Wanze Xie, Yiyi Wang, Dashiell D. Sacks, Charles A. Nelson, Michelle Bosquet Enlow
Background Early temperament has been shown to predict socioemotional outcomes, but its neural correlates are not yet fully understood. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between early temperament and neuronal network functional connectivity (FC), and how these factors contribute to the risk of psychopathology. Methods Using a longitudinal cohort followed from infancy to age 7 ( N = 749 collected at infancy), we assessed temperament through two approaches: data‐driven profiles extracted from parent‐reported questionnaires collected from infancy to age 3 and lab‐based assessments of behavioral inhibition (BI) at age 3. Symptoms of psychopathology were measured at age 7 with the parent‐reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Resting‐state EEG data collected at ages 3, 5, and 7, along with source‐space connectivity methods, were used to examine FC within brain networks. Results Children with an emotionally and behaviorally dysregulated (EBD) profile, an identified risk factor for psychopathology, exhibited reduced FC in the frontoparietal network compared to their emotionally and behaviorally regulated (EBR) peers. BI at age 3 was also negatively correlated with FC in the ventral attention network at age 3 and the frontoparietal network at age 7. Additionally, frontoparietal FC moderated the relationship between early temperament and later attention‐deficit symptoms: EBD children showed higher levels of attention problems than their EBR peers, but only when frontoparietal FC was low. Conclusions These findings underscore the importance of network connectivity in understanding early temperament and its socioemotional outcomes. Specifically, they highlight the role of attention and control networks in the development of psychopathology, suggesting potential targets for early interventions aimed at at‐risk children.
{"title":"Neural correlates of child temperament: The role of brain network connectivity in psychopathology risk","authors":"Wanze Xie, Yiyi Wang, Dashiell D. Sacks, Charles A. Nelson, Michelle Bosquet Enlow","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70095","url":null,"abstract":"Background Early temperament has been shown to predict socioemotional outcomes, but its neural correlates are not yet fully understood. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between early temperament and neuronal network functional connectivity (FC), and how these factors contribute to the risk of psychopathology. Methods Using a longitudinal cohort followed from infancy to age 7 ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 749 collected at infancy), we assessed temperament through two approaches: data‐driven profiles extracted from parent‐reported questionnaires collected from infancy to age 3 and lab‐based assessments of behavioral inhibition (BI) at age 3. Symptoms of psychopathology were measured at age 7 with the parent‐reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Resting‐state EEG data collected at ages 3, 5, and 7, along with source‐space connectivity methods, were used to examine FC within brain networks. Results Children with an emotionally and behaviorally dysregulated (EBD) profile, an identified risk factor for psychopathology, exhibited reduced FC in the frontoparietal network compared to their emotionally and behaviorally regulated (EBR) peers. BI at age 3 was also negatively correlated with FC in the ventral attention network at age 3 and the frontoparietal network at age 7. Additionally, frontoparietal FC moderated the relationship between early temperament and later attention‐deficit symptoms: EBD children showed higher levels of attention problems than their EBR peers, but only when frontoparietal FC was low. Conclusions These findings underscore the importance of network connectivity in understanding early temperament and its socioemotional outcomes. Specifically, they highlight the role of attention and control networks in the development of psychopathology, suggesting potential targets for early interventions aimed at at‐risk children.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Holly Sullivan-Toole,Jeremy M Haynes,Helen Schmidt,Bart Larsen,Nathaniel Haines,Thomas M Olino
BACKGROUNDReward learning is thought to undergo refinement in adolescence, but little is known about how computational components of reinforcement learning develop. Given that adolescence is a sensitive period for reward system plasticity with associated vulnerability for depression, it is important to understand developmental trajectories of different reinforcement learning parameters in normative development and in youth at risk for depression.METHODSYouth aged 9-17 years completed the Play-or-Pass Iowa Gambling Task (PoP-IGT) across five timepoints. We calculated task metrics using a traditional scoring approach - yielding summary scores for good deck play, bad deck play, and net play - and a computational modeling approach - yielding parameters for reward learning rate, punishment learning rate, go bias, and sensitivity to win/loss frequency ignoring outcome magnitude. We examined normative developmental trajectories for each traditional and computational performance metric using multilevel models. Further, we examined whether maternal history of depression was associated with individual differences in these trajectories.RESULTSAs hypothesized, youth showed a significant age-related increase in net play (p = 0.003), a measure of overall good performance. Exploratory analyses found that youth showed significant developmental change in reward-specific learning parameters including age-related increases in win/loss frequency sensitivity (FDR = 0.016) and age-related decreases in reward learning rate (FDR < 0.001). In line with hypotheses, youth at high risk for depression showed lower reward learning rates in early adolescence (p = 0.041).CONCLUSIONSThe observed developmental changes in traditional and computational metrics are largely consistent with the optimization of learning from rewards across adolescence. Further, the observed developmental changes in specifically reward-related computational parameters are consistent with heightened adolescent reward system plasticity. Additionally, there was support for our hypothesis that maternal history of depression may exert a unique effect on learning from rewards specifically, but further research across additional reward learning tasks is needed.
{"title":"Reward-specific learning parameters change across normative adolescent development and are blunted in youth with high risk for depression.","authors":"Holly Sullivan-Toole,Jeremy M Haynes,Helen Schmidt,Bart Larsen,Nathaniel Haines,Thomas M Olino","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70086","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDReward learning is thought to undergo refinement in adolescence, but little is known about how computational components of reinforcement learning develop. Given that adolescence is a sensitive period for reward system plasticity with associated vulnerability for depression, it is important to understand developmental trajectories of different reinforcement learning parameters in normative development and in youth at risk for depression.METHODSYouth aged 9-17 years completed the Play-or-Pass Iowa Gambling Task (PoP-IGT) across five timepoints. We calculated task metrics using a traditional scoring approach - yielding summary scores for good deck play, bad deck play, and net play - and a computational modeling approach - yielding parameters for reward learning rate, punishment learning rate, go bias, and sensitivity to win/loss frequency ignoring outcome magnitude. We examined normative developmental trajectories for each traditional and computational performance metric using multilevel models. Further, we examined whether maternal history of depression was associated with individual differences in these trajectories.RESULTSAs hypothesized, youth showed a significant age-related increase in net play (p = 0.003), a measure of overall good performance. Exploratory analyses found that youth showed significant developmental change in reward-specific learning parameters including age-related increases in win/loss frequency sensitivity (FDR = 0.016) and age-related decreases in reward learning rate (FDR < 0.001). In line with hypotheses, youth at high risk for depression showed lower reward learning rates in early adolescence (p = 0.041).CONCLUSIONSThe observed developmental changes in traditional and computational metrics are largely consistent with the optimization of learning from rewards across adolescence. Further, the observed developmental changes in specifically reward-related computational parameters are consistent with heightened adolescent reward system plasticity. Additionally, there was support for our hypothesis that maternal history of depression may exert a unique effect on learning from rewards specifically, but further research across additional reward learning tasks is needed.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoyan Bi,Shutao Ma,Hongbo Cui,Liang Zhang,Yankun Ma
BACKGROUNDReward sensitivity plays a crucial role in shaping emotional and behavioural responses, yet its internal structure and dynamic interplay with depression remain underexplored. This study systematically examined the network structure of reward sensitivity and its associations with depression using a network analysis framework.METHODSBased on two waves of data (T1: N = 1,136, Mage = 14.33, 52.46% female; T2: N = 1,083, Mage = 14.32, 52.82% female), we constructed multiple cross-sectional and bridge networks, as well as a cross-lagged panel network model (CLPN).RESULTS(1) Cross-sectional network analysis reveals that positive feedback serves as the core node in the depression group, while hobbies dominate in the healthy group; (2) bridging network analysis identifies hobbies and positive affect as key bridging nodes linking reward sensitivity and depression; (3) CLPN analysis demonstrates that greater engagement in hobbies at baseline significantly predicts lower levels of depression 6 months later.CONCLUSIONSThis study provided a novel network perspective on the structural and temporal characteristics of reward sensitivity in depression. The findings underscored the importance of targeting specific reward types in intervention strategies and personalised mental health approaches.
正向敏感性在形成情绪和行为反应中起着至关重要的作用，但其内部结构及其与抑郁症的动态相互作用仍未得到充分研究。本研究采用网络分析框架，系统地考察了奖励敏感性的网络结构及其与抑郁的关系。方法基于两波数据（T1: N = 1,136, Mage = 14.33，女性占52.46%;T2: N = 1,083, Mage = 14.32，女性占52.82%），构建多横截面网络和桥梁网络，并构建交叉滞后面板网络模型（CLPN）。结果(1)横断面网络分析显示，抑郁组以正反馈为核心节点，健康组以爱好为主；(2)桥接网络分析发现，爱好和积极情绪是连接奖励敏感性与抑郁的关键桥接节点；(3) CLPN分析表明，在基线时更大的兴趣爱好参与显著预测6个月后抑郁水平的降低。结论本研究为研究抑郁症奖赏敏感性的结构和时间特征提供了新的网络视角。研究结果强调了在干预策略和个性化心理健康方法中针对特定奖励类型的重要性。
{"title":"Network structure of reward sensitivity and its temporal interactions with depression: a cross-lagged panel network analysis.","authors":"Xiaoyan Bi,Shutao Ma,Hongbo Cui,Liang Zhang,Yankun Ma","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70094","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDReward sensitivity plays a crucial role in shaping emotional and behavioural responses, yet its internal structure and dynamic interplay with depression remain underexplored. This study systematically examined the network structure of reward sensitivity and its associations with depression using a network analysis framework.METHODSBased on two waves of data (T1: N = 1,136, Mage = 14.33, 52.46% female; T2: N = 1,083, Mage = 14.32, 52.82% female), we constructed multiple cross-sectional and bridge networks, as well as a cross-lagged panel network model (CLPN).RESULTS(1) Cross-sectional network analysis reveals that positive feedback serves as the core node in the depression group, while hobbies dominate in the healthy group; (2) bridging network analysis identifies hobbies and positive affect as key bridging nodes linking reward sensitivity and depression; (3) CLPN analysis demonstrates that greater engagement in hobbies at baseline significantly predicts lower levels of depression 6 months later.CONCLUSIONSThis study provided a novel network perspective on the structural and temporal characteristics of reward sensitivity in depression. The findings underscored the importance of targeting specific reward types in intervention strategies and personalised mental health approaches.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145777418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors explore publication trends in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry over the past 5 years regarding associations between parenting and child outcomes, with a focus on the directionality of these effects. Bibliometric analysis revealed that far more studies have examined parent‐to‐child associations than either child‐to‐parent or bidirectional associations, reflecting a significant imbalance in what researchers publishing in JCPP intend to study. However, when evaluating evidence from a subset of robust and well‐designed studies, especially those that permit a test of bidirectionality, the authors see a more balanced picture, with a roughly equal number of studies finding evidence of parent‐to‐child, child‐to‐parent, and bidirectional effects. These studies used a range of methodologies and examined a diverse set of parenting behaviors and child outcomes. Overall, the findings suggest that evidence in favor of child effects is consistently observed despite being significantly understudied relative to that of parent effects. The authors emphasize the importance of studying both child and parent effects alongside one another to understand the complexity of parent–child interactions, and underscore how respect for the agency and perspectives of youth is essential to understanding how they shape the conditions in which they grow up.
{"title":"Reflecting on child effects in psychology and psychiatry research","authors":"Mark Wade, Lydia M. Li, Stephan Collishaw","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70084","url":null,"abstract":"The authors explore publication trends in the <jats:italic>Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry</jats:italic> over the past 5 years regarding associations between parenting and child outcomes, with a focus on the directionality of these effects. Bibliometric analysis revealed that far more studies have examined parent‐to‐child associations than either child‐to‐parent or bidirectional associations, reflecting a significant imbalance in what researchers publishing in <jats:italic>JCPP</jats:italic> intend to study. However, when evaluating evidence from a subset of robust and well‐designed studies, especially those that permit a test of bidirectionality, the authors see a more balanced picture, with a roughly equal number of studies finding evidence of parent‐to‐child, child‐to‐parent, and bidirectional effects. These studies used a range of methodologies and examined a diverse set of parenting behaviors and child outcomes. Overall, the findings suggest that evidence in favor of child effects is consistently observed despite being significantly understudied relative to that of parent effects. The authors emphasize the importance of studying both child and parent effects alongside one another to understand the complexity of parent–child interactions, and underscore how respect for the agency and perspectives of youth is essential to understanding how they shape the conditions in which they grow up.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lilian Y. Li, Nayoung Kim, Esha Trivedi, Sarah E. Sarkas, Madeline M. McGregor, Aishwarya Sritharan, Katherine Durham, Ivan Alekseichuk, Allison M. Letkiewicz, Vijay A. Mittal, David Pagliaccio, Nicholas B. Allen, Randy P. Auerbach, Stewart A. Shankman
Background Central to major depressive disorder (MDD) onset and maintenance is maladaptive self‐focused attention, which can be reliably indexed by greater: (a) usage of first‐person singular pronouns (e.g., I ) in natural language and (b) alpha oscillations in resting‐state EEG. Integrating these largely parallel bodies of research, the present study sought to explicate the associations between, and prospective predictive utility of, linguistic and neural indicators of self‐focused attention in adolescents with remitted MDD over 12 months. Methods At baseline, 126 adolescents (ages 13–18) with ( n = 66) and without ( n = 60) remitted MDD completed resting‐state EEG. Retrospective interviews determined the occurrence of major depressive episodes (MDEs) during the follow‐up period. A total of ~2.3 million messages were passively acquired from adolescents' smartphones, on which the proportion of first‐person singular pronouns was derived. Results During the 12 months, 29 (23.0%) participants developed an MDE (28 remitted MDD, 1 control). Cox regression showed that while greater usage of first‐person singular pronouns prior to MDE increased the risk for MDE (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.02, p < .001), greater resting‐state alpha power at baseline decreased the risk for MDE (HR = 0.78, p = .001). Moreover, greater alpha power predicted subsequent first‐person singular pronoun usage ( β = 0.17, p = .004). Mediation analysis indicated a marginal suppression effect (bootstrapped indirect effect p < .10), such that accounting for first‐person singular pronoun usage amplified the association between alpha power and MDE risk. Conclusions Findings highlight functionally distinct alpha mechanisms and provide support for smartphone‐based first‐person singular pronoun usage as a neurobehavioral risk factor and a potentially promising intervention target for adolescent MDD.
重度抑郁症（MDD）发病和维持的核心是不适应的自我集中注意力，这可以通过以下方式可靠地进行索引：(a)自然语言中第一人称单数代词的使用（例如，I）和(b)静息状态EEG的α振荡。整合这些基本平行的研究，本研究试图解释语言和神经指标之间的关联，以及在12个月的MDD缓解青少年中自我集中注意力的前瞻性预测效用。方法在基线时，126名（n = 66）和未（n = 60） MDD缓解的青少年（13-18岁）完成静息状态EEG。回顾性访谈确定随访期间重性抑郁发作（MDEs）的发生情况。从青少年智能手机被动获取的信息总数约为230万条，其中第一人称单数代词的比例来源于此。结果在12个月内，29名（23.0%）参与者发生MDE（28名缓解MDD， 1名对照组）。Cox回归显示，虽然在MDE之前更多地使用第一人称单数代词会增加MDE的风险（风险比[HR] = 2.02, p < 001），但基线时更大的静息状态alpha功率会降低MDE的风险（HR = 0.78, p = .001）。此外，更大的α功率预测随后的第一人称单数代词使用（β = 0.17, p = 0.004）。中介分析表明存在边际抑制效应（自举间接效应p <； .10），即第一人称单数代词的使用放大了alpha功率与MDE风险之间的关联。研究结果强调了功能上不同的alpha机制，并为智能手机第一人称单数代词的使用作为神经行为风险因素和青少年MDD潜在的有希望的干预目标提供了支持。
{"title":"Smartphone language and resting‐state EEG indicators of self‐focused attention prospectively predict major depressive disorder risk in adolescents","authors":"Lilian Y. Li, Nayoung Kim, Esha Trivedi, Sarah E. Sarkas, Madeline M. McGregor, Aishwarya Sritharan, Katherine Durham, Ivan Alekseichuk, Allison M. Letkiewicz, Vijay A. Mittal, David Pagliaccio, Nicholas B. Allen, Randy P. Auerbach, Stewart A. Shankman","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70096","url":null,"abstract":"Background Central to major depressive disorder (MDD) onset and maintenance is maladaptive self‐focused attention, which can be reliably indexed by greater: (a) usage of first‐person singular pronouns (e.g., <jats:italic>I</jats:italic> ) in natural language and (b) alpha oscillations in resting‐state EEG. Integrating these largely parallel bodies of research, the present study sought to explicate the associations between, and prospective predictive utility of, linguistic and neural indicators of self‐focused attention in adolescents with remitted MDD over 12 months. Methods At baseline, 126 adolescents (ages 13–18) with ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 66) and without ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 60) remitted MDD completed resting‐state EEG. Retrospective interviews determined the occurrence of major depressive episodes (MDEs) during the follow‐up period. A total of ~2.3 million messages were passively acquired from adolescents' smartphones, on which the proportion of first‐person singular pronouns was derived. Results During the 12 months, 29 (23.0%) participants developed an MDE (28 remitted MDD, 1 control). Cox regression showed that while greater usage of first‐person singular pronouns prior to MDE increased the risk for MDE (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.02, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .001), greater resting‐state alpha power at baseline decreased the risk for MDE (HR = 0.78, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .001). Moreover, greater alpha power predicted subsequent first‐person singular pronoun usage ( <jats:italic>β</jats:italic> = 0.17, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .004). Mediation analysis indicated a marginal suppression effect (bootstrapped indirect effect <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .10), such that accounting for first‐person singular pronoun usage amplified the association between alpha power and MDE risk. Conclusions Findings highlight functionally distinct alpha mechanisms and provide support for smartphone‐based first‐person singular pronoun usage as a neurobehavioral risk factor and a potentially promising intervention target for adolescent MDD.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Cuartas,Lenin H Balza,Andrés Camacho,Nicolás Gómez-Parra
BACKGROUNDIncreasing evidence suggests that climate change, along with its cascading impacts on ecosystems, societies, and communities, has significant effects on both physical and mental health. However, less is known about how exposure to excessive heat early in life may influence the development of foundational skills that shape lifelong developmental trajectories. This study examined the effects of ambient heat on early childhood development across six countries, using geographic and time-stamped data on child development and ambient temperature.METHODSOur primary outcome is the Early Childhood Development Index. We used linear probability models with geographic and seasonality fixed effects to account for baseline climatic conditions, as well as other individual and contextual covariates to address potential selection bias. The sample comprised 19,607 children aged three and four from Georgia, The Gambia, Madagascar, Malawi, Sierra Leone, and the State of Palestine, all participants in Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys collected between 2017 and 2020. We merged these data with temperature data from the ERA5-Land Monthly Aggregated Climate Dataset, calculating the mean monthly maximum temperature children experienced from birth to interview.RESULTSWe found that children exposed to average maximum temperatures above 32°C were less likely to be developmentally on track compared to those exposed to cooler temperatures, even after accounting for baseline average climatic conditions and other covariates. Domain-specific models indicate that these effects were most pronounced in literacy and numeracy skills. Subgroup analyses revealed that the negative impacts were particularly severe for children in economically disadvantaged households and urban areas, and for those lacking access to adequate water and sanitation.CONCLUSIONSThis study highlights the potential impact of excessive heat on early childhood development, emphasizing the need for policies and interventions that enhance preparedness, adaptation, and resilience to support human development in an rapidly warming world.
{"title":"Ambient heat and early childhood development: a cross-national analysis.","authors":"Jorge Cuartas,Lenin H Balza,Andrés Camacho,Nicolás Gómez-Parra","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70081","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDIncreasing evidence suggests that climate change, along with its cascading impacts on ecosystems, societies, and communities, has significant effects on both physical and mental health. However, less is known about how exposure to excessive heat early in life may influence the development of foundational skills that shape lifelong developmental trajectories. This study examined the effects of ambient heat on early childhood development across six countries, using geographic and time-stamped data on child development and ambient temperature.METHODSOur primary outcome is the Early Childhood Development Index. We used linear probability models with geographic and seasonality fixed effects to account for baseline climatic conditions, as well as other individual and contextual covariates to address potential selection bias. The sample comprised 19,607 children aged three and four from Georgia, The Gambia, Madagascar, Malawi, Sierra Leone, and the State of Palestine, all participants in Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys collected between 2017 and 2020. We merged these data with temperature data from the ERA5-Land Monthly Aggregated Climate Dataset, calculating the mean monthly maximum temperature children experienced from birth to interview.RESULTSWe found that children exposed to average maximum temperatures above 32°C were less likely to be developmentally on track compared to those exposed to cooler temperatures, even after accounting for baseline average climatic conditions and other covariates. Domain-specific models indicate that these effects were most pronounced in literacy and numeracy skills. Subgroup analyses revealed that the negative impacts were particularly severe for children in economically disadvantaged households and urban areas, and for those lacking access to adequate water and sanitation.CONCLUSIONSThis study highlights the potential impact of excessive heat on early childhood development, emphasizing the need for policies and interventions that enhance preparedness, adaptation, and resilience to support human development in an rapidly warming world.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDWe assessed the risk of anxiety disorders in children of clinically anxious parents, focusing on the influence of parent and child sex, parental care level, depressive comorbidity, and anxiety subtype, while controlling for socioeconomic factors and other parental psychiatric conditions.METHODSWe conducted a population-based study utilizing comprehensive healthcare data. A cohort of children (N = 516,134), born in 1998-2015 and residing in Stockholm, Sweden, was followed until they were diagnosed with anxiety, moved, or turned 18. The primary and secondary exposures were parental specified and unspecified anxiety diagnoses, respectively. The outcome was child specified anxiety diagnosis. Associations were estimated using hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTSAmong exposed children, 4.3% were diagnosed with specified anxiety disorders, compared to 3.0% of unexposed (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.51). Adjustment for socioeconomic factors and other parental psychiatric disorders attenuated the risk (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.34). The risk was higher when parental anxiety was recorded in specialized psychiatric care (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.60, 1.79) than in primary care (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.32). Maternal anxiety was linked to a higher risk (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.41, 1.56) than paternal (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.42). Children were most likely to develop the same anxiety disorder as their parents, in cases of social anxiety, specific phobia, and panic disorder. Parental unspecified anxiety diagnoses were not associated with an increase in risk (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.07).CONCLUSIONSParental specified anxiety modestly increased the risk of child anxiety disorders. While the overall risk was lower than previously reported, it varied across diagnosis types and care levels.
{"title":"A detailed investigation of anxiety disorders in children of clinically anxious parents: a population-based study.","authors":"Sigrid Elfström,Susanne Wicks,Christina Dalman,Johan Åhlén","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70085","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDWe assessed the risk of anxiety disorders in children of clinically anxious parents, focusing on the influence of parent and child sex, parental care level, depressive comorbidity, and anxiety subtype, while controlling for socioeconomic factors and other parental psychiatric conditions.METHODSWe conducted a population-based study utilizing comprehensive healthcare data. A cohort of children (N = 516,134), born in 1998-2015 and residing in Stockholm, Sweden, was followed until they were diagnosed with anxiety, moved, or turned 18. The primary and secondary exposures were parental specified and unspecified anxiety diagnoses, respectively. The outcome was child specified anxiety diagnosis. Associations were estimated using hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTSAmong exposed children, 4.3% were diagnosed with specified anxiety disorders, compared to 3.0% of unexposed (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.51). Adjustment for socioeconomic factors and other parental psychiatric disorders attenuated the risk (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.34). The risk was higher when parental anxiety was recorded in specialized psychiatric care (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.60, 1.79) than in primary care (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.32). Maternal anxiety was linked to a higher risk (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.41, 1.56) than paternal (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.42). Children were most likely to develop the same anxiety disorder as their parents, in cases of social anxiety, specific phobia, and panic disorder. Parental unspecified anxiety diagnoses were not associated with an increase in risk (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.07).CONCLUSIONSParental specified anxiety modestly increased the risk of child anxiety disorders. While the overall risk was lower than previously reported, it varied across diagnosis types and care levels.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"198200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inger Hellerhoff,Daniel Geisler,Fabio Bernardoni,Arne Doose,Friederike I Tam,David M Poitz,Nina Chotjewitz,Veit Roessner,Katja Akgün,Tjalf Ziemssen,Stefan Ehrlich
BACKGROUNDAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder associated with drastic reductions in gray and white matter (WM) volume and structural connectivity alterations. However, the hypotheses regarding underlying mechanisms are inconclusive. The current study investigated the relationships of WM volume as well as WM network architecture with neurofilament light (NF-L), a marker of axonal damage.METHODSBlood samples and magnetic resonance imaging scans from 77 predominantly adolescent female participants with acute AN were used. Associations of WM volume with NF-L were tested using linear models. The relationship between NF-L and alterations in brain networks was evaluated using network-based statistic (NBS) models, which predicted connectivity associated with NF-L levels. Additionally, associations with clinical variables and leptin were tested. To test the specificity of the results, control analyses were conducted on 77 female healthy participants (HC).RESULTSWe found negative associations between NF-L concentrations and WM volume. NBS analyses identified seven components, where fractional anisotropy was positively associated with NF-L. In some components, mean connectivity was negatively associated with leptin concentrations. Mediation analyses suggested that the negative correlation of leptin and NF-L might be partially mediated by changes in WM microstructure. These effects were not observed in HC.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that WM volume reductions in acute AN might be related to axonal damage. The NBS results indicate, that the elevated fractional anisotropy previously found in AN might be related to damage processes leading to axonal swelling. All in all, the present study supports NF-L as a global blood marker for brain damage processes in acute AN.
{"title":"Elevated neurofilament light levels in acute anorexia nervosa are associated with alterations in white matter volume and connectivity networks.","authors":"Inger Hellerhoff,Daniel Geisler,Fabio Bernardoni,Arne Doose,Friederike I Tam,David M Poitz,Nina Chotjewitz,Veit Roessner,Katja Akgün,Tjalf Ziemssen,Stefan Ehrlich","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70083","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder associated with drastic reductions in gray and white matter (WM) volume and structural connectivity alterations. However, the hypotheses regarding underlying mechanisms are inconclusive. The current study investigated the relationships of WM volume as well as WM network architecture with neurofilament light (NF-L), a marker of axonal damage.METHODSBlood samples and magnetic resonance imaging scans from 77 predominantly adolescent female participants with acute AN were used. Associations of WM volume with NF-L were tested using linear models. The relationship between NF-L and alterations in brain networks was evaluated using network-based statistic (NBS) models, which predicted connectivity associated with NF-L levels. Additionally, associations with clinical variables and leptin were tested. To test the specificity of the results, control analyses were conducted on 77 female healthy participants (HC).RESULTSWe found negative associations between NF-L concentrations and WM volume. NBS analyses identified seven components, where fractional anisotropy was positively associated with NF-L. In some components, mean connectivity was negatively associated with leptin concentrations. Mediation analyses suggested that the negative correlation of leptin and NF-L might be partially mediated by changes in WM microstructure. These effects were not observed in HC.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that WM volume reductions in acute AN might be related to axonal damage. The NBS results indicate, that the elevated fractional anisotropy previously found in AN might be related to damage processes leading to axonal swelling. All in all, the present study supports NF-L as a global blood marker for brain damage processes in acute AN.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justin Russotti,Jennifer M Warmingham,Rachel Y Levin,Lauren Hutson,Hannah Swerbenski,Dante Cicchetti,Elizabeth D Handley
BACKGROUNDDiscrepancies between retrospective self-reports and official record data of child maltreatment (CM) are well-documented, yet few studies have examined how newer self-report instruments compare with record data or what factors influence inconsistencies across methods. This study addresses two primary aims: (1) to provide the first concordance estimates between prospective child protective services (CPS) records and the maltreatment and abuse chronology of exposure (MACE), a widely used retrospective CM assessment tool; and (2) to examine the influence of positive childhood experiences on discrepancies in CM assessment.METHODSWe utilize two maltreatment cohorts in which adults and adolescents with documented histories of CM and matched nonmaltreated controls were enrolled. Both cohorts included CM data from CPS records coded with the maltreatment classification system (MCS) and retrospective self-reports of CM and measures of positive childhood experiences. The cohorts vary in age at retrospective assessment (adults vs. adolescents), retrospective time lag (long vs. short), used different self-report measures (MACE vs. CTQ), and different methods for assessing positive experiences (explicit self-report vs. ratings of unconscious content). The rigorous dual-study design ensures findings are robust to study- and measurement-specific differences.RESULTSFindings revealed minimal agreement between MACE self-reports and MCS-coded CPS records for maltreatment occurring from ages 0-12. Discrepancies were primarily driven by retrospective reports of CM not documented in official records. Importantly, in both studies, individuals with more positive childhood experiences were less likely to self-report maltreatment (via MACE or CTQ) that was documented based on official records.CONCLUSIONSFindings suggest that positive childhood experiences may help facilitate resilience among CM survivors by influencing memory and appraisal of childhood events. Clinical interventions that explore autobiographical memories may be particularly effective in mitigating the psychopathology sequelae of maltreatment.
背景：关于儿童虐待的回顾性自我报告和官方记录数据之间的差异是有证可循的，但很少有研究调查了更新的自我报告工具与记录数据的比较，或者是什么因素影响了方法之间的不一致性。本研究有两个主要目的：(1)提供前瞻性儿童保护服务（CPS）记录与虐待和虐待暴露年表（MACE）之间的首次一致性估计，MACE是一种广泛使用的回顾性CM评估工具；(2)检验童年积极经历对CM评估差异的影响。方法：我们使用了两个虐待队列，其中有CM病史的成人和青少年以及匹配的未受虐待的对照组。两个队列都包括来自CPS记录的虐待分类系统（MCS）编码的CM数据，以及CM的回顾性自我报告和积极童年经历的测量。在回顾性评估的年龄（成人vs青少年）、回顾性时间滞后（长vs短）、使用不同的自我报告测量（MACE vs. CTQ）和评估积极体验的不同方法（显性自我报告vs.无意识内容评分）方面，队列各不相同。严格的双研究设计确保了研究结果对研究和测量特定差异的稳健性。结果发现MACE自我报告与mcs编码的CPS记录在0-12岁发生的虐待行为之间的一致性很小。差异主要是由未在官方记录中记录的CM回顾性报告引起的。重要的是，在这两项研究中，有更积极童年经历的个体不太可能自我报告虐待（通过MACE或CTQ），这是根据官方记录记录的。结论积极的童年经历可能通过影响童年事件的记忆和评价来促进CM幸存者的恢复能力。探索自传式记忆的临床干预可能在减轻虐待的精神病理后遗症方面特别有效。
{"title":"Measurement congruence between record data and retrospective self-report measures of child maltreatment: do positive childhood experiences affect discrepancies?","authors":"Justin Russotti,Jennifer M Warmingham,Rachel Y Levin,Lauren Hutson,Hannah Swerbenski,Dante Cicchetti,Elizabeth D Handley","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70080","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDDiscrepancies between retrospective self-reports and official record data of child maltreatment (CM) are well-documented, yet few studies have examined how newer self-report instruments compare with record data or what factors influence inconsistencies across methods. This study addresses two primary aims: (1) to provide the first concordance estimates between prospective child protective services (CPS) records and the maltreatment and abuse chronology of exposure (MACE), a widely used retrospective CM assessment tool; and (2) to examine the influence of positive childhood experiences on discrepancies in CM assessment.METHODSWe utilize two maltreatment cohorts in which adults and adolescents with documented histories of CM and matched nonmaltreated controls were enrolled. Both cohorts included CM data from CPS records coded with the maltreatment classification system (MCS) and retrospective self-reports of CM and measures of positive childhood experiences. The cohorts vary in age at retrospective assessment (adults vs. adolescents), retrospective time lag (long vs. short), used different self-report measures (MACE vs. CTQ), and different methods for assessing positive experiences (explicit self-report vs. ratings of unconscious content). The rigorous dual-study design ensures findings are robust to study- and measurement-specific differences.RESULTSFindings revealed minimal agreement between MACE self-reports and MCS-coded CPS records for maltreatment occurring from ages 0-12. Discrepancies were primarily driven by retrospective reports of CM not documented in official records. Importantly, in both studies, individuals with more positive childhood experiences were less likely to self-report maltreatment (via MACE or CTQ) that was documented based on official records.CONCLUSIONSFindings suggest that positive childhood experiences may help facilitate resilience among CM survivors by influencing memory and appraisal of childhood events. Clinical interventions that explore autobiographical memories may be particularly effective in mitigating the psychopathology sequelae of maltreatment.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145613188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unblocking the translational path between science and practice is a major priority for the field of child psychology and psychiatry. I have recently argued that key to this, going forward, will be our ability to come up with new framings of old challenges that allow us to develop new theories, hypotheses, methods and interpretations. I called this creative seeking-out of different perspectives, paradigm flipping. In this editorial, I argue that incorporating young people with neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions into the heart of our science, as co-investigators and not just advisors, can promote effective paradigm flipping in a way that can invigorate our science. I illustrate this by highlighting a recent programme of research, Regulating Emotion and Strengthening Adolescent Resilience (RE-STAR), which demonstrated not only that such a radical participatory approach is possible but that it can change the way we do science in demonstrably positive ways.
{"title":"Editorial: Probing the limits of youth participation in the translational science of neurodivergence","authors":"Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unblocking the translational path between science and practice is a major priority for the field of child psychology and psychiatry. I have recently argued that key to this, going forward, will be our ability to come up with new framings of old challenges that allow us to develop new theories, hypotheses, methods and interpretations. I called this creative seeking-out of different perspectives, paradigm flipping. In this editorial, I argue that incorporating young people with neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions into the heart of our science, as co-investigators and not just advisors, can promote effective paradigm flipping in a way that can invigorate our science. I illustrate this by highlighting a recent programme of research, <i>Regulating Emotion and Strengthening Adolescent Resilience</i> (RE-STAR), which demonstrated not only that such a radical participatory approach is possible but that it can change the way we do science in demonstrably positive ways.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145567321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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