Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Sex differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and clinical care: a national study of population healthcare records in Wales","authors":"Joanna Martin,&nbsp;Kate Langley,&nbsp;Miriam Cooper,&nbsp;Olivier Y. Rouquette,&nbsp;Ann John,&nbsp;Kapil Sayal,&nbsp;Tamsin Ford,&nbsp;Anita Thapar","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.13987","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.13987","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Population-based studies have observed sex biases in the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Females are less likely to be diagnosed or prescribed ADHD medication. This study uses national healthcare records, to investigate sex differences in diagnosis and clinical care in young people with ADHD, particularly regarding recognition and treatment of other mental health conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cohort included individuals diagnosed with ADHD, born between 1989 and 2013 and living in Wales between 2000 and 2019. Routine primary and secondary healthcare record data were used to derive diagnoses of ADHD and other neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions, as well as ADHD and antidepressant medications. Demographic variables included ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation and contact with social services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 16,458 individuals diagnosed with ADHD (20.3% females, ages 3–30 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 3.9:1. Higher ratios (4.8:1) were seen in individuals diagnosed younger (&lt;12 years), with the lowest ratio (1.9:1) in those diagnosed as adults (&gt;18). Males were younger at first recorded ADHD diagnosis (mean = 10.9 vs. 12.6 years), more likely to be prescribed ADHD medication and younger at diagnosis of co-occurring neurodevelopmental conditions. In contrast, females were more likely to receive a diagnosis of anxiety, depression or another mental health condition and to be prescribed antidepressant medications, prior to ADHD diagnosis. These sex differences were largely stable across demographic groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study adds to the evidence base that females with ADHD are experiencing later recognition and treatment of ADHD. The results indicate that this may be partly because of diagnostic overshadowing from other mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression, or initial misdiagnosis. Further research and dissemination of findings to the public are needed to improve awareness, timely diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in females.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"65 12","pages":"1648-1658"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.13987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141305040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Review: Social cognition and everyday social skills in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis of case–control studies","authors":"Belen Haza,&nbsp;Corentin J. Gosling,&nbsp;Flavia Ciminaghi,&nbsp;Laurence Conty,&nbsp;Charlotte Pinabiaux","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies that have assessed social cognition in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have produced inconsistent findings. To summarize these data and shed light upon moderators that may explain observed inconsistencies, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring social cognition (Theory of Mind (ToM), Empathy, Facial and Non-Facial Emotion Recognition) and Everyday Social Skills in children and adolescents with ADHD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current meta-analysis involved 142 studies including 652 effect sizes. These studies compared children and adolescents with ADHD (<i>n</i> = 8,300) and with typical development (<i>n</i> = 7,983).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants with ADHD exhibited moderate to very large deficits in ToM (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.68–0.99), Facial Emotion Recognition (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.46–0.81), and Everyday Social Skills (SMD = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.08–1.37). The magnitude of these impairments was similar when considering effect sizes adjusted for some covariates and the methodological quality of the studies. Few studies have investigated Empathy and Non-Facial Emotion Recognition, which precludes definitive conclusions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children and adolescents with ADHD experience robust impairments in ToM, Facial Emotion Recognition and Everyday Social Skills. Future studies should explore whether these deficits are a consequence of difficulties in other areas of cognition (e.g., executive functioning). We have made all our raw data open access to facilitate the use of the present work by the community (e.g., clinicians looking for tools, assessing social impairments, or researchers designing new studies).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"65 9","pages":"1245-1254"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141299549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: “What say you?” The promise and potential pitfalls of using automated and passive monitoring approaches to assess parenting behaviours from verbal and written communication","authors":"Helen L. Fisher,&nbsp;Zoë Firth,&nbsp;Christine Aicardi,&nbsp;Johnny Downs","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rates of mental health problems in adolescence are rising as highlighted in this current issue of the <i>Journal</i>. It is therefore increasingly important to identify children who may be at risk so that preventive interventions can be deployed before they reach adolescence. Adverse parenting has long been considered a risk factor for poor mental health in adolescence, but the methods traditionally used to assess this are laborious, burdensome and costly. Recently, passive monitoring and automated approaches to collecting and analysing spoken and written forms of parental communication have been proposed. This editorial examines the promise of such technological advances for assessing parenting and provides words of caution from parents and young people that should be heeded before rolling these approaches out at scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"65 7","pages":"871-873"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.14008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in emotion regulation strategies during the pandemic: prospective pathways to adolescent depressive symptoms","authors":"Sihan Liu,&nbsp;Jianjie Xu,&nbsp;Huiting Cao,&nbsp;Ye An,&nbsp;Yijia Li,&nbsp;Zhuangyang Li,&nbsp;Mengyu (Miranda) Gao,&nbsp;Zhuo Rachel Han","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14027","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Emotion regulation (ER) is considered central in adolescent psychopathology, and ER strategies may change during challenging times, such as a global pandemic. Despite this, there remains a limited understanding of individual differences in ER mechanisms and their associations with psychopathology. This study examined whether and how cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and self-compassion changed over COVID-19 and how these changes uniquely predicted adolescents' depressive symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 2,411 adolescents (58.6% females; <i>M</i>_age = 18.51, <i>SD</i> = 0.80) completed the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, the Self-compassion Scale, and the Symptom Checklist-90 before COVID-19 (in 2019) and during COVID-19 (in 2020). The predictive associations between each ER strategy and depressive symptoms were tested with latent change score models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescents' use of expressive suppression and self-compassion strategies both increased during COVID-19. More increases in expressive suppression predicted more depressive symptoms, whereas more increases in self-compassion predicted fewer depressive symptoms. Although, on average, cognitive reappraisal did not change, it did show significant variations within the sample – increases (vs. decreases) in cognitive appraisal predicted fewer depressive symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study indicates how adolescents' ER strategies changed during the unprecedented global pandemic. It underscores protective roles of increased cognitive reappraisal and self-compassion, as well as the adverse consequence of heightened expressive suppression on adolescents' depressive symptoms. Findings offer insights for targeted interventions aimed at addressing specific ER strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"65 12","pages":"1638-1647"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pragmatic randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Well Parent Japan in routine care in Japan: The training and nurturing support for mothers (TRANSFORM) study","authors":"Shizuka Shimabukuro,&nbsp;Takashi Oshio,&nbsp;Takahiro Endo,&nbsp;Satoshi Harada,&nbsp;Yushiro Yamashita,&nbsp;Akemi Tomoda,&nbsp;Boliang Guo,&nbsp;Yuko Goto,&nbsp;Atsuko Ishii,&nbsp;Mio Izumi,&nbsp;Yukiko Nakahara,&nbsp;Kazushi Yamamoto,&nbsp;David Daley,&nbsp;Gail Tripp","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Well Parent Japan (WPJ) is a new hybrid group parent training programme combining sessions to improve mothers' psychological well-being with a culturally adapted version of the New Forest Parenting Programme (NFPP). This study investigates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of WPJ against treatment as usual (TAU) within Japanese child mental health services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TRANSFORM was a pragmatic multi-site randomised controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel arms. Altogether 124 mothers of 6–12-year-old children with DSM-5 ADHD were randomised to WPJ (<i>n</i> = 65) or TAU (<i>n</i> = 59). Participants were assessed at baseline, post-treatment and three-month follow-up. The primary outcome was parent-domain stress following intervention. Secondary outcomes included maternal reports of child-domain stress, parenting practices, parenting efficacy, mood, family strain, child behaviour and impairment. Objective measures of the parent–child relationship were collected at baseline and post-treatment. Data analysis was intention to treat (ITT) with treatment effects quantified through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) via multilevel modelling. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) assessed WPJ's cost-effectiveness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>WPJ was superior to TAU in reducing parent-domain stress post-treatment (adjusted mean difference = 5.05, 95% CI 0.33 to 9.81, <i>p</i> = .036) and at follow-up (adjusted mean difference 4.82, 95% CI 0.09 to 9.55, <i>p</i> = .046). Significant WPJ intervention effects were also observed for parenting practices, parenting efficacy and family strain. WPJ and TAU were not significantly different post-intervention or at follow-up for the other secondary outcomes. The incremental cost of WPJ was 34,202 JPY (315.81 USD). The probability that WPJ is cost-effective is 74% at 10,000 JPY (USD 108.30) per one-point improvement in parenting stress, 92% at 20,000 JPY (216.60 USD). The programme was delivered with high fidelity and excellent retention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>WPJ can be delivered in routine clinical care at modest cost with positive effects on self-reported well-being of the mothers, parenting practices and family coping. WPJ is a promising addition to psychosocial interventions for ADHD in Japan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"65 12","pages":"1624-1637"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.14007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141236641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of sub-optimal change following CBT for childhood anxiety","authors":"Lizel-Antoinette Bertie,&nbsp;Kristian Arendt,&nbsp;Jonathan R. I. Coleman,&nbsp;Peter Cooper,&nbsp;Cathy Creswell,&nbsp;Thalia C. Eley,&nbsp;Catharina Hartman,&nbsp;Einar R. Heiervang,&nbsp;Tina In-Albon,&nbsp;Karen Krause,&nbsp;Kathryn J. Lester,&nbsp;Carla E. Marin,&nbsp;Maaike Nauta,&nbsp;Ronald M. Rapee,&nbsp;Silvia Schneider,&nbsp;Carolyn Schniering,&nbsp;Wendy K. Silverman,&nbsp;Mikael Thastum,&nbsp;Kerstin Thirlwall,&nbsp;Polly Waite,&nbsp;Gro Janne Wergeland,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Hudson","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children and adolescents demonstrate diverse patterns of symptom change and disorder remission following cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders. To better understand children who respond sub-optimally to CBT, this study investigated youths (<i>N</i> = 1,483) who continued to meet criteria for one or more clinical anxiety diagnosis immediately following treatment or at any point during the 12 months following treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected from 10 clinical sites with assessments at pre-and post-treatment and at least once more at 3, 6 or 12-month follow-up. Participants were assigned to one of three groups based on diagnostic status for youths who: (a) retained an anxiety diagnosis from post to end point (minimal responders); (b) remitted anxiety diagnoses at post but relapsed by end point (relapsed responders); and (c) retained a diagnosis at post but remitted to be diagnosis free at end point (delayed responders). Growth curve models assessed patterns of change over time for the three groups and examined predictors associated with these patterns including demographic, clinical and parental factors, as well as treatment factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher primary disorder severity, being older, having a greater number of anxiety disorders, having social anxiety disorder, as well as higher maternal psychopathology differentiated the minimal responders from the delayed and relapsed responders at the baseline. Results from the growth curve models showed that severity of the primary disorder and treatment modality differentiated patterns of linear change only. Higher severity was associated with significantly less improvement over time for the minimal and relapsed response groups, as was receiving group CBT, when compared to the delayed response group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sub-optimal response patterns can be partially differentiated using variables assessed at pre-treatment. Increased understanding of different patterns of change following treatment may provide direction for clinical decision-making and for tailoring treatments to specific groups of clinically anxious youth. Future research may benefit from assessing progress during treatment to detect emerging response patterns earlier.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"65 12","pages":"1612-1623"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11563922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141178281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving forward. Use of the START NOW skills training program for female youth with ODD and CD – a commentary on Stadler et al. (2024)","authors":"Gail Tripp","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14024","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Female youth with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) are an under studied and underserved population at high risk for poor adjustment in later life. Stadler et al. (2024) attempt to redress this situation for adolescent females with CD or ODD with an adapted version of the skills training program START NOW. They describe the results of an ambitious randomized control trial, comparing START NOW with standard care in youth welfare settings in Germany, Switzerland, and The Netherlands. The findings appear promising, but the paper is especially valuable for the spotlight it shines on the needs of this underserved population and those caring for them, together with the importance of undertaking such trials despite their challenges. This commentary seeks to encourage readers to engage with the START NOW trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"65 10","pages":"1401-1402"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.14024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141156962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden in plain sight: delayed ADHD diagnosis among girls and women – a commentary on Skoglund et al. (2023)","authors":"Jessica C. Agnew-Blais","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Skoglund et al. (<i>Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry</i>, 2023) finds women with ADHD experience a nearly 4-year delay in receiving an ADHD diagnosis compared to men, despite also having high rates of prior contact with the mental health care system. In this commentary, I discuss the findings of Skoglund et al. and how they shed light on possible explanations for this diagnostic delay among women, and the need to consider women-specific issues, like times of hormonal change, in ADHD diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"65 10","pages":"1398-1400"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.14023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual Research Review: Mapping the multifaceted approaches and impacts of adverse childhood experiences - an umbrella review of meta-analyses.","authors":"Bitna Kim, Meghan Royle","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) significantly impact lifelong health and well-being. Despite extensive research, a comprehensive understanding of ACEs' multifaceted impacts continues to be challenging to achieve. This study synthesizes meta-analytic evidence to provide a comprehensive view of ACEs' effects, addressing various approaches to conceptualizing ACEs and their diverse outcomes. Employing an umbrella synthesis methodology, this review integrated findings from 99 meta-analyses involving 592 effect sizes. We examined ACEs through specificity, lumping, dimensional, and child maltreatment-centric approaches, assessing their impact across six domains: biological system dysregulation, neuropsychological impairments, physical health complications, mental health conditions, social and behavioral challenges, and criminal justice involvement. The findings reveal a small to moderate overall effect size of ACEs across outcome domains. Specific ACE approaches exhibited varying impact levels, with notable differences in effects on mental health, social/behavioral issues, and criminal justice involvement. When ACEs were aggregated without distinguishing between different types, but with consideration of their cumulative effects, adverse outcomes were significantly exacerbated. The child maltreatment-centric approach consistently demonstrated substantial effects across all evaluated domains. This review underscores the heterogeneity in ACEs' impacts, influenced by the type of ACE and specific outcomes considered. It highlights the necessity for comprehensive approaches to understanding, preventing, and mitigating the effects of ACEs. These insights are vital for developing targeted interventions and informing policy-making, emphasizing the complexity and varied nature of ACEs' influence on individual development and societal well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141074878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical distinction between cognitive disengagement syndrome and ADHD presentations in a nationally representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents","authors":"G. Leonard Burns,&nbsp;Stephen P. Becker,&nbsp;Juan José Montaño,&nbsp;Mateu Servera","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.14005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study sought to determine whether cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS, formerly sluggish cognitive tempo) has different external correlates relative to ADHD-inattentive presentation (INP), ADHD-hyperactive/impulsive presentation (HIP), and ADHD-combined presentation (CP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parents of a nationally representative sample of 5,525 Spanish youth (ages: 5–16, 56.1% boys) completed measures of CDS, ADHD-inattention (IN), and ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and other measures. Scores greater/less than the top 5% on CDS, ADHD-IN, and ADHD-HI were used to create control (<i>n</i> = 5,013, 90.73%), CDS-only (<i>n</i> = 131, 2.37%), ADHD-INP-only (<i>n</i> = 83, 1.50%), ADHD-HIP-only (<i>n</i> = 113, 2.05%), ADHD-CP-only (<i>n</i> = 48, 0.97%), CDS + ADHD-INP (<i>n</i> = 44, 0.80%), CDS + ADHD-HIP (<i>n</i> = 25, 0.45%), and CDS + ADHD-CP (<i>n</i> = 68, 1.23%) groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-nine percent of youth with clinically elevated CDS did not qualify for any ADHD presentation, whereas 64% of youth with clinically elevated ADHD did not qualify for CDS. The CDS-only group was higher than the ADHD-INP-only, ADHD-HIP-only, and ADHD-CP-only groups on anxiety, depression, somatization, daytime sleep-related impairment, nighttime sleep disturbance, and peer withdrawal, whereas the CDS-only and ADHD-INP-only groups did not differ on ODD (ADHD-HIP-only and ADHD-CP-only higher) and academic impairment (ADHD-CP-only higher than CDS-only and ADHD-HIP-only lower than CDS-only). The CDS-only group also had higher rates of anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder diagnoses than the ADHD-only group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A distinction was found between CDS and each ADHD presentation, thus providing support for CDS as a syndrome that frequently co-occurs with yet is distinct from each ADHD presentation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"65 12","pages":"1601-1611"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.14005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140920815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}