Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Impaired inhibitory control is observed in the majority of individuals with ADHD. Understanding the relationship between inhibitory control and the developmental trajectory of ADHD is essential for informing clinical prognosis and guiding early interventions.
Methods: We utilized Latent Growth Curve Modeling (LGCM) to map the developmental course of ADHD symptoms using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Concurrently, we examined the longitudinal correlation between inhibitory control and ADHD symptoms at corresponding time points. Additionally, a Bivariate Latent Change Score Model (BLCSM) was employed to investigate the relationship between changes in inhibitory control and ADHD symptoms. We also integrated Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) into the LGCM as predictors to explore the impact of genetic factors associated with inhibitory control and ADHD on the trajectory of ADHD symptoms.
Results: The LGCM analysis demonstrated that baseline inhibitory control influenced both the initial state and the rate of change of ADHD symptoms. Inhibitory control exhibited both concurrent and prospective associations with ADHD symptoms. Notably, the BLCSM revealed that changes in inhibitory control could predict future changes in ADHD symptoms, and vice versa. Dynamic changes in inhibitory control were found to affect future changes in ADHD symptoms. Additionally, the PRS for inhibitory control and ADHD were significantly linked to the initial state and rate of change of ADHD symptoms.
Conclusions: Our findings underscore a sustained correlation between inhibitory control and ADHD symptoms, highlighting the critical association between inhibitory control and the developmental trajectory of ADHD in children. Furthermore, the predictive value of inhibitory control for ADHD suggests a new avenue for early intervention, potentially improving the prognosis for ADHD patients.
{"title":"The trajectory of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and its dynamic relationship with inhibitory control.","authors":"Tao Pang, Li Yang, Yuxin Liu, Suhua Chang","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Impaired inhibitory control is observed in the majority of individuals with ADHD. Understanding the relationship between inhibitory control and the developmental trajectory of ADHD is essential for informing clinical prognosis and guiding early interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized Latent Growth Curve Modeling (LGCM) to map the developmental course of ADHD symptoms using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Concurrently, we examined the longitudinal correlation between inhibitory control and ADHD symptoms at corresponding time points. Additionally, a Bivariate Latent Change Score Model (BLCSM) was employed to investigate the relationship between changes in inhibitory control and ADHD symptoms. We also integrated Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) into the LGCM as predictors to explore the impact of genetic factors associated with inhibitory control and ADHD on the trajectory of ADHD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LGCM analysis demonstrated that baseline inhibitory control influenced both the initial state and the rate of change of ADHD symptoms. Inhibitory control exhibited both concurrent and prospective associations with ADHD symptoms. Notably, the BLCSM revealed that changes in inhibitory control could predict future changes in ADHD symptoms, and vice versa. Dynamic changes in inhibitory control were found to affect future changes in ADHD symptoms. Additionally, the PRS for inhibitory control and ADHD were significantly linked to the initial state and rate of change of ADHD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings underscore a sustained correlation between inhibitory control and ADHD symptoms, highlighting the critical association between inhibitory control and the developmental trajectory of ADHD in children. Furthermore, the predictive value of inhibitory control for ADHD suggests a new avenue for early intervention, potentially improving the prognosis for ADHD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychosis in children and adolescents has been studied on a spectrum from (common) psychotic experiences to (rare) early‐onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This research review looks at the state‐of‐the‐art for research across the psychosis spectrum, from evidence on psychotic experiences in community and clinical samples of children and adolescents to findings from psychosis risk syndrome research, to evidence on early‐onset psychotic disorders. The review also looks at new opportunities to capture psychosis risk in childhood and adolescence, including opportunities for early intervention, identifies important unanswered questions, and points to future directions for prevention research.
{"title":"Annual Research Review: Psychosis in children and adolescents: key updates from the past 2 decades on psychotic disorders, psychotic experiences, and psychosis risk","authors":"Ian Kelleher","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14088","url":null,"abstract":"Psychosis in children and adolescents has been studied on a spectrum from (common) psychotic experiences to (rare) early‐onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This research review looks at the state‐of‐the‐art for research across the psychosis spectrum, from evidence on psychotic experiences in community and clinical samples of children and adolescents to findings from psychosis risk syndrome research, to evidence on early‐onset psychotic disorders. The review also looks at new opportunities to capture psychosis risk in childhood and adolescence, including opportunities for early intervention, identifies important unanswered questions, and points to future directions for prevention research.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundMore research is needed to understand psychopathology among parents of children with mental disorders in the years before and after the child is diagnosed. Here, we estimated the risk of mental disorders and psychotropic medication use in parents of children with versus without mental disorders and the temporal associations between child and parental psychopathology.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based matched cohort study using Danish register data. The study population included child–parent pairs of all children diagnosed with a mental disorder of interest (attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, anxiety disorder, mood disorder, eating disorder, substance use disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorder) by 18 years of age during the period 1999–2014 and a matched reference population. Each child with a diagnosis was matched to 10 children of the same sex and birth year who had not been diagnosed with the mental disorder of interest. For all parents, we estimated the yearly incidence proportion of parental mental disorders and prescriptions for psychotropic medications 4 years before and after the child's diagnosis.ResultsWe observed a substantially increased risk of mental disorders and psychotropic medication use among parents of children with a mental disorder, compared to the reference population. On average, parents of children with a diagnosis had twice the odds of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and prescriptions for anti‐depressants and anti‐psychotics. The incidence of mood and anxiety disorders peaked in the 1–2 years before and after the child's diagnosis. The incidence of parental prescriptions for psychotropic medications (particularly anti‐psychotics) peaked in the year the child was diagnosed and in the 3 years before the child's diagnosis for anti‐depressants and sleep medications.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates clear temporal associations between child and parental psychopathology, with parental psychopathology peaking in the years immediately before and after the child's diagnosis.
{"title":"Parental psychopathology before and after the child's diagnosis of a mental disorder: a population‐based matched cohort study","authors":"Hannah Chatwin, Katrine Holde, Theresa Wimberley, Søren Dalsgaard, Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14113","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundMore research is needed to understand psychopathology among parents of children with mental disorders in the years before and after the child is diagnosed. Here, we estimated the risk of mental disorders and psychotropic medication use in parents of children with versus without mental disorders and the temporal associations between child and parental psychopathology.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based matched cohort study using Danish register data. The study population included child–parent pairs of all children diagnosed with a mental disorder of interest (attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, anxiety disorder, mood disorder, eating disorder, substance use disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorder) by 18 years of age during the period 1999–2014 and a matched reference population. Each child with a diagnosis was matched to 10 children of the same sex and birth year who had not been diagnosed with the mental disorder of interest. For all parents, we estimated the yearly incidence proportion of parental mental disorders and prescriptions for psychotropic medications 4 years before and after the child's diagnosis.ResultsWe observed a substantially increased risk of mental disorders and psychotropic medication use among parents of children with a mental disorder, compared to the reference population. On average, parents of children with a diagnosis had twice the odds of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and prescriptions for anti‐depressants and anti‐psychotics. The incidence of mood and anxiety disorders peaked in the 1–2 years before and after the child's diagnosis. The incidence of parental prescriptions for psychotropic medications (particularly anti‐psychotics) peaked in the year the child was diagnosed and in the 3 years <jats:italic>before</jats:italic> the child's diagnosis for anti‐depressants and sleep medications.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates clear temporal associations between child and parental psychopathology, with parental psychopathology peaking in the years immediately before and after the child's diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annabelle M Mournet, John K Kellerman, Jessica L Hamilton, Evan M Kleiman
Background: Suicide attempts and deaths among children are increasing in the United States, yet suicide in this preadolescent population remains understudied. A clearer understanding of which youth experience early onset of suicidal behavior is crucial for predicting risk and identifying youth best suited to early intervention. This paper examines how intersectional marginalized identities may predict the onset of suicidal behaviors among preadolescent youth.
Methods: The Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is a prospective cohort study with annual assessments of youth ages 9 and 10 and their caregivers. Lifetime suicide attempts and preparatory suicidal behaviors were assessed annually. Survival models examined overall trends and demographic differences in the onset of suicidal behaviors.
Results: The final sample included 11,223 participants (mean age = 9.9 years old, SD = 7.5 months). 5,280 (47%) reported a minoritized racial/ethnic identity, and 1,410 (12.6%) were categorized as sexual or gender minorities. 208 suicide attempts and 143 instances of preparatory suicidal behaviors were reported across the study period. An interaction effect was found such that youth who hold multiple minoritized identities (i.e., sexual and gender minority youth from minoritized racial/ethnic backgrounds) were at elevated risk for onset of both suicide attempts (HR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.59-5.56, p = .001) and preparatory suicidal behaviors (b = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.38-6.93, p = .006).
Conclusions: Intersectional marginalized identities were associated with earlier onset of suicide attempts and preparatory suicidal behaviors. Findings suggest that early interventions for minoritized youth may be important to reduce the rapidly increasing suicide rate among preadolescent youth.
背景：在美国，儿童的自杀企图和死亡人数正在增加，但这一青春期前人群的自杀行为仍未得到充分研究。更清楚地了解哪些青少年经历过自杀行为的早期发作，对于预测风险和确定最适合早期干预的青少年至关重要。本文探讨了交叉边缘身份如何预测青春期前青少年自杀行为的发生。方法：青少年大脑和认知发展（ABCD）研究是一项前瞻性队列研究，每年对9岁和10岁的青少年及其照顾者进行评估。每年对终生自杀企图和预备自杀行为进行评估。生存模型研究了自杀行为发生的总体趋势和人口统计学差异。结果：最终样本包括11,223名参与者（平均年龄= 9.9岁，SD = 7.5个月）。5280人（47%）报告了自己的少数种族/民族身份，1410人（12.6%）被归类为性或性别少数群体。在整个研究期间，报告了208例自杀企图和143例预备自杀行为。研究发现，具有多重少数群体身份的青少年（即来自少数种族/民族背景的性少数和性别少数青少年）发生自杀企图（HR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.59-5.56, p = .001）和预备自杀行为（b = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.38-6.93, p = .006）的风险均较高。结论：交叉边缘身份与早期自杀企图和预备自杀行为有关。研究结果表明，对少数族裔青少年的早期干预可能对降低青春期前青少年中迅速增加的自杀率很重要。
{"title":"Intersectional marginalized identities as predictors of time until first reported suicide attempt among preadolescent youth using survival analysis.","authors":"Annabelle M Mournet, John K Kellerman, Jessica L Hamilton, Evan M Kleiman","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide attempts and deaths among children are increasing in the United States, yet suicide in this preadolescent population remains understudied. A clearer understanding of which youth experience early onset of suicidal behavior is crucial for predicting risk and identifying youth best suited to early intervention. This paper examines how intersectional marginalized identities may predict the onset of suicidal behaviors among preadolescent youth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is a prospective cohort study with annual assessments of youth ages 9 and 10 and their caregivers. Lifetime suicide attempts and preparatory suicidal behaviors were assessed annually. Survival models examined overall trends and demographic differences in the onset of suicidal behaviors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final sample included 11,223 participants (mean age = 9.9 years old, SD = 7.5 months). 5,280 (47%) reported a minoritized racial/ethnic identity, and 1,410 (12.6%) were categorized as sexual or gender minorities. 208 suicide attempts and 143 instances of preparatory suicidal behaviors were reported across the study period. An interaction effect was found such that youth who hold multiple minoritized identities (i.e., sexual and gender minority youth from minoritized racial/ethnic backgrounds) were at elevated risk for onset of both suicide attempts (HR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.59-5.56, p = .001) and preparatory suicidal behaviors (b = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.38-6.93, p = .006).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intersectional marginalized identities were associated with earlier onset of suicide attempts and preparatory suicidal behaviors. Findings suggest that early interventions for minoritized youth may be important to reduce the rapidly increasing suicide rate among preadolescent youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Germán Grande, Tonje Amland, Elsje van Bergen, Monica Melby-Lervåg, Arne Lervåg
Background: Numerous studies have investigated the associations between the home literacy environment (HLE) and children's word reading skills. However, these associations may partly reflect shared genetic factors since parents provide both the reading environment and their child's genetic predisposition to reading. Hence, the relationship between the HLE and children's reading is genetically confounded. To address this, parents' reading abilities have been suggested as a covariate, serving as a proxy for genetic transmission. The few studies that have incorporated this covariate control have made no distinction between the HLE reported by each parent or controlled for different skills in parents and children. We predicted children's reading development over time by the reading abilities of both parents as covariates and both parents' self-reported HLE as predictors.
Methods: We analyzed data from 242 unrelated children, 193 mothers, and 144 fathers. Children's word reading was assessed in Grades 1 and 3, and parents' word reading was assessed on a single occasion. Predictors of children's reading development included literacy resources and shared reading activities.
Results: Children's reading in Grade 3 was predicted by mothers' engagement in reading activities and by literacy resources at home, even after controlling for the genetic proxy of parental reading abilities. The longitudinal rate of change from Grades 1 to 3 was not associated with the HLE or parental reading.
Conclusions: Our finding that parental reading skills predicted children's word reading beyond children's initial word reading underscores the importance of considering genetic confounding in research on the home environment. Beyond parental reading abilities, children's skills were predicted by literacy resources in the home and by how often mothers engage in reading activities with their children. This suggests true environmental effects.
{"title":"The intergenerational impact of mothers and fathers on children's word reading development.","authors":"Germán Grande, Tonje Amland, Elsje van Bergen, Monica Melby-Lervåg, Arne Lervåg","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous studies have investigated the associations between the home literacy environment (HLE) and children's word reading skills. However, these associations may partly reflect shared genetic factors since parents provide both the reading environment and their child's genetic predisposition to reading. Hence, the relationship between the HLE and children's reading is genetically confounded. To address this, parents' reading abilities have been suggested as a covariate, serving as a proxy for genetic transmission. The few studies that have incorporated this covariate control have made no distinction between the HLE reported by each parent or controlled for different skills in parents and children. We predicted children's reading development over time by the reading abilities of both parents as covariates and both parents' self-reported HLE as predictors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 242 unrelated children, 193 mothers, and 144 fathers. Children's word reading was assessed in Grades 1 and 3, and parents' word reading was assessed on a single occasion. Predictors of children's reading development included literacy resources and shared reading activities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children's reading in Grade 3 was predicted by mothers' engagement in reading activities and by literacy resources at home, even after controlling for the genetic proxy of parental reading abilities. The longitudinal rate of change from Grades 1 to 3 was not associated with the HLE or parental reading.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our finding that parental reading skills predicted children's word reading beyond children's initial word reading underscores the importance of considering genetic confounding in research on the home environment. Beyond parental reading abilities, children's skills were predicted by literacy resources in the home and by how often mothers engage in reading activities with their children. This suggests true environmental effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tom Chin‐Han Wu, Alex Lloyd, Essi Viding, Pasco Fearon
BackgroundInterpersonal outcomes and mental health problems are closely associated. However, their reciprocal influence has not been directly examined while considering the temporal stability of these constructs, as well as shared and unique variance associated with internalising, externalising and attention problems. Using random intercept cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPM), we tested the hypotheses that negative bidirectional associations at the between‐person and negative cross‐lagged effects at the within‐person level would emerge between interpersonal outcomes (friendship quality and perceived popularity) and mental health problems (i.e. general psychopathology factor) during preadolescence.MethodsParticipants (n = 918) were from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Psychopathology, consisting of a general psychopathology factor (p‐factor) and three specific factors (internalising, externalising and attention problems), was derived from mother‐reported Child Behaviour Checklist symptoms. Friendship quality was assessed using the self‐reported Friendship Quality Questionnaire. Popularity was assessed using teacher‐reported popularity ranking. Four RI‐CLPM were estimated to examine the associations between interpersonal outcomes and psychopathology at between‐ and within‐person levels across four timepoints (mean ages 8–11).ResultsAt the between‐person level, popularity scores, but not friendship quality, were negatively associated with p‐factor scores (β = −.33). At the within‐person level, we found (i) p‐factor scores at age 9 negatively predicted friendship quality and popularity at age 10, but not at other ages (β = −.16 to −.19); (ii) specific externalising factor scores at age 10 negatively predicted friendship quality at age 11 (β = −.10) and specific internalising factor scores at ages 8 and 9 positively predicted friendship quality at ages 9 and 10 (β = .09–.12) and (iii) popularity at age 10 negatively predicted specific internalising factor scores at age 11 (β = −.12).ConclusionsPsychopathology was found to influence interpersonal outcomes during preadolescence, while the reverse effects were less readily observed, once between‐person level effects were accounted for.
{"title":"Examining longitudinal associations between interpersonal outcomes and general psychopathology factors across preadolescence using random intercept cross‐lagged panel model","authors":"Tom Chin‐Han Wu, Alex Lloyd, Essi Viding, Pasco Fearon","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14105","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundInterpersonal outcomes and mental health problems are closely associated. However, their reciprocal influence has not been directly examined while considering the temporal stability of these constructs, as well as shared and unique variance associated with internalising, externalising and attention problems. Using random intercept cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPM), we tested the hypotheses that negative bidirectional associations at the between‐person and negative cross‐lagged effects at the within‐person level would emerge between interpersonal outcomes (friendship quality and perceived popularity) and mental health problems (i.e. general psychopathology factor) during preadolescence.MethodsParticipants (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 918) were from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Psychopathology, consisting of a general psychopathology factor (p‐factor) and three specific factors (internalising, externalising and attention problems), was derived from mother‐reported Child Behaviour Checklist symptoms. Friendship quality was assessed using the self‐reported Friendship Quality Questionnaire. Popularity was assessed using teacher‐reported popularity ranking. Four RI‐CLPM were estimated to examine the associations between interpersonal outcomes and psychopathology at between‐ and within‐person levels across four timepoints (mean ages 8–11).ResultsAt the between‐person level, popularity scores, but not friendship quality, were negatively associated with p‐factor scores (β = −.33). At the within‐person level, we found (i) p‐factor scores at age 9 negatively predicted friendship quality and popularity at age 10, but not at other ages (β = −.16 to −.19); (ii) specific externalising factor scores at age 10 negatively predicted friendship quality at age 11 (β = −.10) and specific internalising factor scores at ages 8 and 9 positively predicted friendship quality at ages 9 and 10 (β = .09–.12) and (iii) popularity at age 10 negatively predicted specific internalising factor scores at age 11 (β = −.12).ConclusionsPsychopathology was found to influence interpersonal outcomes during preadolescence, while the reverse effects were less readily observed, once between‐person level effects were accounted for.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah A.O. Gray, Jonas G. Miller, Erin B. Glackin, Virginia Hatch, Stacy S. Drury
BackgroundFamily environment plays a critical role in shaping stress response systems. Concordance between mothers' and children's physiological states, specifically their Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA), reflects dyadic co‐regulation. Negative or weakened RSA synchrony during interactions is linked to various psychosocial risks, but existing research has focused on risks in the mother or child as opposed to the dyad. This study examined the association between maternal‐child RSA synchrony and maternal ACEs, given documented associations with offspring RSA, as well as more proximal documented risks, including maternal psychopathology and children's early adversity and psychopathology. Given that sensitive parent–child relationships are a powerful source of resilience, we tested whether parent–child relationship quality buffered associations between maternal ACEs and RSA synchrony.MethodsIn a community sample of mother–child dyads experiencing high sociodemographic risk and oversampled for exposure to adversity, mothers (n = 123) reported on their ACEs (43.1% ≥4), their 3–5‐year‐old children's exposure to violence, and psychological symptoms. Dyads completed a puzzle task while EKG was recorded, from which maternal and child RSA was derived; parent–child relationship quality during interactions was coded observationally. Multilevel models examined within‐dyad mother–child RSA synchrony across the interaction and between‐dyad predictors of synchrony.ResultsParent–child relationship quality and maternal ACEs co‐contributed to offspring and dyadic physiology. Maternal ACEs predicted dampened RSA in the child and dampened RSA synchrony in the dyad, only among dyads with low observer‐rated parent–child relationship quality during the interaction. In other words, high‐quality parent–child relationship quality buffered the association between maternal ACEs and dampened offspring and dyadic physiology.ConclusionsResults suggest that mothers' early adversity may disrupt physiological regulation at both the individual child and dyadic level. High‐quality parent–child relationships mitigated this effect.
{"title":"Parent–child relationship quality buffers the association between mothers' adverse childhood experiences and physiological synchrony","authors":"Sarah A.O. Gray, Jonas G. Miller, Erin B. Glackin, Virginia Hatch, Stacy S. Drury","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14108","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundFamily environment plays a critical role in shaping stress response systems. Concordance between mothers' and children's physiological states, specifically their Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA), reflects dyadic co‐regulation. Negative or weakened RSA synchrony during interactions is linked to various psychosocial risks, but existing research has focused on risks in the mother or child as opposed to the dyad. This study examined the association between maternal‐child RSA synchrony and maternal ACEs, given documented associations with offspring RSA, as well as more proximal documented risks, including maternal psychopathology and children's early adversity and psychopathology. Given that sensitive parent–child relationships are a powerful source of resilience, we tested whether parent–child relationship quality buffered associations between maternal ACEs and RSA synchrony.MethodsIn a community sample of mother–child dyads experiencing high sociodemographic risk and oversampled for exposure to adversity, mothers (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 123) reported on their ACEs (43.1% ≥4), their 3–5‐year‐old children's exposure to violence, and psychological symptoms. Dyads completed a puzzle task while EKG was recorded, from which maternal and child RSA was derived; parent–child relationship quality during interactions was coded observationally. Multilevel models examined within‐dyad mother–child RSA synchrony across the interaction and between‐dyad predictors of synchrony.ResultsParent–child relationship quality and maternal ACEs co‐contributed to offspring and dyadic physiology. Maternal ACEs predicted dampened RSA in the child and dampened RSA synchrony in the dyad, only among dyads with low observer‐rated parent–child relationship quality during the interaction. In other words, high‐quality parent–child relationship quality buffered the association between maternal ACEs and dampened offspring and dyadic physiology.ConclusionsResults suggest that mothers' early adversity may disrupt physiological regulation at both the individual child and dyadic level. High‐quality parent–child relationships mitigated this effect.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A diverse body of research conducted since the start of Covid‐19 has investigated the impact of the pandemic on children's environments and their language development. This scoping review synthesises the peer‐reviewed research literature on this topic between 2020 and 2023. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, we searched five databases for studies that fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: studies with neurotypical (monolingual or multilingual) 0‐6‐year‐old children; studies focusing on any area of language development, including sources describing literacy or educational practices that impacted language development; studies focusing in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, with no restrictions of geographical location or language used by participants. Ninety‐four eligible studies were identified for review. The extracted data were synthesised using frequency tables and narrative descriptions. Eligible studies used a wide range of data collection periods, methods, research sites, sample ages, sizes, and roles to fulfil 15 broad aims. They show that children's language‐learning environments were significantly impacted, with variability over time and across the socioeconomic spectrum. Together they investigated diverse language domains, as well as several home, educational, and demographic factors that were hypothesised to impact children's language development. Of those studies that focused on language outcomes, most converge to suggest a decline in typical expectations of children's language development, including their social communication, vocabulary, morphosyntax, literacy, and language of schooling, as well as general communication skills, school readiness, and other areas of academic progress. Our synthesis suggests that children's language and environment were significantly impacted by COVID‐19. This scoping review will support families, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working with pandemic‐era children to further understand the effects of the pandemic on children's development.
{"title":"Annual Research Review: How did COVID‐19 affect young children's language environment and language development? A scoping review","authors":"Cecilia Zuniga‐Montanez, Catherine Davies, Laurie Ligoxygakis, Draško Kašćelan, Nayeli Gonzalez‐Gomez","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14102","url":null,"abstract":"A diverse body of research conducted since the start of Covid‐19 has investigated the impact of the pandemic on children's environments and their language development. This scoping review synthesises the peer‐reviewed research literature on this topic between 2020 and 2023. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, we searched five databases for studies that fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: studies with neurotypical (monolingual or multilingual) 0‐6‐year‐old children; studies focusing on any area of language development, including sources describing literacy or educational practices that impacted language development; studies focusing in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, with no restrictions of geographical location or language used by participants. Ninety‐four eligible studies were identified for review. The extracted data were synthesised using frequency tables and narrative descriptions. Eligible studies used a wide range of data collection periods, methods, research sites, sample ages, sizes, and roles to fulfil 15 broad aims. They show that children's language‐learning environments were significantly impacted, with variability over time and across the socioeconomic spectrum. Together they investigated diverse language domains, as well as several home, educational, and demographic factors that were hypothesised to impact children's language development. Of those studies that focused on language outcomes, most converge to suggest a decline in typical expectations of children's language development, including their social communication, vocabulary, morphosyntax, literacy, and language of schooling, as well as general communication skills, school readiness, and other areas of academic progress. Our synthesis suggests that children's language and environment were significantly impacted by COVID‐19. This scoping review will support families, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working with pandemic‐era children to further understand the effects of the pandemic on children's development.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baolin Wu, Xun Zhang, Hongsheng Xie, Baoshuai Zhang, Yanxin Ling, Ruoqiu Gan, Lihua Qiu, Neil Roberts, Zhiyun Jia, Qiyong Gong
BackgroundNeuroimaging studies have identified brain structural and functional alterations in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD); however, the results are inconsistent, and whether patients exhibit spatially convergent structural and functional brain abnormalities remains unclear.MethodsWe conducted voxel‐wise meta‐analysis of voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and resting‐state functional studies, respectively, to identify regional gray matter volume (GMV) and brain activity alterations in adolescent MDD patients. Multimodal analysis was performed to examine the overlap of regional GMV and brain activity alterations. Meta‐regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of clinical variables.ResultsTen whole‐brain VBM studies (403 patients and 319 controls) and 14 resting‐state functional studies (510 patients and 474 controls) were included. Adolescent MDD patients showed conjoint structural and functional alterations in the left medial/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, lateral temporal cortex and sensorimotor regions, and left insula. Adolescent MDD patients showed structural‐specific abnormalities in the subcortical and prefrontal‐limbic regions and functional‐specific abnormalities in the right insula, right superior occipital gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus and left precuneus. Meta‐regression analyses revealed that the mean age of adolescents with MDD was positively associated with GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus and negatively associated with brain activity in the right insula, and the symptom severity of adolescents with MDD was positively associated with brain activity in the right superior occipital gyrus.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis identified complicated patterns of conjoint and dissociated brain alterations in adolescent MDD patients, which may advance our understanding of the neurobiology of adolescent MDD.
{"title":"Research Review: Shared and distinct structural and functional brain alterations in adolescents with major depressive disorder' – a multimodal meta‐analysis","authors":"Baolin Wu, Xun Zhang, Hongsheng Xie, Baoshuai Zhang, Yanxin Ling, Ruoqiu Gan, Lihua Qiu, Neil Roberts, Zhiyun Jia, Qiyong Gong","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14104","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundNeuroimaging studies have identified brain structural and functional alterations in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD); however, the results are inconsistent, and whether patients exhibit spatially convergent structural and functional brain abnormalities remains unclear.MethodsWe conducted voxel‐wise meta‐analysis of voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and resting‐state functional studies, respectively, to identify regional gray matter volume (GMV) and brain activity alterations in adolescent MDD patients. Multimodal analysis was performed to examine the overlap of regional GMV and brain activity alterations. Meta‐regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of clinical variables.ResultsTen whole‐brain VBM studies (403 patients and 319 controls) and 14 resting‐state functional studies (510 patients and 474 controls) were included. Adolescent MDD patients showed conjoint structural and functional alterations in the left medial/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, lateral temporal cortex and sensorimotor regions, and left insula. Adolescent MDD patients showed structural‐specific abnormalities in the subcortical and prefrontal‐limbic regions and functional‐specific abnormalities in the right insula, right superior occipital gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus and left precuneus. Meta‐regression analyses revealed that the mean age of adolescents with MDD was positively associated with GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus and negatively associated with brain activity in the right insula, and the symptom severity of adolescents with MDD was positively associated with brain activity in the right superior occipital gyrus.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis identified complicated patterns of conjoint and dissociated brain alterations in adolescent MDD patients, which may advance our understanding of the neurobiology of adolescent MDD.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"310 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne J. Maheux, Kaitlyn Burnell, Maria T. Maza, Kara A. Fox, Eva H. Telzer, Mitchell J. Prinstein
Social media have drastically changed the context of adolescent development. To date, the majority of research investigating the effects of these changes has measured time spent on social media, yielding inconclusive results—likely because this approach conceptualizes social media as a monolith. Social media experiences are complex and diverse, as are adolescents themselves. Emerging research has identified several specific components of social media that have varied associations with adolescent mental health, as well as individual difference factors that may alter these associations across adolescents. In this annual research review, we synthesize evidence regarding heterogeneity in social media effects related to (a) specific components of social media and (b) adolescents' individual differences regarding social media use and effects. We first focus on the specific social media components—content, features, and functions—that may be especially relevant for adolescent development. These include functions designed to foster relationships and social connections (e.g., social media feeds, ‘friends’), hateful content, notifications, risky content, and algorithmically curated content, among others. Next, we provide an overview of for whom these effects may matter most. We review research on individual differences that may explain some heterogeneity in social media effects, including gender/sex, age, marginalized status, neurobiological and social sensitivities, and other preexisting vulnerabilities to mental health concerns. The nascent work in these areas suggests many specific constructs and considerations that could drive future research examining nuanced and precise questions that go beyond ‘screen time’. We discuss avenues for researchers to leverage methodological advancements and address how specific social media experiences and individual differences shape developmental outcomes.
{"title":"Annual Research Review: Adolescent social media use is not a monolith: toward the study of specific social media components and individual differences","authors":"Anne J. Maheux, Kaitlyn Burnell, Maria T. Maza, Kara A. Fox, Eva H. Telzer, Mitchell J. Prinstein","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.14085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14085","url":null,"abstract":"Social media have drastically changed the context of adolescent development. To date, the majority of research investigating the effects of these changes has measured time spent on social media, yielding inconclusive results—likely because this approach conceptualizes social media as a monolith. Social media experiences are complex and diverse, as are adolescents themselves. Emerging research has identified several specific components of social media that have varied associations with adolescent mental health, as well as individual difference factors that may alter these associations across adolescents. In this annual research review, we synthesize evidence regarding heterogeneity in social media effects related to (a) specific components of social media and (b) adolescents' individual differences regarding social media use and effects. We first focus on the specific social media components—content, features, and functions—that may be especially relevant for adolescent development. These include functions designed to foster relationships and social connections (e.g., social media feeds, ‘friends’), hateful content, notifications, risky content, and algorithmically curated content, among others. Next, we provide an overview of for whom these effects may matter most. We review research on individual differences that may explain some heterogeneity in social media effects, including gender/sex, age, marginalized status, neurobiological and social sensitivities, and other preexisting vulnerabilities to mental health concerns. The nascent work in these areas suggests many specific constructs and considerations that could drive future research examining nuanced and precise questions that go beyond ‘screen time’. We discuss avenues for researchers to leverage methodological advancements and address how specific social media experiences and individual differences shape developmental outcomes.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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