Pub Date : 2012-07-06DOI: 10.1504/IJSEI.2012.047628
S. Idowu
The field of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been embraced globally by modern corporate entities of all shapes and forms. Advocates of the field argue that corporations that are perceived by society as being socially responsible are likely to derive enormous benefits from being so. They argue that most stakeholders whether primary or secondary, internal or external, local or national offer their support of the actions of these socially responsible corporations. Most would agree that corporate responsibility is an excellent idea, but from where did the ideology of CSR originate? An examination of the literature has given no conclusive evidence as to whether CSR is a capitalists’ doctrine; in fact the literature is unusually silent in this respect, perhaps it is assumed that we all know. However, after examining the activities that stem from the ideology and considering the presence of the word ‘social’ in its very name one may deduce that CSR is a socialist doctrine. What history has preceded the evolution of CSR in today’s corporation? Why are multinational corporations from these capitalists’ states now exporting the ideology throughout the world? Is CSR representative of a new form of capitalist ideology? These are some of the issues that this study will explore in depth in order to establish the origins of CSR practiced by capitalist corporations in the 21st century.
{"title":"Corporate Social Responsibility: A capitalist ideology?","authors":"S. Idowu","doi":"10.1504/IJSEI.2012.047628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSEI.2012.047628","url":null,"abstract":"The field of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been embraced globally by modern corporate entities of all shapes and forms. Advocates of the field argue that corporations that are perceived by society as being socially responsible are likely to derive enormous benefits from being so. They argue that most stakeholders whether primary or secondary, internal or external, local or national offer their support of the actions of these socially responsible corporations. Most would agree that corporate responsibility is an excellent idea, but from where did the ideology of CSR originate? An examination of the literature has given no conclusive evidence as to whether CSR is a capitalists’ doctrine; in fact the literature is unusually silent in this respect, perhaps it is assumed that we all know. However, after examining the activities that stem from the ideology and considering the presence of the word ‘social’ in its very name one may deduce that CSR is a socialist doctrine. What history has preceded the evolution of CSR in today’s corporation? Why are multinational corporations from these capitalists’ states now exporting the ideology throughout the world? Is CSR representative of a new form of capitalist ideology? These are some of the issues that this study will explore in depth in order to establish the origins of CSR practiced by capitalist corporations in the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":187252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132634876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-06DOI: 10.1504/IJSEI.2012.047633
Jill McGinley Yurko, Laurie Ayre
President Obama’s State of the Union Address in January 2011 included a commitment to re-authorise the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), also known as the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act. NCLB had been criticised by education leaders (Berliner, 2009; Noddings, 2007), policymakers and practitioners, while others had noted benefits in its implementation. Critics, hoped that instead of abandoning NCLB, a new administration would make substantial improvements to it. This paper proposes to review major principles of the act, explain some of the benefits and disadvantages of the mandates for accountability as perceived by educational experts, and summarise what is known currently about President Obama’s proposals to address accountability in re-authorising ESEA.
{"title":"Leveraging social innovation in US educational reform: a review of legislation and policy recommendations","authors":"Jill McGinley Yurko, Laurie Ayre","doi":"10.1504/IJSEI.2012.047633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSEI.2012.047633","url":null,"abstract":"President Obama’s State of the Union Address in January 2011 included a commitment to re-authorise the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), also known as the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act. NCLB had been criticised by education leaders (Berliner, 2009; Noddings, 2007), policymakers and practitioners, while others had noted benefits in its implementation. Critics, hoped that instead of abandoning NCLB, a new administration would make substantial improvements to it. This paper proposes to review major principles of the act, explain some of the benefits and disadvantages of the mandates for accountability as perceived by educational experts, and summarise what is known currently about President Obama’s proposals to address accountability in re-authorising ESEA.","PeriodicalId":187252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124431367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-06DOI: 10.1504/IJSEI.2012.047631
Tim Curtis, R. Nalbandian
This paper explores the underlying public entrepreneurship in the coffee industry in Ethiopia. It investigates the concept of political innovation in a public sector entrepreneurship agenda, in the context of work exploring the employment of entrepreneurship by the state as a economic and social development strategy in post-socialist countries such as China (Curtis, 2011) and Poland (Curtis et al., 2010). The case study confirms other research on post-socialist economies but indicates the risks of participation in commodity markets, rather than shaping long-term markets (Mazzucato, 2011), and being subjected to the turmoil of unregulated markets, rather than mastering of them.
本文探讨了埃塞俄比亚咖啡行业潜在的公众创业精神。它在中国(Curtis, 2011)和波兰(Curtis et al.， 2010)等后社会主义国家探索国家将企业家精神作为经济和社会发展战略的背景下，研究了公共部门创业议程中政治创新的概念。该案例研究证实了其他关于后社会主义经济的研究，但指出了参与商品市场的风险，而不是塑造长期市场(Mazzucato, 2011)，并受到不受监管的市场动荡的影响，而不是掌握它们。
{"title":"Institutional entrepreneurship in the Ethiopian coffee industry","authors":"Tim Curtis, R. Nalbandian","doi":"10.1504/IJSEI.2012.047631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSEI.2012.047631","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the underlying public entrepreneurship in the coffee industry in Ethiopia. It investigates the concept of political innovation in a public sector entrepreneurship agenda, in the context of work exploring the employment of entrepreneurship by the state as a economic and social development strategy in post-socialist countries such as China (Curtis, 2011) and Poland (Curtis et al., 2010). The case study confirms other research on post-socialist economies but indicates the risks of participation in commodity markets, rather than shaping long-term markets (Mazzucato, 2011), and being subjected to the turmoil of unregulated markets, rather than mastering of them.","PeriodicalId":187252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122547008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-06DOI: 10.1504/IJSEI.2012.047630
C. Adendorff
Nanotechnology the science of building structures by the manipulation and placement of individual atoms and molecules is fast becoming an important segment to the next technological transformation, as many scientists, futurists and researchers agree. Nanotechnology, as a rapidly progressing field and coupled with the advances of the past fifty years, will have a tremendous impact on fields such as materials, electronics and medicine towards 2025. Rather than providing a detailed approach, this article will identify promising nanotechnology movements and their potentially significant effects on the world, including those with ethical implications. It will focus largely on one aspect of nanotechnology, namely molecular assembly, which could in principle enable manufacturing and production through the bottom-up assembly of consumer goods and products, one atom at a time.
{"title":"Future trends in nanotechnology and molecular assembly: conceptualising technological innovation and social impact towards 2025","authors":"C. Adendorff","doi":"10.1504/IJSEI.2012.047630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSEI.2012.047630","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology the science of building structures by the manipulation and placement of individual atoms and molecules is fast becoming an important segment to the next technological transformation, as many scientists, futurists and researchers agree. Nanotechnology, as a rapidly progressing field and coupled with the advances of the past fifty years, will have a tremendous impact on fields such as materials, electronics and medicine towards 2025. Rather than providing a detailed approach, this article will identify promising nanotechnology movements and their potentially significant effects on the world, including those with ethical implications. It will focus largely on one aspect of nanotechnology, namely molecular assembly, which could in principle enable manufacturing and production through the bottom-up assembly of consumer goods and products, one atom at a time.","PeriodicalId":187252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133688161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043746
K. Nolan
Fish farming currently accounts for approximately 46% of all consumed fish, which is a dramatic increase over the past 20 years. Problems such as mixing of farmed with wild fish, transgenic fish, disease, pollution, antibiotic resistance and regulations are addressed. These are juxtaposed with positives such as food insecurity and malnutrition alleviation and economic empowerment that occur as a result of fish farming. Socio-economic innovations and entrepreneurship through fish farming will continue to be a positive response overall to our era of global economic and financial crisis.
{"title":"Fish farming: socio-economic innovations to empower the small farmer","authors":"K. Nolan","doi":"10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043746","url":null,"abstract":"Fish farming currently accounts for approximately 46% of all consumed fish, which is a dramatic increase over the past 20 years. Problems such as mixing of farmed with wild fish, transgenic fish, disease, pollution, antibiotic resistance and regulations are addressed. These are juxtaposed with positives such as food insecurity and malnutrition alleviation and economic empowerment that occur as a result of fish farming. Socio-economic innovations and entrepreneurship through fish farming will continue to be a positive response overall to our era of global economic and financial crisis.","PeriodicalId":187252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121498315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043744
K. Sridhar
Performance management is critical to creating and maintaining any successful business and is understood as the process through which managers ensure that employees' activities are congruent with the organisation's goals. By failing to effectively measure performance, Variety, a not-for-profit organisation is guaranteeing sub optimal outcomes for the organisation and the special children they serve. This paper seeks to explore in detail measurement techniques available to Variety for immediate discussion and implementation. Determining the right performance management system, the appropriate approach to performance measurement and feedback is a complex and imperfect science, requiring a continual loop of revision and evolution.
{"title":"Measurement techniques in performance management: a case study into a not-for-profit organisation","authors":"K. Sridhar","doi":"10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043744","url":null,"abstract":"Performance management is critical to creating and maintaining any successful business and is understood as the process through which managers ensure that employees' activities are congruent with the organisation's goals. By failing to effectively measure performance, Variety, a not-for-profit organisation is guaranteeing sub optimal outcomes for the organisation and the special children they serve. This paper seeks to explore in detail measurement techniques available to Variety for immediate discussion and implementation. Determining the right performance management system, the appropriate approach to performance measurement and feedback is a complex and imperfect science, requiring a continual loop of revision and evolution.","PeriodicalId":187252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129442551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043740
Thomas C. Gahr
Agency theory dictates that the sole purpose of a corporation is to provide value to its shareholders. As the dominant focus for corporate governance of publicly held stockholder corporations, agency theory has led to the current global economic crisis, and a history of scandals, and unethical behaviour on the part of transnational corporations. This paper will propose changes to corporate governance regulations to balance the unintentional incentives for unethical business practices, with incentives for social responsibility, in the hope that the reoccurrence of corporate scandals can be avoided.
{"title":"Beyond shareholder value: a CSR model for corporate governance","authors":"Thomas C. Gahr","doi":"10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043740","url":null,"abstract":"Agency theory dictates that the sole purpose of a corporation is to provide value to its shareholders. As the dominant focus for corporate governance of publicly held stockholder corporations, agency theory has led to the current global economic crisis, and a history of scandals, and unethical behaviour on the part of transnational corporations. This paper will propose changes to corporate governance regulations to balance the unintentional incentives for unethical business practices, with incentives for social responsibility, in the hope that the reoccurrence of corporate scandals can be avoided.","PeriodicalId":187252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122729699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043739
C. Apostolakis
Social entrepreneurship and Higher Education (HE) seem to form closer relationships. This paper concerns with the role of HE in enhancing social entrepreneurship, as it is implemented in the context of Dorset, UK, and Avalon, Canada. By utilising the theoretical dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation, the paper develops a framework of interpretation for its empirical context. In summarising its findings, it argues that the role HE can play for social entrepreneurship in both cases is highly regarded however there are a number of hurdles that will need to be overcome.
{"title":"The role of higher education in enhancing social entrepreneurship","authors":"C. Apostolakis","doi":"10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043739","url":null,"abstract":"Social entrepreneurship and Higher Education (HE) seem to form closer relationships. This paper concerns with the role of HE in enhancing social entrepreneurship, as it is implemented in the context of Dorset, UK, and Avalon, Canada. By utilising the theoretical dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation, the paper develops a framework of interpretation for its empirical context. In summarising its findings, it argues that the role HE can play for social entrepreneurship in both cases is highly regarded however there are a number of hurdles that will need to be overcome.","PeriodicalId":187252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131134048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043741
P. Haynes
Social entrepreneurship, as an emerging academic field, although one still in the very early stage of its development, has been nourished by many of the key concepts developed within the commercial entrepreneurship literature, but this is beginning to change as the social entrepreneurship landscape has become a more fundamental part of the collection of entrepreneurship practices. This paper is concerned with how best to develop a new research paradigm, and considers ways in which this research approach is different from, but complementary to, commercial entrepreneurship research agenda in theory, as well as practice.
{"title":"Theorising the emerging field of social entrepreneurship","authors":"P. Haynes","doi":"10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043741","url":null,"abstract":"Social entrepreneurship, as an emerging academic field, although one still in the very early stage of its development, has been nourished by many of the key concepts developed within the commercial entrepreneurship literature, but this is beginning to change as the social entrepreneurship landscape has become a more fundamental part of the collection of entrepreneurship practices. This paper is concerned with how best to develop a new research paradigm, and considers ways in which this research approach is different from, but complementary to, commercial entrepreneurship research agenda in theory, as well as practice.","PeriodicalId":187252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121929945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043742
A. Korukonda
This paper is aimed at addressing two fundamental issues relating to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Social Entrepreneurship (SE). First is the issue of lack of conceptual clarity of the two terms. Second is the issue of strategic relevance. Towards this end, the first part of this paper aims to sketch out an operational definition and disciplinary boundaries for each of these two concepts. The second part of the paper is devoted to a discussion of how CSR and SE could be relevant for establishing a competitive advantage in times of financial hardship. Directions for future research are presented.
{"title":"Social Entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility: a discussion on disciplinary domains and strategic relevance","authors":"A. Korukonda","doi":"10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSEI.2011.043742","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is aimed at addressing two fundamental issues relating to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Social Entrepreneurship (SE). First is the issue of lack of conceptual clarity of the two terms. Second is the issue of strategic relevance. Towards this end, the first part of this paper aims to sketch out an operational definition and disciplinary boundaries for each of these two concepts. The second part of the paper is devoted to a discussion of how CSR and SE could be relevant for establishing a competitive advantage in times of financial hardship. Directions for future research are presented.","PeriodicalId":187252,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114574300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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