Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1007/s11663-024-03215-x
Tinghe Qiao, Shuang Wang, Rui Guan, Xiaolei Zhu, Xingang Ai, Ji Yang, Shengli Li
As a typical metallurgical defect, macrosegregation seriously affects the internal quality of the continuous casting billet, and it cannot be solved by processes such as high-temperature diffusion and rolling. For continuous casting billet, the solidification shrinkage and thermal shrinkage of the microstructure directly affect the macrosegregation defect. In order to reveal the effects of solidification shrinkage and thermal shrinkage on the melt flow, microstructure distribution, and solute segregation, a multiphase solidification model based on the Eulerian–Eulerian approach was established in this work. The growth behaviors of the columnar dendrite trunk and the columnar dendrite tip were fully considered, as well as the nucleation, growth, free migration of equiaxed grains, and the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET). Besides, the corresponding relationship between the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) and the cooling rate has also been taken into account in the model, which makes the net mass transport source term of the mass conservation equations more accurate. The calculation results show that when no any shrinkage behavior is considered in the model, the melt flow velocity in front of the solidification end will gradually decrease until it is the same as the casting speed, and the segregation index at the billet center will gradually increase until it reaches the maximum value at the solidification end. Both thermal shrinkage and solidification shrinkage can generate a negative pressure zone in the billet center, sucking the poor-solute melt located the upstream of continuous casting strand flows towards the solidification end, and mixing with the enriched-solute melt before the solidification end, thereby inhibiting macrosegregation. However, compared with the solidification shrinkage, the effect of thermal shrinkage on reducing the positive segregation index in the billet center is limited.
{"title":"A Numerical Investigation into the Effect of Thermal Shrinkage and Solidification Shrinkage on the Microstructure and Macrosegregation for Continuous Casting Billet","authors":"Tinghe Qiao, Shuang Wang, Rui Guan, Xiaolei Zhu, Xingang Ai, Ji Yang, Shengli Li","doi":"10.1007/s11663-024-03215-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-024-03215-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a typical metallurgical defect, macrosegregation seriously affects the internal quality of the continuous casting billet, and it cannot be solved by processes such as high-temperature diffusion and rolling. For continuous casting billet, the solidification shrinkage and thermal shrinkage of the microstructure directly affect the macrosegregation defect. In order to reveal the effects of solidification shrinkage and thermal shrinkage on the melt flow, microstructure distribution, and solute segregation, a multiphase solidification model based on the Eulerian–Eulerian approach was established in this work. The growth behaviors of the columnar dendrite trunk and the columnar dendrite tip were fully considered, as well as the nucleation, growth, free migration of equiaxed grains, and the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET). Besides, the corresponding relationship between the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) and the cooling rate has also been taken into account in the model, which makes the net mass transport source term of the mass conservation equations more accurate. The calculation results show that when no any shrinkage behavior is considered in the model, the melt flow velocity in front of the solidification end will gradually decrease until it is the same as the casting speed, and the segregation index at the billet center will gradually increase until it reaches the maximum value at the solidification end. Both thermal shrinkage and solidification shrinkage can generate a negative pressure zone in the billet center, sucking the poor-solute melt located the upstream of continuous casting strand flows towards the solidification end, and mixing with the enriched-solute melt before the solidification end, thereby inhibiting macrosegregation. However, compared with the solidification shrinkage, the effect of thermal shrinkage on reducing the positive segregation index in the billet center is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":18613,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141717680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1007/s11663-024-03151-w
Jiangmei Yi, Shuai Li, Wenyu Yang, Yujunyao Wang, Haocheng Hu, Hua Meng, Ye Wang
{"title":"Study on Strengthening the Crystallization Process of Removing F and P from Phosphogypsum Produced by Dihydrate–Hemihydrate Wet Process","authors":"Jiangmei Yi, Shuai Li, Wenyu Yang, Yujunyao Wang, Haocheng Hu, Hua Meng, Ye Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11663-024-03151-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-024-03151-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18613,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1007/s11663-024-03199-8
Qiaoyu Zheng, Wei Zhang, Kui Li, Bo Feng, Chang Gan, Henrik Saxén
{"title":"A Comprehensive Study on Determination of Kinetic Parameters of Ironmaking Ores Reduced by Hydrogen: Reduction Below 570 °C","authors":"Qiaoyu Zheng, Wei Zhang, Kui Li, Bo Feng, Chang Gan, Henrik Saxén","doi":"10.1007/s11663-024-03199-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-024-03199-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18613,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141646948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1007/s11663-024-03206-y
Masoud Khani, Habib Ale Ebrahim, Sajjad Habibzadeh
Abstract
In this work, the random pore model (RPM) is utilized for the kinetic study of hematite reduction to Iron with CO. This can significantly contribute to the more effective design of reduction reactors in Iron production plants. Indeed, the developed RPM in this work employs a real pore size distribution (PSD) of the solid reactant, resulting in more realistic and accurate kinetic parameters. Accordingly, the kinetic parameters were calculated via RPM using the data from the reduction experiments of a highly porous pure hematite pellet. Validation of such kinetic parameters by different pure hematite and industrial pellets with various porous structures demonstrated RPM as the most comprehensive non-catalytic gas–solid reactions model. The activation energy obtained for the mentioned reaction was calculated at 25.5 kJ/mol. In addition, oxygen ions showed a mean diffusion coefficient of 1.18 × 10−16 m2/s for the industrial pellets through the Iron product layer. Furthermore, the importance of adjusting the CO–CO2 ratio on the conversion in the reduction reactor was discussed. The results of this work could help reduce the amount of required CO and CO2 product during the reduction of hematite to Iron.