Christopher Boyle,Matthew R Sanders,Tianyi Ma,Julie Hodges,Kelly-Ann Allen,Vanessa E Cobham,Igusti Darmawan,Cassandra K Dittman,Karyn L Healy,Stevie-Jae Hepburn,Lynda M MacLeod,Jiachen Teng,Madilyn Trompf,William Warton
BACKGROUNDThis study evaluated the efficacy of three interconnected parenting seminars delivered online and through schools in promoting positive parenting practices and improving children's social, emotional and behavioural wellbeing.METHODSThe study employed an incomplete batched stepped wedged cluster randomised trial design, which tests systematic replication of effects across different batches and steps and allowed schools to be recruited throughout the project. Parents (n = 912) of children aged 4-13 years (M = 7.91) from 160 primary schools in three Australian states were included in the evaluation. A comprehensive set of measures was administered at baseline, post-intervention and follow-up to track changes in child- and family-related outcomes. Data analysis adopted an Intention to Treat (ITT) approach, and intervention effects were estimated with Latent Growth Curve Models (LGCMs).RESULTSITT analyses showed significant improvements in positive parenting practices, parental adjustment and parental self-regulation, as well as reductions in coercive parenting, child anxiety symptoms, emotional maladjustment, behavioural problems and peer relationship problems with small-to-medium effect sizes. Intervention effects were systematically replicated in seven randomly assigned cohorts. Null effects were found on measures of parental relationships and child depression symptoms.CONCLUSIONSA universally offered, brief, low-intensity, school-based parenting seminar series can produce meaningful improvements in parents' reports of their parenting practices and parental self-regulation, as well as their children's social, emotional and behavioural adjustment.
{"title":"Can a low-intensity evidence-based parenting seminar series promote the mental health and wellbeing of children and families? A cluster randomised trial.","authors":"Christopher Boyle,Matthew R Sanders,Tianyi Ma,Julie Hodges,Kelly-Ann Allen,Vanessa E Cobham,Igusti Darmawan,Cassandra K Dittman,Karyn L Healy,Stevie-Jae Hepburn,Lynda M MacLeod,Jiachen Teng,Madilyn Trompf,William Warton","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70066","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThis study evaluated the efficacy of three interconnected parenting seminars delivered online and through schools in promoting positive parenting practices and improving children's social, emotional and behavioural wellbeing.METHODSThe study employed an incomplete batched stepped wedged cluster randomised trial design, which tests systematic replication of effects across different batches and steps and allowed schools to be recruited throughout the project. Parents (n = 912) of children aged 4-13 years (M = 7.91) from 160 primary schools in three Australian states were included in the evaluation. A comprehensive set of measures was administered at baseline, post-intervention and follow-up to track changes in child- and family-related outcomes. Data analysis adopted an Intention to Treat (ITT) approach, and intervention effects were estimated with Latent Growth Curve Models (LGCMs).RESULTSITT analyses showed significant improvements in positive parenting practices, parental adjustment and parental self-regulation, as well as reductions in coercive parenting, child anxiety symptoms, emotional maladjustment, behavioural problems and peer relationship problems with small-to-medium effect sizes. Intervention effects were systematically replicated in seven randomly assigned cohorts. Null effects were found on measures of parental relationships and child depression symptoms.CONCLUSIONSA universally offered, brief, low-intensity, school-based parenting seminar series can produce meaningful improvements in parents' reports of their parenting practices and parental self-regulation, as well as their children's social, emotional and behavioural adjustment.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145491521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbara Barcaccia,Matti Cervin,Davide Fausto Borrelli,Giulia Mignarri,Francesco Mancini,Andrea Pozza
BACKGROUNDObsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) often emerge during childhood and adolescence, and two aetiological models have been proposed. According to the first model, maladaptive cognitive beliefs facilitate the transformation of transient intrusive thoughts into OCS. The second model suggests that dysfunctional cognitive beliefs develop in response to increased levels of OCS. Few studies have contrasted these models, and no study has used a prospective design.METHODSIn this study, dysfunctional cognitive beliefs, OCS, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms were measured repeatedly on three occasions during a year in a sample of 950 late-childhood children and early adolescents (Mage = 10.80 [SD = 1.23], 51% female). Network analysis was used to examine cross-sectional between-person associations, and a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to examine prospective within-person associations.RESULTSCross-sectional network analyses indicated that dysfunctional cognitive beliefs were uniquely linked to OCS and significantly more strongly linked to these symptoms than to depression and anxiety. Prospective data did not support either model, but OCS and anxiety symptoms uniquely predicted each other. Sex-stratified analyses showed that dysfunctional cognitive beliefs predicted all types of symptoms at later time points in boys, while in girls, OCS and anxiety symptoms predicted each other. Assumptions of the two aetiological models of OCD were supported by cross-sectional but not prospective data.CONCLUSIONSDuring late childhood and early adolescence dysfunctional cognitive beliefs may play a more prominent role in the emergence of mental health symptoms in boys than in girls, but more prospective studies are needed.
{"title":"Cross-sectional and prospective relations between dysfunctional cognitive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms during late childhood and early adolescence: a test of two aetiological models.","authors":"Barbara Barcaccia,Matti Cervin,Davide Fausto Borrelli,Giulia Mignarri,Francesco Mancini,Andrea Pozza","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70077","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDObsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) often emerge during childhood and adolescence, and two aetiological models have been proposed. According to the first model, maladaptive cognitive beliefs facilitate the transformation of transient intrusive thoughts into OCS. The second model suggests that dysfunctional cognitive beliefs develop in response to increased levels of OCS. Few studies have contrasted these models, and no study has used a prospective design.METHODSIn this study, dysfunctional cognitive beliefs, OCS, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms were measured repeatedly on three occasions during a year in a sample of 950 late-childhood children and early adolescents (Mage = 10.80 [SD = 1.23], 51% female). Network analysis was used to examine cross-sectional between-person associations, and a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to examine prospective within-person associations.RESULTSCross-sectional network analyses indicated that dysfunctional cognitive beliefs were uniquely linked to OCS and significantly more strongly linked to these symptoms than to depression and anxiety. Prospective data did not support either model, but OCS and anxiety symptoms uniquely predicted each other. Sex-stratified analyses showed that dysfunctional cognitive beliefs predicted all types of symptoms at later time points in boys, while in girls, OCS and anxiety symptoms predicted each other. Assumptions of the two aetiological models of OCD were supported by cross-sectional but not prospective data.CONCLUSIONSDuring late childhood and early adolescence dysfunctional cognitive beliefs may play a more prominent role in the emergence of mental health symptoms in boys than in girls, but more prospective studies are needed.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145491541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanna C. Gustafsson, Hanna R. Wright, Jorden E. Jacinto Schreeder, Joel T. Nigg, Elinor L. Sullivan
Background Mounting evidence links increased adiposity during pregnancy and offspring risk for mental health disorders. Yet the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood, limiting our ability to design effective interventions. We hypothesize that alterations in the kynurenine system of the pregnant woman help to explain this association. Methods Participants were recruited during pregnancy with repeated assessments through 24 months postpartum. Maternal adiposity was assessed using air displacement plethysmography. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure kynurenine system metabolites in maternal plasma. Child negative affect was assessed via maternal report at 6, 12, and 24 months. Results Participants ( N = 302) included mother–child dyads (70% non‐Hispanic White, 51% female). The ratio of picolinic to quinolinic acid (PA:QA) predicted child fear (β = −.15, 95% CI −0.27, −0.03, p = .02) and sadness (β = −.14, 95% CI −0.28, 0.003, p = .045) at 6 months. PA:QA mediated the effect of pregnancy adiposity on child fear (β = .03, bootstrapped 95% CI 0.009, 0.07) and sadness (β = .04, bootstrapped 95% CI 0.006, 0.08). Similar associations were observed when children were 12 and 24 months old, suggesting enduring effects. The ratio of kynurenic to quinolinic acid (KA:QA) was not associated with child negative affect. Conclusions This is the first evidence reporting that alterations in the kynurenine system during pregnancy are associated with increased child negative affectivity, an early life risk factor for psychopathology. Results further suggest that these kynurenine metabolites are a mechanistic link between pregnancy adiposity and child negative affect. Though observed effect sizes were small, results suggest that picolinic and quinolinic acid during pregnancy may be novel biomarkers for offspring behavioral risk.
背景越来越多的证据表明，孕期肥胖增加与后代患精神疾病的风险有关。然而，这种关联背后的机制仍然知之甚少，限制了我们设计有效干预措施的能力。我们假设孕妇犬尿氨酸系统的改变有助于解释这种关联。方法在怀孕期间招募参与者，并在产后24个月进行重复评估。采用空气置换体积脉搏图评估产妇肥胖。采用液相色谱串联质谱法测定孕妇血浆中犬尿氨酸系统代谢物。在6个月、12个月和24个月时通过母亲报告评估儿童的负面影响。结果参与者（N = 302）包括母子二人组（70%为非西班牙裔白人，51%为女性）。吡啶酸与喹啉酸的比值（PA:QA）预测儿童恐惧（β =−）。15 95% CI 0.27−−0.03,p = .02点)和悲伤(β=−。14, 95% CI为- 0.28,0.003,p = 0.045)。PA:QA介导妊娠肥胖对儿童恐惧（β = 0.03, 95% CI 0.009, 0.07）和悲伤（β = 0.04, 95% CI 0.006, 0.08）的影响。在12个月和24个月大的孩子身上也观察到类似的关联，表明这种影响是持久的。犬尿酸与喹啉酸的比值（KA:QA）与儿童负面情绪无关。结论：这是首次有证据表明孕期犬尿氨酸系统的改变与儿童负性情感的增加有关，负性情感是早期精神病理的危险因素。结果进一步表明，这些犬尿氨酸代谢物是妊娠期肥胖和儿童负面影响之间的机制联系。虽然观察到的效应量很小，但结果表明，picolinic和quinolinic酸在怀孕期间可能是后代行为风险的新生物标志物。
{"title":"Gestational kynurenine metabolites mediate effects of pregnancy adiposity on child negative affect","authors":"Hanna C. Gustafsson, Hanna R. Wright, Jorden E. Jacinto Schreeder, Joel T. Nigg, Elinor L. Sullivan","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70071","url":null,"abstract":"Background Mounting evidence links increased adiposity during pregnancy and offspring risk for mental health disorders. Yet the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood, limiting our ability to design effective interventions. We hypothesize that alterations in the kynurenine system of the pregnant woman help to explain this association. Methods Participants were recruited during pregnancy with repeated assessments through 24 months postpartum. Maternal adiposity was assessed using air displacement plethysmography. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure kynurenine system metabolites in maternal plasma. Child negative affect was assessed via maternal report at 6, 12, and 24 months. Results Participants ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 302) included mother–child dyads (70% non‐Hispanic White, 51% female). The ratio of picolinic to quinolinic acid (PA:QA) predicted child fear (β = −.15, 95% CI −0.27, −0.03, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .02) and sadness (β = −.14, 95% CI −0.28, 0.003, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .045) at 6 months. PA:QA mediated the effect of pregnancy adiposity on child fear (β = .03, bootstrapped 95% CI 0.009, 0.07) and sadness (β = .04, bootstrapped 95% CI 0.006, 0.08). Similar associations were observed when children were 12 and 24 months old, suggesting enduring effects. The ratio of kynurenic to quinolinic acid (KA:QA) was not associated with child negative affect. Conclusions This is the first evidence reporting that alterations in the kynurenine system during pregnancy are associated with increased child negative affectivity, an early life risk factor for psychopathology. Results further suggest that these kynurenine metabolites are a mechanistic link between pregnancy adiposity and child negative affect. Though observed effect sizes were small, results suggest that picolinic and quinolinic acid during pregnancy may be novel biomarkers for offspring behavioral risk.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145484832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loren S. Hardeman, Luis C. Farhat, Julian Koenig, Michael H. Bloch
There has been renewed interest in elucidating the role of the endocannabinoid system on both brain development and psychological phenomena across the lifespan. In parallel to these efforts, the use of cannabis-related drugs for the treatment of psychiatric disorders in the community has increased considerably over the past several years. In an excellent research review article in JCPP, Tansey et al. provide a comprehensive overview of what the field of developmental psychopathology has learned about the endocannabinoid system. The purpose of this Editorial is to build upon the discussion around the current state of evidence for medicinal cannabis for psychiatric disorders, using Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders as an illustrative example.
{"title":"Editorial: Are we too high on medicinal cannabis in child psychiatry? Examining the evidence in Tourette syndrome","authors":"Loren S. Hardeman, Luis C. Farhat, Julian Koenig, Michael H. Bloch","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There has been renewed interest in elucidating the role of the endocannabinoid system on both brain development and psychological phenomena across the lifespan. In parallel to these efforts, the use of cannabis-related drugs for the treatment of psychiatric disorders in the community has increased considerably over the past several years. In an excellent research review article in <i>JCPP</i>, Tansey et al. provide a comprehensive overview of what the field of developmental psychopathology has learned about the endocannabinoid system. The purpose of this Editorial is to build upon the discussion around the current state of evidence for medicinal cannabis for psychiatric disorders, using Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders as an illustrative example.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"66 12","pages":"1781-1783"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145484712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seung Yun Choi, Jinwoo Lee, Junghoon Park, Eunji Lee, Bo‐Gyeom Kim, Gakyung Kim, Yoonjung Yoonie Joo, Jiook Cha
Background This study elucidates the intricate relationship between stressful life events and the development of ADHD symptoms in children, acknowledging the considerable variability in individual responses. By examining these differences, we aim to uncover the unique combinations of factors contributing to varying levels of vulnerability and resilience among children. Methods Utilizing longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (baseline: N = 6,303, age = 9.9), we applied Generalized Random Forest (GRF) to model the nonlinear relationships among genetic predispositions, brain features, and environmental factors. Results Significant individual variability was observed in children's ADHD symptoms post‐stress, particularly at the 1‐year and 2‐year follow‐ups. At the 1‐year follow‐up, increased vulnerability was indicated by heightened parental mental health problems and a lower polygenic risk score for smoking. By the 2‐year follow‐up, escalated parental mental health disorders, higher ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS), and altered structural connectivity in the cognitive control network were significant contributors to individual differences. Conclusions These findings underscore the importance of integrating environmental, genetic, and neural variables to identify children vulnerable or resilient to developing ADHD symptoms following early‐life stress. This study demonstrates how multimodal data combined with nonparametric machine learning can advance precision psychology and psychiatry, aiding targeted support for affected children.
{"title":"Individual differences in effects of stressful life events on childhood ADHD : genetic, neural, and familial contributions","authors":"Seung Yun Choi, Jinwoo Lee, Junghoon Park, Eunji Lee, Bo‐Gyeom Kim, Gakyung Kim, Yoonjung Yoonie Joo, Jiook Cha","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70074","url":null,"abstract":"Background This study elucidates the intricate relationship between stressful life events and the development of ADHD symptoms in children, acknowledging the considerable variability in individual responses. By examining these differences, we aim to uncover the unique combinations of factors contributing to varying levels of vulnerability and resilience among children. Methods Utilizing longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (baseline: <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 6,303, age = 9.9), we applied Generalized Random Forest (GRF) to model the nonlinear relationships among genetic predispositions, brain features, and environmental factors. Results Significant individual variability was observed in children's ADHD symptoms post‐stress, particularly at the 1‐year and 2‐year follow‐ups. At the 1‐year follow‐up, increased vulnerability was indicated by heightened parental mental health problems and a lower polygenic risk score for smoking. By the 2‐year follow‐up, escalated parental mental health disorders, higher ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS), and altered structural connectivity in the cognitive control network were significant contributors to individual differences. Conclusions These findings underscore the importance of integrating environmental, genetic, and neural variables to identify children vulnerable or resilient to developing ADHD symptoms following early‐life stress. This study demonstrates how multimodal data combined with nonparametric machine learning can advance precision psychology and psychiatry, aiding targeted support for affected children.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johan Isaksson,Filippa Eklund,Karl Lundin Remnélius,Melissa H Black,Sven Bölte
BACKGROUNDChallenges in adaptive or daily functioning are inherent to diagnostic criteria for neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs). However, less is known regarding the influence of factors that may confound the association between NDCs and adaptive functioning. Therefore, we examined the associations between different NDCs and adaptive functioning while adjusting for co-occurring conditions, genetics, and shared environment.METHODSWe used a co-twin control study design in a sample of Swedish twins (N = 314, age range 8-21 years), including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. Adaptive function was assessed using the parent-rated Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, second edition. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was fitted, using NDC diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Intellectual Disability (ID), as well as other psychiatric conditions, as exposure and adaptive functioning as the outcome. The model was first fitted across twin pairs and subsequently within the twin pairs, thus adjusting for genetic and shared environmental influences. Interaction effects of age and sex by different NDCs on adaptive functioning were assessed.RESULTSAll forms of NDCs were independently associated with challenges in adaptive function across pairs. The co-occurrence of multiple NDCs was associated with adaptive functioning, with a greater number of NDCs being associated with more functioning challenges. Higher age was associated with more challenges in adaptive functioning among autistic individuals. In the within-pair models, the association remained for autism and ID, but the association between ADHD and adaptive functioning was lost in the MZ sub-sample when adjusting fully for all genetic factors.CONCLUSIONSNDCs are associated with challenges in adaptive function, even when adjusting for other psychiatric conditions, stressing the importance of adequate community support. Findings indicate the importance of non-shared environmental factors for understanding the challenges in adaptive function experienced by individuals with autism and ID and genetic factors for individuals with ADHD.
{"title":"Neurodevelopmental conditions and adaptive functioning - a co-twin control study.","authors":"Johan Isaksson,Filippa Eklund,Karl Lundin Remnélius,Melissa H Black,Sven Bölte","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70073","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDChallenges in adaptive or daily functioning are inherent to diagnostic criteria for neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs). However, less is known regarding the influence of factors that may confound the association between NDCs and adaptive functioning. Therefore, we examined the associations between different NDCs and adaptive functioning while adjusting for co-occurring conditions, genetics, and shared environment.METHODSWe used a co-twin control study design in a sample of Swedish twins (N = 314, age range 8-21 years), including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. Adaptive function was assessed using the parent-rated Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, second edition. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was fitted, using NDC diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Intellectual Disability (ID), as well as other psychiatric conditions, as exposure and adaptive functioning as the outcome. The model was first fitted across twin pairs and subsequently within the twin pairs, thus adjusting for genetic and shared environmental influences. Interaction effects of age and sex by different NDCs on adaptive functioning were assessed.RESULTSAll forms of NDCs were independently associated with challenges in adaptive function across pairs. The co-occurrence of multiple NDCs was associated with adaptive functioning, with a greater number of NDCs being associated with more functioning challenges. Higher age was associated with more challenges in adaptive functioning among autistic individuals. In the within-pair models, the association remained for autism and ID, but the association between ADHD and adaptive functioning was lost in the MZ sub-sample when adjusting fully for all genetic factors.CONCLUSIONSNDCs are associated with challenges in adaptive function, even when adjusting for other psychiatric conditions, stressing the importance of adequate community support. Findings indicate the importance of non-shared environmental factors for understanding the challenges in adaptive function experienced by individuals with autism and ID and genetic factors for individuals with ADHD.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145440733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biqiu Tang, L. Rodrigo Patino, Wenjing Zhang, Su Lui, Melissa P. DelBello, Robert K. McNamara
Background Although attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with familial risk for bipolar I disorder (BD) may represent a more severe illness conferring greater risk for developing BD, associated neurostructural substrates remain poorly understood. This study examined cerebellum structural alterations, which prior studies suggested may be associated with BD risk. Methods We enrolled 151 youth (ages 10–18 years) in three groups: psychostimulant‐free ADHD youth with a biological parent or sibling with BD (high‐risk, n = 52, mean age 13.8 ± 2.6 years), psychostimulant‐free ADHD youth without any first‐ or second‐degree relative with mood or psychotic disorders (low‐risk, n = 50, mean age 14.1 ± 2.5 years), and healthy controls (HC, n = 49, mean age 14.6 ± 2.4 years). ADHD youth were stimulant‐naïve or had no psychostimulant exposure within 3 months prior to enrollment. Region‐of‐interest (ROI) analyses were conducted on the whole cerebellum and 28 lobules to quantify cerebellar volumes using the SUIT toolbox, and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analyses were also performed. Exploratory analyses evaluated associations between regional cerebellar volumes and symptom measures. Results Significant group differences in volume were observed for the whole cerebellum, bilateral lobules VIIIa, right VIIb, and left X. Post hoc comparisons showed that the high‐risk group exhibited volume deficits in the whole cerebellum, bilateral lobules VIIIa, and right VIIb, compared with HC and low‐risk groups, whereas both high‐risk and low‐risk groups exhibited left X volume deficits compared to HC. Similar results were obtained using VBM. Among all ADHD youth, significant inverse correlations were observed between significant ROI volumes and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) total score and several subscales, including the dysregulation profile. Conclusions Psychostimulant‐free ADHD youth with BD familial risk exhibit whole and regional cerebellar volume deficits compared with those without such risk and healthy youth. Inverse associations between regional cerebellar volumes and CBCL total and subscale scores among ADHD youth suggest clinical relevance and may represent a potential BD risk biomarker.
{"title":"Regional cerebellar structural deficits distinguish psychostimulant‐free ADHD youth with and without familial risk for bipolar I disorder: a cross‐sectional morphometric analysis","authors":"Biqiu Tang, L. Rodrigo Patino, Wenjing Zhang, Su Lui, Melissa P. DelBello, Robert K. McNamara","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70072","url":null,"abstract":"Background Although attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with familial risk for bipolar I disorder (BD) may represent a more severe illness conferring greater risk for developing BD, associated neurostructural substrates remain poorly understood. This study examined cerebellum structural alterations, which prior studies suggested may be associated with BD risk. Methods We enrolled 151 youth (ages 10–18 years) in three groups: psychostimulant‐free ADHD youth with a biological parent or sibling with BD (high‐risk, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 52, mean age 13.8 ± 2.6 years), psychostimulant‐free ADHD youth without any first‐ or second‐degree relative with mood or psychotic disorders (low‐risk, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 50, mean age 14.1 ± 2.5 years), and healthy controls (HC, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 49, mean age 14.6 ± 2.4 years). ADHD youth were stimulant‐naïve or had no psychostimulant exposure within 3 months prior to enrollment. Region‐of‐interest (ROI) analyses were conducted on the whole cerebellum and 28 lobules to quantify cerebellar volumes using the SUIT toolbox, and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analyses were also performed. Exploratory analyses evaluated associations between regional cerebellar volumes and symptom measures. Results Significant group differences in volume were observed for the whole cerebellum, bilateral lobules VIIIa, right VIIb, and left X. Post hoc comparisons showed that the high‐risk group exhibited volume deficits in the whole cerebellum, bilateral lobules VIIIa, and right VIIb, compared with HC and low‐risk groups, whereas both high‐risk and low‐risk groups exhibited left X volume deficits compared to HC. Similar results were obtained using VBM. Among all ADHD youth, significant inverse correlations were observed between significant ROI volumes and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) total score and several subscales, including the dysregulation profile. Conclusions Psychostimulant‐free ADHD youth with BD familial risk exhibit whole and regional cerebellar volume deficits compared with those without such risk and healthy youth. Inverse associations between regional cerebellar volumes and CBCL total and subscale scores among ADHD youth suggest clinical relevance and may represent a potential BD risk biomarker.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145427477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica L Bezek,Elizabeth A Shewark,Gabriela L Suarez,Kelly L Klump,S Alexandra Burt,Luke W Hyde
BACKGROUNDExamining resilience to adversity across multiple behavioral domains (e.g., psychological well-being, social functioning) can better characterize positive development and inform novel prevention and intervention efforts. However, few studies have employed person-centered methods to examine individual profiles of resilience across multiple domains in youth. Further, research exploring contextual predictors of resilience has rarely used genetically informed designs, which are critical for eliminating potential confounds.METHODSThe current study employed latent profile analysis (LPA) to extract profiles of resilience across psychological, social, and academic domains in 708 adolescent twins exposed to neighborhood disadvantage, a pervasive form of early life adversity. Next, associations between profile membership and parenting, peer, and neighborhood social processes were examined. Lastly, co-twin control analyses were conducted to explore whether associations between resilience profile membership and social processes were environmental versus genetic in origin.RESULTSYouth were grouped into three resilience profiles: (1) High Multidomain Resilience (63%), (2) Low Psychological Resilience, High Social Resilience (19%), and (3) Low Multidomain Resilience (18%). Profiles differed in experiences of parenting (i.e., parental involvement, conflict), peer characteristics (i.e., friend drug-related behaviors, popularity), and neighborhood processes (i.e., social cohesion, informal social control, positive social norms). Follow-up analyses within-twin pairs revealed that the association between higher resilience and parenting (higher nurturance, lower conflict) was at least partially environmental in origin.CONCLUSIONSYouth show distinct profiles of resilience across psychological, social, and academic domains, which are uniquely related to processes at the family, peer, and neighborhood level. Further, the association between resilience and parenting is in part environmentally mediated, suggesting a modifiable pathway to boost resilience in adolescents exposed to neighborhood disadvantage.
{"title":"A person-centered and genetically informed approach toward characterizing multidomain resilience to neighborhood disadvantage in youth.","authors":"Jessica L Bezek,Elizabeth A Shewark,Gabriela L Suarez,Kelly L Klump,S Alexandra Burt,Luke W Hyde","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70068","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDExamining resilience to adversity across multiple behavioral domains (e.g., psychological well-being, social functioning) can better characterize positive development and inform novel prevention and intervention efforts. However, few studies have employed person-centered methods to examine individual profiles of resilience across multiple domains in youth. Further, research exploring contextual predictors of resilience has rarely used genetically informed designs, which are critical for eliminating potential confounds.METHODSThe current study employed latent profile analysis (LPA) to extract profiles of resilience across psychological, social, and academic domains in 708 adolescent twins exposed to neighborhood disadvantage, a pervasive form of early life adversity. Next, associations between profile membership and parenting, peer, and neighborhood social processes were examined. Lastly, co-twin control analyses were conducted to explore whether associations between resilience profile membership and social processes were environmental versus genetic in origin.RESULTSYouth were grouped into three resilience profiles: (1) High Multidomain Resilience (63%), (2) Low Psychological Resilience, High Social Resilience (19%), and (3) Low Multidomain Resilience (18%). Profiles differed in experiences of parenting (i.e., parental involvement, conflict), peer characteristics (i.e., friend drug-related behaviors, popularity), and neighborhood processes (i.e., social cohesion, informal social control, positive social norms). Follow-up analyses within-twin pairs revealed that the association between higher resilience and parenting (higher nurturance, lower conflict) was at least partially environmental in origin.CONCLUSIONSYouth show distinct profiles of resilience across psychological, social, and academic domains, which are uniquely related to processes at the family, peer, and neighborhood level. Further, the association between resilience and parenting is in part environmentally mediated, suggesting a modifiable pathway to boost resilience in adolescents exposed to neighborhood disadvantage.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developmental language disorder (DLD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, it is a hidden disorder: it can go undetected for years and may not be uncovered until academic, behavioral, and/or mental health challenges begin to surface. In this review, we survey what is currently known about DLD across the lifespan, with a particular focus on its collateral effects in childhood and adulthood. We begin with a brief discussion of terminological issues that have contributed to the confusion about and lack of awareness of DLD. We then describe the development of DLD from infancy through adulthood, the ways in which its presentation shifts over time and with transitions to new developmental tasks and contexts, and some of the significant associated challenges outside of the language domain that are often faced by people with DLD. Next, we review current scientific knowledge about the neurobiological and genetic bases of DLD. In the final section, we provide an overview of some of the current best practices for screening and assessment and approaches to intervention for children, adolescents, and adults. We conclude by reflecting on challenges and opportunities for future research and offering some recommendations for clinical practice, particularly for mental health practitioners.
{"title":"Annual Research Review: Developmental language disorder - a hidden condition with lifelong impact.","authors":"Jana M Iverson,Diane L Williams","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70067","url":null,"abstract":"Developmental language disorder (DLD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, it is a hidden disorder: it can go undetected for years and may not be uncovered until academic, behavioral, and/or mental health challenges begin to surface. In this review, we survey what is currently known about DLD across the lifespan, with a particular focus on its collateral effects in childhood and adulthood. We begin with a brief discussion of terminological issues that have contributed to the confusion about and lack of awareness of DLD. We then describe the development of DLD from infancy through adulthood, the ways in which its presentation shifts over time and with transitions to new developmental tasks and contexts, and some of the significant associated challenges outside of the language domain that are often faced by people with DLD. Next, we review current scientific knowledge about the neurobiological and genetic bases of DLD. In the final section, we provide an overview of some of the current best practices for screening and assessment and approaches to intervention for children, adolescents, and adults. We conclude by reflecting on challenges and opportunities for future research and offering some recommendations for clinical practice, particularly for mental health practitioners.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145351456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saskia van der Oord,Tycho J Dekkers,Barbara J van den Hoofdakker,Manfred Döpfner,Edmund Sonuga-Barke
Behavioural parent training (BPT) has been recommended as part of multi-modal intervention strategies for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The evaluation of its effectiveness, however, is challenging, as meta-analyses have indicated a discrepancy between effects on most proximal (MPROX) and probably blinded (PBLIND) outcome measures. In this editorial perspective, we provide five hypotheses that may explain this discrepancy. The first three hypotheses assume that the MPROX-PBLIND discrepancy demonstrates that BPT does not reduce actual ADHD characteristics and that MPROX is picking up a false positive. The final two focus on the limitations of the PBLIND assessments reported in the meta-analyses and the assumption that they are giving false negatives. We conclude that a hybrid approach, integrating parent ratings and observational measures within a multimethod assessment approach, may provide a path forward. In conclusion, we argue that for parents and clinicians, parent ratings of ADHD characteristics and other parent- or child-rated outcomes, such as mental health, quality of life and general well-being, are more important than 'objective' symptom change, which encourages us to shift the focus from the control of symptoms to the promotion of general functioning and well-being.
{"title":"Editorial Perspective: The challenge of evaluating ADHD parenting interventions - towards a hybrid approach.","authors":"Saskia van der Oord,Tycho J Dekkers,Barbara J van den Hoofdakker,Manfred Döpfner,Edmund Sonuga-Barke","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70069","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioural parent training (BPT) has been recommended as part of multi-modal intervention strategies for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The evaluation of its effectiveness, however, is challenging, as meta-analyses have indicated a discrepancy between effects on most proximal (MPROX) and probably blinded (PBLIND) outcome measures. In this editorial perspective, we provide five hypotheses that may explain this discrepancy. The first three hypotheses assume that the MPROX-PBLIND discrepancy demonstrates that BPT does not reduce actual ADHD characteristics and that MPROX is picking up a false positive. The final two focus on the limitations of the PBLIND assessments reported in the meta-analyses and the assumption that they are giving false negatives. We conclude that a hybrid approach, integrating parent ratings and observational measures within a multimethod assessment approach, may provide a path forward. In conclusion, we argue that for parents and clinicians, parent ratings of ADHD characteristics and other parent- or child-rated outcomes, such as mental health, quality of life and general well-being, are more important than 'objective' symptom change, which encourages us to shift the focus from the control of symptoms to the promotion of general functioning and well-being.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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