Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230821143410
S. Batool, Laiba Asim, Jin Zhang, Fawad Raffaq Qureshi, R. Saleem
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the deadliest viruses among respiratory viruses which resulted in COVID-19 pandemic. The virus gets transmitted by the nasal route and moves down to the trachea, bronchi, and then to the lungs. Once replicated inside the alveolar cells, the SARS-CoV-2 makes the membrane of the alveolar sac porous, which causes the leaking of plasma from surrounding blood vessels into the alveolar sac leading to its buildup. This process results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by the helper T-cells at the site of the infection, causing difficulty in breathing. Plant-based alkaloids can be promising to treat viral infections. Plants have contributed to drug development against viruses like Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), and viruses that cause respiratory diseases in humans. Plant alkaloids, either in the form of extract, infusion, or powder, have shown potential in treating viral diseases mainly by targeting the replication of viruses. Alkaloids like Tetrandrine, Oxymatrine, and Berberine have been shown to have a positive role in mediating pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1. These alkaloids thus inactivate the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) pathway, inhibiting the expression of its targeted genes, IL-1β and TNF-α. This inactivation of NF-kB results in reduced levels of IL-1 and TNF-α, and consequently reduced inflammation, decreasing the stress on the immune cells and increasing the ability of the patient to fight the infection. Despite vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2, the virus is continuously evolving into new varieties, posing a threat to humans and it is necessary to develop effective drug discovery programs. Natural products can pave the way in this regard. This review can contribute towards safer drug development against SARS-CoV-2, combating the threat of the ever-emerging variants of this virus.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)是导致COVID-19大流行的呼吸道病毒中最致命的病毒之一。病毒通过鼻腔传播，向下移动到气管、支气管，然后进入肺部。一旦在肺泡细胞内复制，SARS-CoV-2就会使肺泡囊的膜多孔，从而导致血浆从周围血管渗漏到肺泡囊中，导致肺泡囊积聚。这一过程导致感染部位的辅助t细胞产生促炎细胞因子，如白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)，导致呼吸困难。植物生物碱有望治疗病毒感染。植物对对抗单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)和导致人类呼吸道疾病的病毒等病毒的药物开发做出了贡献。植物生物碱主要通过靶向病毒的复制来治疗病毒性疾病，无论是提取物、输液还是粉末形式。生物碱如粉防己碱、氧化苦参碱和小檗碱已被证明在介导IL-1等促炎细胞因子方面具有积极作用。这些生物碱因此使核因子κ b (NF-kB)通路失活，抑制其靶基因IL-1β和TNF-α的表达。NF-kB的失活导致IL-1和TNF-α水平降低，从而减少炎症，减少免疫细胞的压力，提高患者抵抗感染的能力。尽管开发了针对SARS-CoV-2的疫苗，但该病毒不断演变成新品种，对人类构成威胁，因此有必要制定有效的药物开发计划。天然产品可以在这方面铺平道路。这一综述有助于开发针对SARS-CoV-2的更安全的药物，对抗这种病毒不断出现的变种的威胁。
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory alkaloids targeting IL-1 against Respiratory Viral infections: A Special insight into drug development against SARS-CoV 2","authors":"S. Batool, Laiba Asim, Jin Zhang, Fawad Raffaq Qureshi, R. Saleem","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230821143410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230821143410","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the deadliest viruses among respiratory viruses which resulted in COVID-19 pandemic. The virus gets transmitted by the nasal route and moves down to the trachea, bronchi, and then to the lungs. Once replicated inside the alveolar cells, the SARS-CoV-2 makes the membrane of the alveolar sac porous, which causes the leaking of plasma from surrounding blood vessels into the alveolar sac leading to its buildup. This process results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by the helper T-cells at the site of the infection, causing difficulty in breathing. Plant-based alkaloids can be promising to treat viral infections. Plants have contributed to drug development against viruses like Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), and viruses that cause respiratory diseases in humans. Plant alkaloids, either in the form of extract, infusion, or powder, have shown potential in treating viral diseases mainly by targeting the replication of viruses. Alkaloids like Tetrandrine, Oxymatrine, and Berberine have been shown to have a positive role in mediating pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1. These alkaloids thus inactivate the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) pathway, inhibiting the expression of its targeted genes, IL-1β and TNF-α. This inactivation of NF-kB results in reduced levels of IL-1 and TNF-α, and consequently reduced inflammation, decreasing the stress on the immune cells and increasing the ability of the patient to fight the infection. Despite vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2, the virus is continuously evolving into new varieties, posing a threat to humans and it is necessary to develop effective drug discovery programs. Natural products can pave the way in this regard. This review can contribute towards safer drug development against SARS-CoV-2, combating the threat of the ever-emerging variants of this virus.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41807009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230821102422
Debapratim Das, Partha Pratim Das
Abstract: 2-Oxindole unit is one of the most important scaffolds found in several alkaloids, natural products, antitumor agents, pharmaceutically important compounds, etc. Molecules containing the 2-oxindole moiety were first isolated from the cat claw plant, widely distributed in the Amazon jungle. It has now been demonstrated that these molecules are present in a wide range of chemicals derived from plant sources. The capacity of 2-oxindole to be altered by various chemical groups to provide unique biological activities can be attributed to its function as a chemical framework for creating and devel-oping biological medications. Since the development of its first synthetic methodology, several re-search groups have developed protocols for producing 2-oxindole core and its bioactive derivatives. These include the traditional method and the transition/non-transition metal-catalyzed pathway for the synthesis of C3-non-substituted/C3-mono-substituted/C3-di-substituted core. Among those, C3-substitution-free 2-oxindole core synthesis is quite a challenging task, as C3-centre is very reactive. Syntheses of C3-substitution-free 2-oxindole cores have been less explored compared to other substi-tuted 2-oxindole derivatives. In this review article, we have mainly focused on showcasing the transi-tion metal-catalyzed synthetic methodology for the synthesis of 2-oxindoles with no substitution at C3-centre.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Transition Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of C3-Substitution-free 2-Oxindole Derivatives","authors":"Debapratim Das, Partha Pratim Das","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230821102422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230821102422","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: 2-Oxindole unit is one of the most important scaffolds found in several alkaloids, natural products, antitumor agents, pharmaceutically important compounds, etc. Molecules containing the 2-oxindole moiety were first isolated from the cat claw plant, widely distributed in the Amazon jungle. It has now been demonstrated that these molecules are present in a wide range of chemicals derived from plant sources. The capacity of 2-oxindole to be altered by various chemical groups to provide unique biological activities can be attributed to its function as a chemical framework for creating and devel-oping biological medications. Since the development of its first synthetic methodology, several re-search groups have developed protocols for producing 2-oxindole core and its bioactive derivatives. These include the traditional method and the transition/non-transition metal-catalyzed pathway for the synthesis of C3-non-substituted/C3-mono-substituted/C3-di-substituted core. Among those, C3-substitution-free 2-oxindole core synthesis is quite a challenging task, as C3-centre is very reactive. Syntheses of C3-substitution-free 2-oxindole cores have been less explored compared to other substi-tuted 2-oxindole derivatives. In this review article, we have mainly focused on showcasing the transi-tion metal-catalyzed synthetic methodology for the synthesis of 2-oxindoles with no substitution at C3-centre.","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135876008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230815143007
Sapna Jain
Heterocyclic compounds are amongst the most promising and versatile classes of biologically important molecules. One of the heterocycle molecules is pyrazole with a five-membered heterocyclic ring with two neighboring nitrogen. Pyrazole and its derivatives have shown a broad range of biological applications like antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, and herbicidal activities. The study of synthetic routes suggests three broad ways: cyclo-condensation of hydrazine and its derivatives on 1,3 difunctional systems, dipolar cycloadditions, and multicomponent reactions. The synthesis of pyrazoles involves the usage of a conventional catalyst and more progressive and efficient nanoparticles as catalysts. The use of nanocatalysts is grabbing the attention of researchers owing to their more efficacy and reproducibility, low cost, reusability, ease of production, etc. The current review is an epigrammatic study on the importance of pyrazole as a biologically important moiety, recent advances in the three aforementioned routes to synthesize pyrazole and its derivatives, and a brief on the importance of nanocatalysts.
{"title":"Epigrammatic Review on Heterocyclic Moiety Pyrazole: Applications and Synthesis Routes","authors":"Sapna Jain","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230815143007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230815143007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Heterocyclic compounds are amongst the most promising and versatile classes of biologically important molecules. One of the heterocycle molecules is pyrazole with a five-membered heterocyclic ring with two neighboring nitrogen. Pyrazole and its derivatives have shown a broad range of biological applications like antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, and herbicidal activities. The study of synthetic routes suggests three broad ways: cyclo-condensation of hydrazine and its derivatives on 1,3 difunctional systems, dipolar cycloadditions, and multicomponent reactions. The synthesis of pyrazoles involves the usage of a conventional catalyst and more progressive and efficient nanoparticles as catalysts. The use of nanocatalysts is grabbing the attention of researchers owing to their more efficacy and reproducibility, low cost, reusability, ease of production, etc. The current review is an epigrammatic study on the importance of pyrazole as a biologically important moiety, recent advances in the three aforementioned routes to synthesize pyrazole and its derivatives, and a brief on the importance of nanocatalysts.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49125815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230801101427
Yang Yang, Junan Guo, Lanhua Shen, Jingyi Li, Fuan Li, Sifan Wang
Tetrahydroisoquinoline natural products are a kind of alkaloids containing various pharmacological activities. These structurally diverse alkaloids mainly consist of two subclasses, monotetrahydroisoquinolines(MTHI) and bistetrahydroisoquinolines(BTHI). Since its family member, Ecteinascidin-743 (INN: Trabectedin, trade name: Yondelis® ), has been approved by European Union in 2007 and the FDA in 2015 for the treatment of advanced soft tissue tumors, the research on this kind of natural product is full of new vitality. Quinocarcin and lemonomycin share a common diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane framework that belongs to the subclass of MTHI, and their excellent antitumor activity and challenging architecture have made them an ideal target for total synthesis. In this short review, the progress in the total synthesis of quinocarcin and lemonomycin is summarized.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Total Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids Quinocarcin and Lemonomycin","authors":"Yang Yang, Junan Guo, Lanhua Shen, Jingyi Li, Fuan Li, Sifan Wang","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230801101427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230801101427","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Tetrahydroisoquinoline natural products are a kind of alkaloids containing various pharmacological activities. These structurally diverse alkaloids mainly consist of two subclasses, monotetrahydroisoquinolines(MTHI) and bistetrahydroisoquinolines(BTHI). Since its family member, Ecteinascidin-743 (INN: Trabectedin, trade name: Yondelis® ), has been approved by European Union in 2007 and the FDA in 2015 for the treatment of advanced soft tissue tumors, the research on this kind of natural product is full of new vitality. Quinocarcin and lemonomycin share a common diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane framework that belongs to the subclass of MTHI, and their excellent antitumor activity and challenging architecture have made them an ideal target for total synthesis. In this short review, the progress in the total synthesis of quinocarcin and lemonomycin is summarized.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42508288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230725103217
I. Sterkhova, B. Shainyan
This review focuses on studying hydrogen bonds in triflamide derivatives, the supramolecular structures formed in a crystal, solution, and gas phase, and the relationship between structural, spectral data and quantum chemical calculation data.
{"title":"Hydrogen bonding in triflamide and its derivatives","authors":"I. Sterkhova, B. Shainyan","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230725103217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230725103217","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This review focuses on studying hydrogen bonds in triflamide derivatives, the supramolecular structures formed in a crystal, solution, and gas phase, and the relationship between structural, spectral data and quantum chemical calculation data.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49536018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230718115115
A. Fulke, Avinash Awashank, Supriya Tilvi
In-depth research is being carried out on mangrove communities, which are regarded as significant habitats for biodiversity, in order to find novel secondary metabolites with useful pharmaceutical and medicinal uses. According to a growing number of articles that point to the enormous potential of this ecological niche, mangrove-associated fungi are acknowledged as a rich source of bioactive chemicals. The fungi Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Fusarium sp., which are isolated from the plant's leaves, rhizosphere, rhizospheres’ soil, and pneumatophore, are mangrove-associated and derived, according to this review. The secondary metabolites produced by fungi originating from mangroves, including alkaloids and polyketides, are discussed in this research, along with how these fungi are the source of bioactive chemicals with potent bioactivities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, and anticancer properties.
{"title":"Alkaloids and Polyketides from Mangrove Associated Fungi viz. Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp.: A review","authors":"A. Fulke, Avinash Awashank, Supriya Tilvi","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230718115115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230718115115","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In-depth research is being carried out on mangrove communities, which are regarded as significant habitats for biodiversity, in order to find novel secondary metabolites with useful pharmaceutical and medicinal uses. According to a growing number of articles that point to the enormous potential of this ecological niche, mangrove-associated fungi are acknowledged as a rich source of bioactive chemicals. The fungi Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Fusarium sp., which are isolated from the plant's leaves, rhizosphere, rhizospheres’ soil, and pneumatophore, are mangrove-associated and derived, according to this review. The secondary metabolites produced by fungi originating from mangroves, including alkaloids and polyketides, are discussed in this research, along with how these fungi are the source of bioactive chemicals with potent bioactivities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, and anticancer properties.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42944977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230711170721
M. Asif, Saad Alghamdi, Ahmed Kabrah, E. B. Khidir, Issa Saad Al-Moraya
Heterocyclic compounds are the most common and diverse group of organic substances. Heterocyclic compounds are rapidly increasing in number as a result of intensive synthetic research as well as their value in other synthetic procedures. More than 90% of medications contain heterocyclic rings, and a wide range of medicinal chemistry applications make use of these substances. There are always unique characteristics of an efficient approach for creating newly discovered heterocyclic compounds and their moieties. Due to their biological effects, including those that are anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-allergic, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticonvulsant, heterocyclic compounds are crucial to medicinal chemistry. Today's world population is generally suffering from various neurodegenerative diseases. Out of that, the most prevailing disease is Alzheimer's. There are many causes of Alzheimer's disease-like acetylcholinesterase enzyme, tau protein, amyloid aggregation, oxidative stress, phosphodiesterase, and others. In these cases, oxidative stress plays a very important role in the progression of this disease. To combat this oxidative stress various antioxidant-derived drugs have been used but the problem is that Alzheimer's progression cannot be targeted with a single target drug because of the other factors that are involved in its progression. So to overcome that, a drug targeting multiple targets has been synthesized by using the antioxidant in previous reports. These drugs are more potent and efficacious than single-target drugs. This review focused on various multi-target ligands to target oxidative stress.
{"title":"Diverse Heterocyclic Molecules Targeting Oxidative Stress as Therapeutic Effects Against Various Neurological Diseases","authors":"M. Asif, Saad Alghamdi, Ahmed Kabrah, E. B. Khidir, Issa Saad Al-Moraya","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230711170721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230711170721","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Heterocyclic compounds are the most common and diverse group of organic substances. Heterocyclic compounds are rapidly increasing in number as a result of intensive synthetic research as well as their value in other synthetic procedures. More than 90% of medications contain heterocyclic rings, and a wide range of medicinal chemistry applications make use of these substances. There are always unique characteristics of an efficient approach for creating newly discovered heterocyclic compounds and their moieties. Due to their biological effects, including those that are anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-allergic, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticonvulsant, heterocyclic compounds are crucial to medicinal chemistry. Today's world population is generally suffering from various neurodegenerative diseases. Out of that, the most prevailing disease is Alzheimer's. There are many causes of Alzheimer's disease-like acetylcholinesterase enzyme, tau protein, amyloid aggregation, oxidative stress, phosphodiesterase, and others. In these cases, oxidative stress plays a very important role in the progression of this disease. To combat this oxidative stress various antioxidant-derived drugs have been used but the problem is that Alzheimer's progression cannot be targeted with a single target drug because of the other factors that are involved in its progression. So to overcome that, a drug targeting multiple targets has been synthesized by using the antioxidant in previous reports. These drugs are more potent and efficacious than single-target drugs. This review focused on various multi-target ligands to target oxidative stress.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48495947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230707140919
Ning Chen, Bing-jing Liu, Yuxin Wang, Chenxue Li, Jintong Zhao, Ting Li
Diphenyl ethers (DPEs) are mainly produced by microorganisms and plants. The chemical structure of DPEs is relatively simple, and all of these compounds have the structure of biphenyl ethers in their chemical structure, the difference being the difference in the substituents on the benzene ring. Several recent studies have shown antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, antitumor, antihemolytic, neuroprotective, and anti-Alzheimer effects. DPEs could be candidate compounds for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, by inhibiting the aggregation of Aβ42. Many DPEs from natural products exhibit good biological activity and they play an important role in the control of microbial infections. Diphenyl ethers have a wide range of applications and research value in the fields of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, textiles, household products, and public health. In this paper, we review the research progress of diphenyl ethers isolated from marine and plant endophytic sources in recent years, including their biosynthesis, and lay the foundation for further utilization and development.
{"title":"Diphenyl ethers: Isolation, Bioactivities and Biosynthesis","authors":"Ning Chen, Bing-jing Liu, Yuxin Wang, Chenxue Li, Jintong Zhao, Ting Li","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230707140919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230707140919","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Diphenyl ethers (DPEs) are mainly produced by microorganisms and plants. The chemical structure of DPEs is relatively simple, and all of these compounds have the structure of biphenyl ethers in their chemical structure, the difference being the difference in the substituents on the benzene ring. Several recent studies have shown antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, antitumor, antihemolytic, neuroprotective, and anti-Alzheimer effects. DPEs could be candidate compounds for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, by inhibiting the aggregation of Aβ42. Many DPEs from natural products exhibit good biological activity and they play an important role in the control of microbial infections. Diphenyl ethers have a wide range of applications and research value in the fields of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, textiles, household products, and public health. In this paper, we review the research progress of diphenyl ethers isolated from marine and plant endophytic sources in recent years, including their biosynthesis, and lay the foundation for further utilization and development.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46197284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230626101436
M. Gouda, A. Abu‐Hashem, T. A. Ameen, M. A. Salem, Ateyatallah Aljuhan
Amongst heterocyclic compounds, quinoline and pyrimidine are advantaged scaffolds that appear as significant assembly motifs for the development of new drug entities. Moreover, quinoline-pyrimidine-inspired hybrids have a number of biological characteristics that are known. In addition, many pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline ring systems (PyQs4,5-b), specifically concerning medicinal chemistry, have been reported over the past decade. The synthesis of (PyQs4,5-b) using barbituric acid, thiobarbituric acid, pyrimidine, and their derivatives is presented in this review. The preparation of PyQs4,5-b was clarified through the following chemical reactions: Friedländer, Vilsmeier-Haack formylation, Hantzsch-like reaction, and one-pot three-component reaction.
{"title":"Recent Progress in Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Activities of Pyrimido[4,5-b] Quinoline Derivatives (part III)","authors":"M. Gouda, A. Abu‐Hashem, T. A. Ameen, M. A. Salem, Ateyatallah Aljuhan","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230626101436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230626101436","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Amongst heterocyclic compounds, quinoline and pyrimidine are advantaged scaffolds that appear as significant assembly motifs for the development of new drug entities. Moreover, quinoline-pyrimidine-inspired hybrids have a number of biological characteristics that are known. In addition, many pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline ring systems (PyQs4,5-b), specifically concerning medicinal chemistry, have been reported over the past decade. The synthesis of (PyQs4,5-b) using barbituric acid, thiobarbituric acid, pyrimidine, and their derivatives is presented in this review. The preparation of PyQs4,5-b was clarified through the following chemical reactions: Friedländer, Vilsmeier-Haack formylation, Hantzsch-like reaction, and one-pot three-component reaction.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48386354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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