₄OH or various ammonium salts, like (NH₄)₂SO₄, CH₃COONH₄, and NH₄Cl. This study provides valuable insights for advancing the commercial viability of environmentally friendly gold leaching processes.

人们日益认识到，硫代硫酸盐浸出法是氰化法提取黄金的一种环境可持续替代方法。该领域的主要挑战之一是为 Cu（II）氧化剂找到一种有效的稳定剂，同时确保高效的金浸出和较低的硫代硫酸盐消耗。这项工作引入了戊乙酸（DTPA）作为铜（II）氧化剂的稳定剂，形成了一种基于稳定螯合 CuDTPA3- 复合物的新型氧化系统。使用 (NH4)2S2O3 和 Na2S2O3 进行的比较浸出凸显了氨（NH3）在增强稳定 CuDTPA3- 复合物氧化能力方面的有利作用。所提出的机理表明，NH3 有助于形成具有更强化学反应活性的混合[Cu(DTPA)(NH3)]3- 复合物。此外，DTPA 还能有效保持浸出系统的稳定性，从而提高金的浸出率、减少硫代硫酸盐的消耗并减轻钝化。通过精确的参数控制，预处理金精矿的金浸出效率高达 97.8%，(NH4)2S2O3 消耗量低（8.7 公斤/吨-孔），效果令人满意。此外，实际操作过程可以通过使用成本更低的浸出药剂（如添加少量 NH4OH 的 Na2S2O3 或各种铵盐，如 (NH4)2SO4、CH3COONH4 和 NH4Cl）来简化设计。这项研究为提高环保型金浸出工艺的商业可行性提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of different energy-based breakage distribution functions in population balance model of an industrial scale continuously operated wet stirred media mill 在工业规模连续运行的湿式搅拌介质磨机种群平衡模型中评估基于能量的不同破碎分布函数

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109054

O. Altun , A. Toprak , D. Altun , E. Bilgili

This study aimed at assessing various energy-based breakage distribution functions B_ij within the context of a population balance model (PBM) of copper ore milling in a wet stirred media mill (WSMM). First, drop weight impact tests were performed to determine the size distribution parameters, t_n. Second, various t_n models called t_n-fitted and t_n-regenerated approaches were used to fit experimental t_n, and their goodness-of-fits were compared. They were then used to construct the matrices of the cumulative breakage distributions, B_ij, of the PBM, while a power-law form of the specific breakage rate function, S_i, was assumed. By fitting the PBM to the product particle size distributions (PSDs) obtained under various rotor speeds, suspension volumetric flow rate, and solids content, we estimated the S_i parameters. Results suggest that except the Napier-Munn model, all t_n models fitted the experimental drop weight data reasonably well, which was reflected in the PBM fitting of the product PSDs. The PBM fits with B_ij constructed with the t_n-regenerated approach were more accurate than those with the t_n-fitted approach. The PBM was validated with additional tests that were not considered in the parameter estimation. Overall, we have established that the choice of t_n function and the methodology to determine B_ij can affect the PBM predictions of the WSMM process significantly.

本研究的目的是在湿式搅拌介质磨机（WSMM）中铜矿石研磨的种群平衡模型（PBM）中评估各种基于能量的破碎分布函数 Bij。首先，通过落重冲击试验确定粒度分布参数 tn。其次，使用称为 tn 拟合法和 tn 再生法的各种 tn 模型来拟合实验 tn，并比较了它们的拟合优度。然后，使用它们构建 PBM 的累积破损分布矩阵 Bij，同时假定特定破损率函数 Si 为幂律形式。通过将 PBM 与不同转子速度、悬浮液体积流量和固体含量下获得的产品粒度分布 (PSD) 进行拟合，我们估算出了 Si 参数。结果表明，除 Napier-Munn 模型外，所有 tn 模型都很好地拟合了实验中的液滴重量数据，这也反映在 PBM 对产品 PSD 的拟合中。与 tn 拟合方法相比，用 tn-再生方法构建的 PBM 与 Bij 的拟合更为精确。参数估计中未考虑的其他测试对 PBM 进行了验证。总之，我们已经确定，选择 tn 函数和确定 Bij 的方法会显著影响 WSMM 过程的 PBM 预测。

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引用次数: 0

Magnesiothermic reduction of beryllium fluoride: Reaction mechanism and kinetic study 氟化铍的镁热还原：反应机理和动力学研究

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109045

Qinghua Tian, Chao Wang, Dawei Yu, Zean Wang, Hao Li, Guohui Zhu, Hongxian Huan, Xueyi Guo

Beryllium (Be) is mainly produced by magnesiothermic reduction of beryllium fluoride (BeF₂). This research aims to improve the extraction rate of Be by investigating the reaction mechanism and kinetics during the magnesiothermic reduction of BeF₂. It was found that the solid product layer composed of MgF₂ and Be metal produced during the magnesiothermic reduction process is the main reason hindering the further improvement of the reduction rate. Kinetic study on the magnesiothermic reduction of BeF₂ shows that it was controlled by volume diffusion. An apparent activation energy of 66.01 kJ/mol was obtained for the magnesiothermic reduction in the temperature range of 850–950 °C. Aiming to extract Be from BeF₂ with a high efficiency, granular-shaped Mg (particle size 0.2–5 mm) and BeF₂ powder (particle size < 0.83 mm) were used as raw materials for magnesiothermic reduction at 900 °C for 30 min, protected using Ar atmosphere. This was followed by further heating to 1300 °C and holding for 10 min, and the highest extraction rate of Be was achieved at 90.1 wt% with the Be purity of 94.2 wt%.

铍（Be）主要通过氟化铍（BeF2）的镁热还原生成。本研究旨在通过研究镁热还原 BeF2 过程中的反应机理和动力学，提高铍的提取率。研究发现，镁热还原过程中产生的由 MgF2 和金属 Be 组成的固体产物层是阻碍进一步提高还原率的主要原因。对 BeF2 镁热还原的动力学研究表明，它受体积扩散控制。在 850-950 °C 的温度范围内，镁热还原的表观活化能为 66.01 kJ/mol。为了从 BeF2 中高效提取 Be，以粒状 Mg（粒径 0.2-5 mm）和 BeF2 粉末（粒径 < 0.83 mm）为原料，在氩气保护下于 900 °C 下进行镁热还原 30 分钟。随后进一步加热至 1300 °C，保温 10 分钟，Be 的最高萃取率达到 90.1 wt%，Be 的纯度为 94.2 wt%。

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引用次数: 0

Causes of failures in vibrating screens: A literature review 振动筛故障原因：文献综述

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109027

Thiago Bento Linhares , Alexandre da Silva Scari , Claysson Bruno Santos Vimieiro

In industrial contexts, the stratification of materials by size is a common requirement, particularly in sectors such as food production, construction, and mineral extraction. Vibrating screens, which have been in use for over a century, play a crucial role in this process by applying forced vibration to classify materials according to particle size. In mineral processing facilities, these screens are essential, operating under demanding conditions and heavy loads. This paper focuses on vibrating screens used for the particle size separation of iron ore and quarry rocks. Given these operational challenges, this equipment is prone to various structural and mechanical failures, including cracks, bearing malfunctions, and universal joint issues. This study, a collaborative effort between a machinery manufacturer and mining companies, identifies the main causes of failures in vibrating screens, highlighting deficiencies in design and manufacturing processes as well as lapses in operational and maintenance practices. Recognizing the significant impact that a vibrating screen’s maintenance shutdown can have on an entire mineral processing facility, the paper emphasizes failure prevention and aims to contribute to improved maintenance practices in industries, with the goal of enhancing operational efficiency and reducing losses.

在工业领域，按粒度对物料进行分层是一种常见的要求，尤其是在食品生产、建筑和矿物开采等行业。振动筛已经使用了一个多世纪，通过强制振动将物料按粒度分级，在这一过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。在矿物加工设施中，这些振动筛在苛刻的条件和重负荷下工作，是必不可少的。本文重点介绍用于铁矿石和采石场岩石粒度分离的振动筛。鉴于这些操作挑战，这种设备很容易出现各种结构和机械故障，包括裂缝、轴承故障和万向节问题。这项由机械制造商和矿业公司合作开展的研究确定了振动筛出现故障的主要原因，突出强调了设计和制造过程中的缺陷以及操作和维护实践中的失误。由于认识到振动筛停机维护会对整个矿物加工设施产生重大影响，该论文强调了故障预防，旨在为改进行业维护实践做出贡献，从而达到提高运营效率和减少损失的目的。

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引用次数: 0

Kinetic study of dry magnetic separation based on Gauss-Maxwell magnetic stress tensor: A 3D finite element method (FEM) 基于高斯-麦克斯韦磁应力张量的干式磁选动力学研究：三维有限元法 (FEM)

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109049

Zhongyun Lei , Jujian Yan , Yinan Xie , Liheng Yang , Qian Wang , Jiangang Ku

In this paper, two artificial magnetic particles (1#, 2#) with known magnetic parameters were taken as the objects, a finite element model based on Gauss’s law was established for the calculation of the transient Maxwell magnetic stress tensor on the surfaces of particles and kinetic study, a high-speed camera was used to obtain the motion behaviors of magnetic particles in comparison with the simulation. According to the results of multiple simulation-experiment comparisons, the motion behaviors of magnetic particles in the finite element simulation were consistent with experimental phenomena under the identical conditions, indicated that the accuracy of the model is reliable. In the comparison of two kinds of magnetic force calculations, the magnetic force F_M based on the Gaussian formula had a similar tendency to F_D based on the kinetic calculations, and since the F_M was obtained by converting the surface tension of particles, it more accurately reflected the overall magnetic force and magnetic torque acting on the particles. Kinetic analysis showed that the magnetic force acting on a particle was strictly dependent on its magnetization, dynamic and non-uniform magnetization caused the magnetic particle to be subjected to magnetic force and magnetic torque in the non-uniform magnetic field, resulting in displacements and flips. In addition, compared to the particle release attitude, the influence of the distribution of magnetic substance and the particle’s release position on the displacement was particularly significant. The 3D finite element model established for dry magnetic separation can be further used for the study of dynamic, non-uniform magnetization and the force of magnetic particle or grain groups, which is of certain significance for the kinetic study of magnetic separation and improving research of magnetic separation equipment.

本文以两个已知磁性参数的人工磁性粒子（1#、2#）为研究对象，建立了基于高斯定律的有限元模型，用于粒子表面瞬态麦克斯韦磁应力张量的计算和动力学研究，并利用高速摄像仪获得了磁性粒子的运动行为与模拟结果的对比。根据多次模拟与实验对比的结果，有限元模拟中磁粉的运动行为与相同条件下的实验现象一致，表明模型的精度是可靠的。在两种磁力计算的比较中，基于高斯公式的磁力 FM 与基于动力学计算的磁力 FD 有相似的趋势，由于 FM 是通过换算粒子的表面张力得到的，因此更准确地反映了作用在粒子上的整体磁力和磁力矩。动力学分析表明，作用在粒子上的磁力严格依赖于粒子的磁化，动态的非均匀磁化使磁性粒子在非均匀磁场中受到磁力和磁力矩的作用，从而产生位移和翻转。此外，与磁粉的释放姿态相比，磁性物质的分布和磁粉的释放位置对位移的影响尤为显著。建立的干法磁选三维有限元模型可进一步用于动态、非均匀磁化和磁粉或晶粒团受力的研究，对磁选动力学研究和磁选设备的改进研究具有一定意义。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism of selectivity of tri-n-octylmethylammonium chloride for vanadium 三正辛基甲基氯化铵对钒的选择机理

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109052

Zhekun Yu, Tao Liu, Yimin Zhang, Pengcheng Hu, Hong Liu, Ye He

Ionic liquid (IL)-based extraction is a promising and environmentally benign separation technology. Processes for quaternary ammonium-based IL extraction of vanadium have been extensively studied, but the vanadium extraction mechanism has not been accurately confirmed. This study investigated vanadium extraction from sulphuric acid leachate of shale by solvent extraction with tri-n-octylmethylammonium chloride (TOMAC/CH₃NClR₃). The results indicated that 90.50 % of the vanadium extraction percentage comprised one stage under the optimal condition experiments. These experiments were carried out at pH 1.8; the IL phase consisted of 25 vol% TOMAC, 15 vol% TBP, and 60 vol% sulfonated kerosene; O/A phase ratio of 1:7.5; extraction time of 120 s. The forms of vanadium and impurities present were revealed by the solution chemistry, Medusa software simulation. The extraction mechanism of vanadium was investigated using ultraviolet spec-trophotometer (UV–Vis), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and hotometer matrix-assisted laser-resolved ionization time-of-flight mass spectra (MALDI-TOF-MS). Under extraction conditions at pH 1.8, vanadium was present as an anion in the form H₂V₁₀O4- 28 and HV₁₀O5- 28. Since the extraction mechanism of TOMAC was anion exchange, the extracted vanadium was mainly present as the anionic complex [(CH₃NR₃)₄·H₂V₁₀O4- 28]/[(CH₃NR₃)₅·HV₁₀O5- 28]. The ESP map of TOMAC and V (V) was calculated to confirm the reaction sites and was used to verify the anion exchange mechanism.

基于离子液体（IL）的萃取是一种前景广阔且对环境无害的分离技术。基于季铵的离子液体萃取钒的工艺已被广泛研究，但钒的萃取机理尚未得到准确证实。本研究考察了用三正辛基甲基氯化铵（TOMAC/CH3NClR3）溶剂萃取页岩硫酸浸出液中的钒。结果表明，在最佳条件实验中，90.50%的钒萃取率是由一个阶段组成的。这些实验在 pH 值为 1.8 的条件下进行；IL 相由 25 Vol% 的 TOMAC、15 Vol% 的 TBP 和 60 Vol% 的磺化煤油组成；O/A 相的比例为 1:7.5；萃取时间为 120 秒。利用紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、核磁共振光谱（NMR）和热计基质辅助激光分辨飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）研究了钒的萃取机理。在 pH 值为 1.8 的萃取条件下，钒以 H2V10O4- 28 和 HV10O5- 28 的阴离子形式存在。由于 TOMAC 的萃取机制是阴离子交换，因此萃取出的钒主要以阴离子络合物 [(CH3NR3)4-H2V10O4- 28]/[(CH3NR3)5-HV10O5- 28] 的形式存在。通过计算 TOMAC 和 V (V) 的 ESP 图，确认了反应位点，并用于验证阴离子交换机制。

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引用次数: 0

Review on comprehensive utilization of nickel laterite ore 红土镍矿综合利用综述

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109044

Qinglong Fan , Shuai Yuan , Jing Wen , Jiahao He

With the rise of the new energy battery industry, the demand and processing volume of nickel laterite ore—a crucial source of nickel for electrode materials—have steadily increased. This paper systematically reviews the traditional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes used to extract valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, magnesium, and iron from nickel laterite ore, and briefly discusses the resource utilization of acid leaching residues and ferronickel slag. Finally, it provides an outlook on future trends in nickel laterite ore processing technologies. In hydrometallurgical processes, the simultaneous leaching of impurity elements poses challenges for the recovery of nickel and cobalt, making the efficient and comprehensive recovery of valuable elements a key research focus, with iron extraction from acid leaching residues being a critical strategy. Pyrometallurgical processes face disadvantages in terms of environmental impact and energy consumption. Thus, the future development of pyrometallurgical processes should prioritize energy conservation and emission reduction. The use of renewable resources (such as biomass) and clean energy (such as hydrogen) shows promising potential. In the production of ferronickel or nickel matte, the use of additives can enhance the reduction process but significantly increases slag generation, necessitating effective strategies for resource recovery and utilization.

随着新能源电池产业的兴起，红土镍矿--电极材料的重要镍来源--的需求量和加工量稳步增长。本文系统回顾了从红土镍矿中提取镍、钴、镁和铁等有价金属的传统湿法冶金和火法冶金工艺，并简要讨论了酸浸渣和镍铁渣的资源化利用。最后，报告对红土镍矿加工技术的未来趋势进行了展望。在湿法冶金工艺中，杂质元素的同时浸出给镍和钴的回收带来了挑战，因此高效、全面地回收有价元素成为研究重点，而从酸浸渣中提取铁则是一项关键策略。火法冶金工艺在环境影响和能源消耗方面存在劣势。因此，火法冶金工艺的未来发展应优先考虑节能减排。可再生资源（如生物质）和清洁能源（如氢气）的使用显示出巨大的潜力。在镍铁或镍锍的生产过程中，添加剂的使用可以增强还原过程，但会大大增加熔渣的产生，因此需要采取有效的资源回收和利用战略。

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引用次数: 0

Validation of a population balance model for iron ore dry grinding at the IJmuiden pelletizing plant 验证伊茹迈登球团厂铁矿石干磨的物料平衡模型

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109019

Tako P.R. de Jong

The dry closed circuit ball mill circuits of Tata Steel’s pelletizing plant in IJmuiden receive a variable mixture of ores to produce a dry ground iron ore mixture. A population balance model was developed to help study circuit unit performance, the impact of installation modifications and influence of input materials on the performance of the circuits. Batch grinding tests were done on input materials, measuring size distribution as function of time using high resolution laser diffraction measurements. Data from the tests were fitted to a breakage and selection function model as well as a cumulative rate model. A population mass balance model of the circuit was developed based on the breakage and selection function model, as it showed a better fit to the batch data for the majority of materials. The circuit model also incorporates a mill model and model for the various classifier stages. The circuits were sampled at various locations in the flow sheet, showing fair overall agreement with model calculations. Differences between model and observations are highlighted and improvements in the modelling technique as well as the sampling discussed.

塔塔钢铁公司位于 IJmuiden 的球团厂的干式闭路球磨机回路接收各种矿石混合物，以生产干磨铁矿石混合物。我们开发了一个物料平衡模型，以帮助研究回路单元性能、安装改造的影响以及输入物料对回路性能的影响。对输入材料进行了批量研磨试验，使用高分辨率激光衍射测量法测量粒度分布与时间的函数关系。测试数据与破碎和选择功能模型以及累积率模型相匹配。在破碎和选择功能模型的基础上开发了一个回路质量平衡模型，因为该模型对大多数材料的批次数据显示出更好的拟合效果。回路模型还包括一个磨机模型和各分级阶段的模型。在流程表的不同位置对回路进行了取样，结果显示与模型计算结果的总体吻合度较高。模型和观察结果之间的差异得到了强调，并讨论了建模技术和取样方面的改进。

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