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Research progress on activity and biosynthesis of diketopiperazines 二酮哌嗪类化合物的活性及生物合成研究进展
IF 2.3 4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230512162559
Ning Chen, Bing-jing Liu, Ruiyang Lu, Hongliang Yuan, Jintong Zhao, Yuechen Zhao
Diketopiperazines (DKPs) are mainly produced by microorganisms. In recent years, active natural products with DKPs structure have been isolated from marine bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. The stable six-membered ring framework makes DKPs a vital pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry. Several recent studies have demonstrated that it has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, immunosuppressive, neuroprotective, anti-malaria, anti-prion, and anti-hyperglycemia properties. Some DKPs are signaling molecules for intercellular communication, which can activate or inhibit bacterial Lux R-mediated quorum sensing. They are considered potential new anti-infective drugs that could control biofilm formation by interfering with information communication between microbes. DKPs possess excellent biological activities and have received extensive attention from medicinal chemistry workers. Bioactivity studies of DKPs have revealed that many highly active lead compounds exist in antibacterial, antitumor, and antiviral fields and in treating neurological disorders. This paper reviews the research progress of diketopiperazines in the past ten years.
二酮哌嗪(DKPs)主要由微生物产生。近年来,从海洋细菌、放线菌和真菌中分离出具有DKPs结构的活性天然产物。稳定的六元环框架使DKPs成为药物化学中重要的药效团。最近的几项研究表明,它具有抗菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、免疫抑制、神经保护、抗疟疾、抗朊病毒和抗高血糖的特性。一些DKP是细胞间通讯的信号分子,可以激活或抑制细菌Lux R介导的群体感应。它们被认为是潜在的新型抗感染药物,可以通过干扰微生物之间的信息交流来控制生物膜的形成。DKPs具有优异的生物活性,受到药物化学工作者的广泛关注。DKPs的生物活性研究表明,许多高活性的先导化合物存在于抗菌、抗肿瘤和抗病毒领域以及治疗神经系统疾病中。本文综述了近十年来二酮哌嗪类化合物的研究进展。
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引用次数: 0
A Decennial Update on the Applications of Trifluroacetic acid 三氟乙酸应用十年新进展
IF 2.3 4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230511121812
Dr. Ravi Varala, M. Alam, Vittal Seema
Since its discovery at the beginning of the 20th century, trifluoroacetic acid, commonly known as TFA, has seen extensive application in organic synthesis both as a solvent and as a catalyst/reagent. TFA can be used to facilitate a wide variety of chemical transformations, including rearrangements, functional group deprotections, condensations, hydroarylations and trifluoroalkylations, among others. The decennial mini-review examines key TFA synthetic applications from the middle of 2013 to the present, providing the organic chemistry research community with an opportunity to delve deeply into the numerous and varied applications of this strong acid, water-miscible, and low boiling point reagent.
自20世纪初发现以来,三氟乙酸(通常称为TFA)在有机合成中作为溶剂和催化剂/试剂得到了广泛应用。TFA可用于促进多种化学转化,包括重排、官能团脱保护、缩合、加氢芳基化和三氟烷基化等。这篇十年一次的小型综述考察了从2013年年中到现在TFA的关键合成应用,为有机化学研究界提供了一个机会,深入研究这种强酸、水溶性和低沸点试剂的众多不同应用。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in chemistry of 2-(Piperazin-1-YL) Quinoline (Part IV) 2-(哌嗪-1- yl)喹啉的化学研究进展(四)
IF 2.3 4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230509142134
M. Gouda, G. G. El-Bana
This review described the preparation of 2-(piperazin-1-yl) quinoline derivatives from 2-haloquinolines and anilides, which underwent alkylation, arylation, acylation, and reductive amination to form the 2-piprazinoquinolines. 2-(Piperazin-1-yl) quinoline used as building blocks for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized heterocyclic compounds with pharmacological interest.
本文综述了以2-卤代喹啉和苯胺为原料,经烷基化、芳化、酰化和还原胺化反应制备2-(哌嗪-1-酰基)喹啉衍生物的研究进展。2-(哌嗪-1-酰基)喹啉用于合成具有药理意义的多功能化杂环化合物。
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引用次数: 0
Ionic liquids as a Non-conventional Catalyst for the Synthesis of N-heterocycles 离子液体作为n-杂环合成的非常规催化剂
IF 2.3 4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-05-07 DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230507183754
Ambika, Pradeep Pratap Singh, Saraswati Kanodia
Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as one of the potential alternates of organic solvents in chemistry. Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are the important structural motifs of some bioactive compounds. A variety of ILs such as first-generation, second-generation, and third-generation ILs have been used in the synthesis of various types of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, such as aziridine, indole, pyrrazole, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, triazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, quinolones, benzodiazapiene and their derivatives. Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, ILs can act as both solvent and catalyst and have contributed towards high efficiency, improved yield, and recyclability, for the synthesis of heterocyclic skeleton. In this review, the application of ILs in the synthesis of different nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds has been discussed.
离子液体已成为化学中有机溶剂的潜在替代品之一。含氮杂环化合物是一些生物活性化合物的重要结构基序。多种离子液体,如第一代、第二代和第三代离子液体,已用于合成各种类型的含氮杂环化合物,如氮丙啶、吲哚、吡唑、咪唑、恶唑、噻唑、三唑、吡啶、嘧啶、喹诺酮类、苯并二氮杂二烯及其衍生物。由于其独特的化学和物理性质,离子液体既可以作为溶剂又可以作为催化剂,有助于杂环骨架合成的高效率、提高产率和可回收性。本文综述了离子液体在合成不同含氮杂环化合物中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Zinc Acetate in Organic Synthesis and Catalysis: A Review 醋酸锌的有机合成及其催化研究进展
IF 2.3 4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-05-07 DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230507213511
Dr. Ravi Varala, M. Alam, Vittal Seema
Among the many zinc salts that can be found, zinc acetate is one of the readily available, affordable, low-hazardous Lewis acids. It can be referred to as a multifunctional catalyst due to its unique physical and chemical properties, which show that they are effective in enabling a variety of synthetic transformations in both organic synthesis and catalysis. This review included noteworthy innovations that have been created during the past two and half decades using zinc acetate as a catalyst or reagent.
在可以找到的许多锌盐中,醋酸锌是一种容易获得、负担得起、低危害的刘易斯酸。由于其独特的物理和化学性质,它可以被称为多功能催化剂,这表明它们在有机合成和催化中都能有效地实现各种合成转化。这篇综述包括了在过去25年中使用醋酸锌作为催化剂或试剂的值得注意的创新。
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引用次数: 0
Quinoline and Analogs: Insight into the synthesis, biological activity, structure-activity relationship, and interaction with targets 喹啉和类似物:深入了解合成、生物活性、构效关系以及与靶标的相互作用
IF 2.3 4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230505152611
Rajnish Kumar, Upendra Kumar, Dr. Avijit Mazumder, Salahuddin, Himanshu Singh, R. Yadav, Greesh Kumar
Quinoline and its derivatives have been utilized and marketed as antibacterial, antimalarial, anticancer, hypertension, asthma (COPD), etc. The diverse pharmacological properties of quinolone are related to its chemical structure. Nowadays, it is common practice to combine at least two pharmacophores to create a single molecule with powerful pharmacological effects. This helps to synergize pharmacological qualities, enables interaction with several targets, or lessens the negative effects related to them. Various synthetic approaches which have been used in recent times for the synthesis of quinoline and its derivatives are listed in the manuscript with their merits and demerit. The structure-activity relationship relating various pharmacological actions with molecular structure and interaction with several targets has also been highlighted to provide a good comprehension to the researchers for future studies on quinoline.
喹啉及其衍生物已被应用于抗菌、抗疟、抗癌、高血压、哮喘(COPD)等领域。喹诺酮的多种药理特性与其化学结构有关。如今,通常的做法是将至少两个药效团结合起来,以产生具有强大药理作用的单个分子。这有助于协同药理学性质,使与几个目标的相互作用,或减少与他们相关的负面影响。本文列举了近年来用于合成喹啉及其衍生物的各种合成方法及其优缺点。强调了各种药理作用与分子结构的构效关系以及与几种靶点的相互作用,为研究人员今后对喹啉的研究提供了良好的认识。
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引用次数: 0
A Mini Review on Practical Synthesis of Muscimol and its Fluorinated Analogues 麝香草酚及其含氟类似物的实用合成综述
IF 2.3 4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230503105616
Mohd Abdul Fatah Abdul manan
Since the isolation and structural determination of muscimol, diverse chemical synthetic methods have been developed for the synthesis of the compound and its fluorinated derivatives such as fluoromuscimol and trifluoromethylmuscimol. These classes of compounds have been extensively employed as important building blocks in the design of drugs and pharmaceutical compounds with a broad spectrum of biological activities. However, when compared to other organohalogenic compounds, there are relatively limited methods for forming carbon-fluorine bonds in organic chemistry. Furthermore, there are very few naturally occurring organofluorine molecules exist, indicating that fluorination agents are scarce in nature. Despite the potential usage of fluorinated 5-membered heteroaromatic compounds and their functionalization in the life science industries, studies pertaining to the synthesis of substances containing such structural units are rare and challenging. This review discussed the progress made in the synthesis of natural product, muscimol and its fluoro and trifluoromethyl analogues. In addition to that, the mechanisms for the formation of isoxazole and fluoroisoxazole motifs were also discussed. This information provides important synthetic strategies for researchers in constructing such privileged structures.
自从麝香醇的分离和结构测定以来,已经开发了多种化学合成方法来合成该化合物及其氟化衍生物,如氟麝香醇和三氟甲基麝香醇。这类化合物已被广泛用作设计具有广泛生物活性的药物和药物化合物的重要组成部分。然而,与其他有机卤素化合物相比,在有机化学中形成碳-氟键的方法相对有限。此外,天然存在的有机氟分子非常少,这表明氟化剂在自然界中是稀缺的。尽管氟化的5元杂芳族化合物及其功能化在生命科学工业中有潜在的用途,但与合成含有此类结构单元的物质有关的研究是罕见且具有挑战性的。本文综述了近年来在天然产物毒蕈碱及其氟甲基和三氟甲基类似物的合成方面的进展。此外,还讨论了异恶唑和氟异恶唑基序的形成机制。这些信息为研究人员构建这种特权结构提供了重要的综合策略。
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引用次数: 0
Developments in Synthesis Strategies of Spiro-Barbiturate compounds: A Classified Study 螺-巴比妥类化合物合成策略的分类研究进展
IF 2.3 4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230428112212
D. Magoo, Anju Srivastava, Shruti Gupta, Reena Jain, Soma Mondal Ghorai, Yashna Dawer, Sumedha Sengupta, Soni Rani
Spiro compounds being multi-cyclic systems linked by a single atom, have distinct threedimensionalities, and prominently hold a position of interest in the fields of synthetic and medicinalchemistry, pharmacology, material sciences and physics. Spirobarbiturate compounds which incorporate barbituric ring derivatives into spirocyclic structures have emerged as attractive synthetic targetsfor drug discovery as they are known to exhibit far-ranging pharmacological applications. In this review, we aim to bring to light the extensive, contemporary research applied to the synthesis of different spirobarbiturates having varied ring sizes (3, 5, 6 and 7 membered) in a classified manner. It presents the reported methods of synthesis along with their mechanistic pathways as well as the pharmacological activities of some of these synthesized biologically significant motifs.
螺旋化合物是由单个原子连接的多环体系,具有独特的三维结构,在合成化学、药物化学、药理学、材料科学和物理学等领域占有重要地位。将巴比妥环衍生物纳入螺环结构的螺比妥酸酯化合物已成为药物发现的有吸引力的合成靶标,因为它们具有广泛的药理应用。在这篇综述中,我们旨在以分类的方式揭示广泛的、当代的研究应用于合成不同环尺寸(3,5,6和7元)的不同螺巴比妥酸盐。它介绍了报道的合成方法,以及它们的机制途径,以及一些这些合成的生物显著基序的药理活性。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence, Isolation, Pharmacological Potential, Metabolism, and Toxicity of Myristicin: A Naturally Occurring Alkoxy-Substituted Allylbenzene 天然存在的烷氧基取代烯丙基苯肉豆蔻素的产生、分离、药理潜力、代谢和毒性
IF 2.3 4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230314105024
S. Kaushal, Vishaldeep Kaur, Heena, D. Utreja
Natural products are secondary metabolites obtained from plants, animals, and microorganisms with diverse chemical structures resulting in diverse biological functions and drug-like properties.This review article summarizes in detail the occurrence, detection, isolation, various pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of a natural compound i.e., 5-Allyl-1-methoxy-2,3-methylenedioxybenzene commonly known as Myristicin.A relevant literature search was made using the keywords essential oil, mace, myristicin, nutmeg, and pharmacological activities from different databases such as Pub Med, Sci finder, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The literature search results presented articles from 1963 to 2022. Thereafter, the articles were carefully screened and selected for review.Myristicin, an alkoxy-substituted allylbenzene is present in major to minor amounts in the essential oils obtained from different plant parts and exhibits various pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, and hepatoprotective. It forms 10 metabolites by reduction, demethylation, hydroxylation, ring formation, ring-opening, and conjugate formation. In the liver, myristicin has been metabolized by Cytochrome P450 complex enzymes to generate active metabolite (1ˈ hyroxymyristicin) responsible for cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects (150 µM). But, myristicin at 600 µM does not produce enough 1ʼ-hydroxymyristicin to give the final toxicant.Myristicin poses no major risk to human health through the consumption of herbs and spices due to its presence in low amounts. It has great potential to be used in the traditional system of medicine. We hope that this review will provide complete knowledge about myristicin on a single platform.
天然产物是从植物、动物和微生物中获得的次生代谢物,具有不同的化学结构,具有不同的生物功能和药物样特性。本文对天然化合物5-烯丙基-1-甲氧基-2,3-亚甲基二氧苯(俗称肉豆酱素)的发生、检测、分离、各种药理性质、代谢和毒性等方面进行了综述。在Pub Med、Sci finder、Science Direct、谷歌Scholar等数据库中检索精油、豆蔻、肉豆蔻素、肉豆蔻、肉豆蔻药理活性等关键词进行相关文献检索。文献检索结果显示了1963年至2022年的文章。此后,这些文章经过仔细筛选和挑选供审查。肉豆蔻素是一种烷氧基取代的烯丙苯,在从不同植物部位获得的精油中大量或少量存在,并表现出各种药理特性,如抗菌、抗氧化、抗增殖、抗炎、杀虫和保护肝脏。它通过还原、去甲基化、羟基化、成环、开环和共轭形成10种代谢物。在肝脏中,myristicin被细胞色素P450复合物酶代谢产生活性代谢物(1 . hyroxymyristicin),负责细胞毒性、基因毒性和凋亡作用(150µM)。但是,600µM下的肉豆蔻素不能产生足够的1′-羟基肉豆蔻素来产生最终的毒物。肉豆蔻素由于含量低,通过食用草药和香料不会对人体健康构成重大风险。它在传统医学体系中具有很大的应用潜力。我们希望这篇综述将在单一平台上提供关于myristicin的完整知识。
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引用次数: 0
Direct Catalytic Conversion of Aldehydes to Nitriles 醛类直接催化转化为腈类
IF 2.3 4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230310092812
N. G. Khaligh, Fathiy Mutalabisin, M. Johan
Nitriles are employed in many academic and industrial fields, especially organic synthesis. They are crucial precursors to synthesize aldehydes, amines, amides, carboxylic acids, and tetrazoles. There are many routes to synthesize nitriles from various species such as aldehydes, alcohols and amines. This review summarized the recently developed direct conversion of aldehydes to nitriles, focusing on the simple and efficient reaction.
腈被应用于许多学术和工业领域,特别是有机合成。它们是合成醛、胺、酰胺、羧酸和四唑的重要前体。从醛类、醇类和胺类等各种物质合成腈的途径很多。本文综述了近年来醛类化合物直接转化为腈类化合物的研究进展,重点介绍了简单高效的反应方法。
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引用次数: 0
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Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry
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