Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230309091635
P. Baruah, Mohit L. Deb
C-H Functionalization of -carbon of tertiary amines has been of great importance for the past two decades as N-heterocycles can be synthesized by this approach and these heterocycles are highly useful as drugs or drug precursors in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review article, we have summarized only the -C-H functionalization reactions of tertiary amines that are catalysed or promoted by acids. These C-H functionalization reactions are usually catalysed by transition metal salts, although metal-free catalysts are also used. However, several such reactions have been reported that are efficiently catalysed by acids. They are cost-effective, have a simple purification process, less sensitive to air/moisture, and are relatively environmentally benign. However, this area has not received enough focus due to the lack of review articles, which encouraged us to write this review.
{"title":"Transition metal-free-C-H functionalization of tertiary amines catalysed/promoted by acids: A brief review","authors":"P. Baruah, Mohit L. Deb","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230309091635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230309091635","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000C-H Functionalization of -carbon of tertiary amines has been of great importance for the past two decades as N-heterocycles can be synthesized by this approach and these heterocycles are highly useful as drugs or drug precursors in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review article, we have summarized only the -C-H functionalization reactions of tertiary amines that are catalysed or promoted by acids. These C-H functionalization reactions are usually catalysed by transition metal salts, although metal-free catalysts are also used. However, several such reactions have been reported that are efficiently catalysed by acids. They are cost-effective, have a simple purification process, less sensitive to air/moisture, and are relatively environmentally benign. However, this area has not received enough focus due to the lack of review articles, which encouraged us to write this review.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47340724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diynes are identified as exceptionally potent and superior substrates in gold-catalyzed organic transformations. Gold (I) and gold (III) complexes exhibit unique activity towards diynes, encouraging the nucleophilic addition of different functional groups both inter and intra- molecularly. In this review, particularly, we focused on recent advances in gold-catalyzed reactions of 1,5-diynes along with their mechanistic aspects. These reactions are interesting for constructing molecular complexity, medicinal chemistry, and material science.
{"title":"Gold-catalyzed reactions of substituted 1,5-diynes: recent advances and their chemistry","authors":"Suneel Kanaparthy, Bharath Kumar Perla, Damodar Kongara","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230302114722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230302114722","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Diynes are identified as exceptionally potent and superior substrates in gold-catalyzed organic transformations. Gold (I) and gold (III) complexes exhibit unique activity towards diynes, encouraging the nucleophilic addition of different functional groups both inter and intra- molecularly. In this review, particularly, we focused on recent advances in gold-catalyzed reactions of 1,5-diynes along with their mechanistic aspects. These reactions are interesting for constructing molecular complexity, medicinal chemistry, and material science.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46369672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230301153215
M. Gouda, Rayan M. Alansari, A. Abu‐Hashem, Abdel-Rhman B. A. El-Gazzar, Ahmed A. M. Abdelgawad, M. A. Salem
In this review, numerous thieno[2,3-c]quinoline derivatives (TQs2, 3-c) are presented from a variety of angles, including various preparation and processing techniques, using cutting-edge equipment. Numerous chemical processes in this review demonstrate how (TQs2, 3-c) were made from arylamines, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and other chemical reagents. The amidation, tandem C-C and C-N bond creation accelerated by palladium, Vilsmeier reaction, and Pictet-Spengler chemical reactions were used to shed light on how (TQs2, 3-c) was made.
{"title":"Chemistry of Thieno[2,3-c]quinoline derivatives part (VII), Reactivities, and Biological Activities","authors":"M. Gouda, Rayan M. Alansari, A. Abu‐Hashem, Abdel-Rhman B. A. El-Gazzar, Ahmed A. M. Abdelgawad, M. A. Salem","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230301153215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230301153215","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In this review, numerous thieno[2,3-c]quinoline derivatives (TQs2, 3-c) are presented from a variety of angles, including various preparation and processing techniques, using cutting-edge equipment. Numerous chemical processes in this review demonstrate how (TQs2, 3-c) were made from arylamines, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and other chemical reagents. The amidation, tandem C-C and C-N bond creation accelerated by palladium, Vilsmeier reaction, and Pictet-Spengler chemical reactions were used to shed light on how (TQs2, 3-c) was made.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47011576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230118162517
Min-Shou Wang, Min Pu, Xu Li
Natural products with oxa-bridged medium-sized carbocyclic ring structure units play an important role in nature. Therefore, developing novel and efficient methods is essential for synthesizing complex natural products containing oxygen-bridged rings. In this article, progress toward the synthesis of oxygen-bridged seven and eight-membered rings is reviewed in terms of the strategies employed.
{"title":"Synthesis of Oxa-bridged Medium-Sized Carbocyclic Rings","authors":"Min-Shou Wang, Min Pu, Xu Li","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230118162517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230118162517","url":null,"abstract":"Natural products with oxa-bridged medium-sized carbocyclic ring structure units play an important role in nature. Therefore, developing novel and efficient methods is essential for synthesizing complex natural products containing oxygen-bridged rings. In this article, progress toward the synthesis of oxygen-bridged seven and eight-membered rings is reviewed in terms of the strategies employed.","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230228115500
Kanchan Damade, Dhananjay Hiralal More
It was previously reported that azo compounds are vigorous and chemically stable compounds and well-known chromophores. Having different chromophores, the azo dyes act as probing units for capturing the charged particles either by electron transfer or deprotonation mechanisms. The probing efficiency usually exhibits in the magnitude of variations in UV absorbance, NMR peaks and visually observed color changes. The sensing application is a prerequisite for numerous analytical techniques involved in pharmaceutical as well as pathological discipline. In the last two decades, numerous azo based sensors have been developed, which render low cost and effective sensing approaches towards ionic diagnosis through instantaneous eye beaming chromogenic change. This sensing approach is simple, cost-effective, and precise and provides reliable quantitative and qualitative statistics of an analyte present in a complex environment. Our present study culminates the recent progress on the synthesis of azo compounds and their chromogenic sensing application towards various reactive analytes through reviewing spectral variations and colorimetric observations. This review article assesses the potential of azo dyes in chromogenic sensing for different analytes. We believe this review will be of interest and important for researchers working on designing azo-based chromogenic sensors.
{"title":"Azo Based Chromogenic Sensor: An Approach for Naked Eye Detection of Biologically Relevant Anions and Metal Cations","authors":"Kanchan Damade, Dhananjay Hiralal More","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230228115500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230228115500","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000It was previously reported that azo compounds are vigorous and chemically stable compounds and well-known chromophores. Having different chromophores, the azo dyes act as probing units for capturing the charged particles either by electron transfer or deprotonation mechanisms. The probing efficiency usually exhibits in the magnitude of variations in UV absorbance, NMR peaks and visually observed color changes. The sensing application is a prerequisite for numerous analytical techniques involved in pharmaceutical as well as pathological discipline. In the last two decades, numerous azo based sensors have been developed, which render low cost and effective sensing approaches towards ionic diagnosis through instantaneous eye beaming chromogenic change. This sensing approach is simple, cost-effective, and precise and provides reliable quantitative and qualitative statistics of an analyte present in a complex environment. Our present study culminates the recent progress on the synthesis of azo compounds and their chromogenic sensing application towards various reactive analytes through reviewing spectral variations and colorimetric observations. This review article assesses the potential of azo dyes in chromogenic sensing for different analytes. We believe this review will be of interest and important for researchers working on designing azo-based chromogenic sensors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49473463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230223144523
C. A. de Parrodi, Mildred López, Gabriela Huelgas, J. D. Lozada-Ramírez
Even though there has been an important evolution in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, the efficient and stereoselective study of glycosidic bonds through non-toxic, moderate, and inexpensive techniques is one of the most challenging fields in organic synthesis. Glycosyl reactions play a fundamental role in biological material and structure-activity relationships, having numerous medicinal chemistry applications. For this, interesting strategies have evolved over the years to control the stereoselectivity of glycosidic bonds, including the manipulation of different reaction elements, mainly promoters or catalysts, but also involving the nature of donors and solvents. This review looks at glycosylation methodologies in the last decade resulting in the specific formation of alpha or beta glycosidic bonds.
{"title":"Organocatalyzed stereoselective glycosylation: an overview of the last decade","authors":"C. A. de Parrodi, Mildred López, Gabriela Huelgas, J. D. Lozada-Ramírez","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230223144523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230223144523","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Even though there has been an important evolution in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, the efficient and stereoselective study of glycosidic bonds through non-toxic, moderate, and inexpensive techniques is one of the most challenging fields in organic synthesis. Glycosyl reactions play a fundamental role in biological material and structure-activity relationships, having numerous medicinal chemistry applications. For this, interesting strategies have evolved over the years to control the stereoselectivity of glycosidic bonds, including the manipulation of different reaction elements, mainly promoters or catalysts, but also involving the nature of donors and solvents. This review looks at glycosylation methodologies in the last decade resulting in the specific formation of alpha or beta glycosidic bonds.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44566084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-13DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230213123453
Gangotri Pemawat, A. Bhatnagar, Rama Kanwar Khangarot
Piperidine and pyridine nuclei are essential heterocyclic systems and act as an essential underpinning for agriculture, medicines, industries, etc. The development of novel methods for the synthesis of these exemplary heterocyclic compounds and their respective hybrids, which show a wide range of biological activities, is a very fascinating theme. The derivatives of these pervasive nuclei are used as antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiproliferative, antihypertensive, antiparasitic, and many other agents. The hybrids of these nuclei have retained a distinct position in medicinal chemistry and are often incorporated in synthetic drug discovery. In this review, we have compiled relevant literature on different derivatives of piperidine and pyridine moieties and their biological activities.
{"title":"Synthesis and Biological Activities of Heterocyclic Hybrids Containing Piperidine and Pyridine Moieties: Recent Developments","authors":"Gangotri Pemawat, A. Bhatnagar, Rama Kanwar Khangarot","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230213123453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230213123453","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Piperidine and pyridine nuclei are essential heterocyclic systems and act as an essential underpinning for agriculture, medicines, industries, etc. The development of novel methods for the synthesis of these exemplary heterocyclic compounds and their respective hybrids, which show a wide range of biological activities, is a very fascinating theme. The derivatives of these pervasive nuclei are used as antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiproliferative, antihypertensive, antiparasitic, and many other agents. The hybrids of these nuclei have retained a distinct position in medicinal chemistry and are often incorporated in synthetic drug discovery. In this review, we have compiled relevant literature on different derivatives of piperidine and pyridine moieties and their biological activities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68075659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The silicon-nitride ceramics gain a lot of interest for applications under severe conditions due to their thermal stability, thermal shock resistance and chemical stability arising from the three-dimensional lattice structure. The silicon-nitride ceramics can be synthesized from silicon-nitride preceramic polymers based on polysilazane (PSZ), as the ability to fabricate ceramic components of specific geometries is difficult to obtain otherwise. This review systematically summarized the applications of PSZ-based silicon-nitride preceramic polymers in the processing of functional materials. A particular focus is made on the relation between the chemical structure of polymer and the properties of the polymer-derived ceramic. The tailored properties as well as characteristics of ceramic are highlighted and the trend of nowadays research for the future evolution of silicon-nitride preceramic polymer was proposed.
{"title":"A Review of Functional Composite Materials using PSZ-based Silicon-nitride Preceramic Polymer","authors":"Jingjing Xue, Lijuan Zhang, Yongzhao Hou, Guangwu Wen, Dong Wang, Ling Li, Jing Wang","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230202165158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230202165158","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The silicon-nitride ceramics gain a lot of interest for applications under severe conditions due to their thermal stability, thermal shock resistance and chemical stability arising from the three-dimensional lattice structure. The silicon-nitride ceramics can be synthesized from silicon-nitride preceramic polymers based on polysilazane (PSZ), as the ability to fabricate ceramic components of specific geometries is difficult to obtain otherwise. This review systematically summarized the applications of PSZ-based silicon-nitride preceramic polymers in the processing of functional materials. A particular focus is made on the relation between the chemical structure of polymer and the properties of the polymer-derived ceramic. The tailored properties as well as characteristics of ceramic are highlighted and the trend of nowadays research for the future evolution of silicon-nitride preceramic polymer was proposed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46246867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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