Pub Date : 2015-07-10DOI: 10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.1.17
P. Migas, M. Ślęzak
Streszczenie W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki badan przeprowadzone przy uzyciu reometrii wysokotemperaturowej, w oparciu o metode Searle’a. Przeprowadzono analize reologiczną cieklych systemow CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MgO-TiO 2 slags domieszkowanych TiN,w zakresie 0,1 -0,7 ulamka objetościowego TiN. Badania przeprowadzono w temperaturze 1310-1500 o C, ktora jest chatakterystyczna dla strefy wysokich temperatur wystepującej w wielkim piecu. Glownym celem prowadzonych badan byla analiza mozliwości pomiarow lepkości dla ukladow heterogenicznych (nietypowych dla zastosowan przemyslowych), a nie zdefiniowanie parametrow reologicznych calkowicie cieklych systemow zuzlowych – ktore wykazują podobienstwo do cieczy idealnej Newtona. Slowa kluczowe: lepkośc zuzla, reometria wysokotemperaturowa, azotek tytanu, reologia Abstract The development of the methodology of rotational measurements with a high temperature rheometer using Searle’s method have been conducted. The rheological analysis of liquid systems - CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MgO-TiO 2 slags, and solid particles of titanium nitride –TiN are presented, within a range of 0.1-0.7 of volume fraction of TiN. The measurements were conducted at a range between 1310-1500 o C, which is typical for high temperature zones in the blast furnace. The main objective of the study was to analyse the possibilities for viscosity measurements in heterogenic systems (not standard within industrial practice), rather than to determine the rheological character of those systems totally liquid blast furnace slags are similar to ideally viscous Newtonian bodies. Key words: slag viscosity, high-temperature rheometry, titanium nitride, rheology
{"title":"HIGH-TEMPERATURE RHEOMETRY OF BLAST FURNACE SYNTHETIC SLAGS DOPED WITH TiO2 AND TiN","authors":"P. Migas, M. Ślęzak","doi":"10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Streszczenie W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki badan przeprowadzone przy uzyciu reometrii wysokotemperaturowej, w oparciu o metode Searle’a. Przeprowadzono analize reologiczną cieklych systemow CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MgO-TiO 2 slags domieszkowanych TiN,w zakresie 0,1 -0,7 ulamka objetościowego TiN. Badania przeprowadzono w temperaturze 1310-1500 o C, ktora jest chatakterystyczna dla strefy wysokich temperatur wystepującej w wielkim piecu. Glownym celem prowadzonych badan byla analiza mozliwości pomiarow lepkości dla ukladow heterogenicznych (nietypowych dla zastosowan przemyslowych), a nie zdefiniowanie parametrow reologicznych calkowicie cieklych systemow zuzlowych – ktore wykazują podobienstwo do cieczy idealnej Newtona. Slowa kluczowe: lepkośc zuzla, reometria wysokotemperaturowa, azotek tytanu, reologia Abstract The development of the methodology of rotational measurements with a high temperature rheometer using Searle’s method have been conducted. The rheological analysis of liquid systems - CaO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MgO-TiO 2 slags, and solid particles of titanium nitride –TiN are presented, within a range of 0.1-0.7 of volume fraction of TiN. The measurements were conducted at a range between 1310-1500 o C, which is typical for high temperature zones in the blast furnace. The main objective of the study was to analyse the possibilities for viscosity measurements in heterogenic systems (not standard within industrial practice), rather than to determine the rheological character of those systems totally liquid blast furnace slags are similar to ideally viscous Newtonian bodies. Key words: slag viscosity, high-temperature rheometry, titanium nitride, rheology","PeriodicalId":18751,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79132431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.4.181
Ł. Rakoczy, L. Tuz, K. Pańcikiewicz
The aim of this study was to present the hot cracking behavior of a blade originating from a turbine blade segment. The crack was induced by a gas tungsten arc welding process, and the research material was a MAR-M247 nickel based superalloy. This alloy is considered to be difficult to weld because of its high tendency to crack. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show the occurrence of cracking in the melted zone, heat-affected zone, and base alloy. A scanning electron microscopy investigation revealed that cracks are propagated by stresses and liquation of the low temperature constituent.
{"title":"Hot cracking of nickel-based superalloy turbine blade","authors":"Ł. Rakoczy, L. Tuz, K. Pańcikiewicz","doi":"10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.4.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.4.181","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to present the hot cracking behavior of a blade originating from a turbine blade segment. The crack was induced by a gas tungsten arc welding process, and the research material was a MAR-M247 nickel based superalloy. This alloy is considered to be difficult to weld because of its high tendency to crack. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show the occurrence of cracking in the melted zone, heat-affected zone, and base alloy. A scanning electron microscopy investigation revealed that cracks are propagated by stresses and liquation of the low temperature constituent.","PeriodicalId":18751,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78786495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.133
K. Kaczmarska, B. Grabowska, D. Drożyński, Ž. Kurleto, Ł. Szymański
In this study, based on results of determination selected properties of moulding sand such as permeability, tensile strength and wear resistance, the effectiveness of curing methods: by conventional heating and by innovative of microwave curing were compared. The tested moulding sand used to research was composition of silica sand with a commercial binder in the form of Albertine F/1 (Huttenes Albertus). This binder is a mixture of swellable in water starch derivatives and aluminosilicates. Binding in the moulding sand was occurred by evaporation of the solvent from samples (water). Based on the obtained results were showed a dependence of the properties of moulding sand and selected methods of physical cure, especially after 1 and 4 hours of cured samples storage. However, after 24 hours of samples storage, as apparent from the analysis of the obtained results, both used curing methods are almost the same effective, and marked differences in the properties of the moulding sands were located in the range of measurement uncertainty. Using electromagnetic waves in the microwave range was possible significantly reduce the time of curing and the energy of the drying process.
{"title":"An assessment of the effectiveness of physical curing methods of molding sand bonded by binders based on starch and aluminosilicates","authors":"K. Kaczmarska, B. Grabowska, D. Drożyński, Ž. Kurleto, Ł. Szymański","doi":"10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.133","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, based on results of determination selected properties of moulding sand such as permeability, tensile strength and wear resistance, the effectiveness of curing methods: by conventional heating and by innovative of microwave curing were compared. The tested moulding sand used to research was composition of silica sand with a commercial binder in the form of Albertine F/1 (Huttenes Albertus). This binder is a mixture of swellable in water starch derivatives and aluminosilicates. Binding in the moulding sand was occurred by evaporation of the solvent from samples (water). Based on the obtained results were showed a dependence of the properties of moulding sand and selected methods of physical cure, especially after 1 and 4 hours of cured samples storage. However, after 24 hours of samples storage, as apparent from the analysis of the obtained results, both used curing methods are almost the same effective, and marked differences in the properties of the moulding sands were located in the range of measurement uncertainty. Using electromagnetic waves in the microwave range was possible significantly reduce the time of curing and the energy of the drying process.","PeriodicalId":18751,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79635928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.107
A. Bobrowski, B. Grabowska
The paper presents the results of the structural type studies of resol phenolic resin used for the preparation of moulding and core sands exposed to the air. The FTIR study was carried out using a transmittance technique. Recorded changes in the IR spectra of resin can indicate a progressive polycondensation process, the consequence of which, among others, are changes in the aromatic rings of methylene bridges.
{"title":"FTIR METHOD IN STUDIES OF THE RESOL TYPE PHENOL RESIN STRUCTURE IN THE AIR ATMOSPHERE IN SOME TIME INTERVALS","authors":"A. Bobrowski, B. Grabowska","doi":"10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.107","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of the structural type studies of resol phenolic resin used for the preparation of moulding and core sands exposed to the air. The FTIR study was carried out using a transmittance technique. Recorded changes in the IR spectra of resin can indicate a progressive polycondensation process, the consequence of which, among others, are changes in the aromatic rings of methylene bridges.","PeriodicalId":18751,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79837970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.4.189
Hongnam Nguyen, T. Niezgoda, A. Derewońko, J. Jachimowicz
This paper presents numerical analyses of uniaxial tension tests on rods made of a material with elasticplastic characteristics with mapping the temperature fields generated in the fields of plastic strains. The use of thermo-mechanical coupling algorithms implemented in CAE programs that enable us to enter the parameters of materials dependent on temperature and used to visualize the damage of the samples is presented. The numerical models were validated with experimental research.
{"title":"NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ROD UNIAXIAL TENSION CONSIDERING THERMO-MECHANICAL COUPLING EFFECT","authors":"Hongnam Nguyen, T. Niezgoda, A. Derewońko, J. Jachimowicz","doi":"10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.4.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.4.189","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents numerical analyses of uniaxial tension tests on rods made of a material with elasticplastic characteristics with mapping the temperature fields generated in the fields of plastic strains. The use of thermo-mechanical coupling algorithms implemented in CAE programs that enable us to enter the parameters of materials dependent on temperature and used to visualize the damage of the samples is presented. The numerical models were validated with experimental research.","PeriodicalId":18751,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78939268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.115
A. Bobrowski, B. Grabowska, K. Kaczmarska
The paper presents the results of structural investigations of hardeners series of different hardening rate of the geopolymer Geopol, manufactured by the Sand-Team Company. Studies showed that these hardeners have the similar chemical structure and that the hardening rate of the binder depends on the proper selection of the proportions of respective components.
{"title":"STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE HARDENERS WITH DIFFERENT HARDENING RATES INTENDED FOR GEOPOLIMER BINDER SYSTEMS USED FOR THE PREPARATION OF MOULDING SANDS","authors":"A. Bobrowski, B. Grabowska, K. Kaczmarska","doi":"10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.115","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of structural investigations of hardeners series of different hardening rate of the geopolymer Geopol, manufactured by the Sand-Team Company. Studies showed that these hardeners have the similar chemical structure and that the hardening rate of the binder depends on the proper selection of the proportions of respective components.","PeriodicalId":18751,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73402647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.123
T. Bajor, M. Krakowiak, S. Berski
The paper presents the results of the numerical modeling of a chosen magnesium alloy deformation process by a modified method of angular extrusion (AE). The research was made using a die with a circular cross-section, where the channels were arranged at right angles relative to each other. The modification concerned the differing values of applied unit strain obtained by changing the material enter/exit diameter ratio. The extrusion process was analyzed for several temperature-velocity variants. The aim of this work was to determine the most favorable conditions of the extrusion process that result in the most uniform stress and strain distribution in the material.
{"title":"THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE AZ31 MAGNESIUM ALLOY DEFORMATION PROCESS BY A MODIFIED METHOD OF ANGULAR EXTRUSION","authors":"T. Bajor, M. Krakowiak, S. Berski","doi":"10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.123","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of the numerical modeling of a chosen magnesium alloy deformation process by a modified method of angular extrusion (AE). The research was made using a die with a circular cross-section, where the channels were arranged at right angles relative to each other. The modification concerned the differing values of applied unit strain obtained by changing the material enter/exit diameter ratio. The extrusion process was analyzed for several temperature-velocity variants. The aim of this work was to determine the most favorable conditions of the extrusion process that result in the most uniform stress and strain distribution in the material.","PeriodicalId":18751,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering","volume":"87 1","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76711313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.143
B. Sułkowski, G. Boczkal
The AZ91 magnesium alloy was processed up to 87.5% of total thickness reduction in several thermodynamic routes, consisted of hot rolling and intermediate annealing. The hot-rolling process was performed at a high strain rate equal to 1.6 s−1 and at a temperature of 430°C. The intermediate annealing was performed at 430°C for 15 minutes after each route. It was found that, during hot rolling, the hardness of the material increased from 32 HV to 40 HV, and the structure investigations showed a huge amount of twins formed inside the grains (which were not observed after annealing). Tensile tests have shown strong anisotropy in mechanical properties of the “as-rolled” samples dependent on the orientation between tension direction (TD) and rolling direction (RD). The samples with TD perpendicular to RD proved higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and (on the other hand) worse plastic properties as compared to the samples with TD parallel to RD. The annealing has an effect on the reduction of mechanical properties anisotropy. X-ray investigations have shown texture changes from the basal type with the additional (0001) component for “as-rolled” samples to the texture with the main (0001) component for annealed samples. The texture changes had a great impact on the anisotropy of mechanical properties of the investigated AZ91 magnesium alloy.
{"title":"Mechanical properties and structure evolution of the AZ91 magnesium alloy after hot rolling and annealing","authors":"B. Sułkowski, G. Boczkal","doi":"10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MAFE.2015.41.3.143","url":null,"abstract":"The AZ91 magnesium alloy was processed up to 87.5% of total thickness reduction in several thermodynamic routes, consisted of hot rolling and intermediate annealing. The hot-rolling process was performed at a high strain rate equal to 1.6 s−1 and at a temperature of 430°C. The intermediate annealing was performed at 430°C for 15 minutes after each route. It was found that, during hot rolling, the hardness of the material increased from 32 HV to 40 HV, and the structure investigations showed a huge amount of twins formed inside the grains (which were not observed after annealing). Tensile tests have shown strong anisotropy in mechanical properties of the “as-rolled” samples dependent on the orientation between tension direction (TD) and rolling direction (RD). The samples with TD perpendicular to RD proved higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and (on the other hand) worse plastic properties as compared to the samples with TD parallel to RD. The annealing has an effect on the reduction of mechanical properties anisotropy. X-ray investigations have shown texture changes from the basal type with the additional (0001) component for “as-rolled” samples to the texture with the main (0001) component for annealed samples. The texture changes had a great impact on the anisotropy of mechanical properties of the investigated AZ91 magnesium alloy.","PeriodicalId":18751,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90103544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-18DOI: 10.7494/MAFE.2014.40.2.83
P. Kwaśniewski, G. Kiesiewicz
The progress of civilization force that we look for new materials with higher exploitation properties that can be used in different types of installations and will allow to increase their technological potential. One of the research trends is concentrated on the search of new materials with the above standard electrical conductivity, mechanical and rheological properties, higher thermal resistance and technological properties, all in comparison to pure copper. One of the ideas of such material is composite produced from copper and high quality carbon materials (CNT’s or graphene). Regarding to the above, presented paper refers to the research results concentrated on the metallurgical synthesis of Cu-CNT’s materials obtained with the use of the continuous casting method. Within this paper research works over the synthesis method and obtained material characterization, for electrical, mechanical and structural properties (for both as cast and after cold drawing tempers) are shown.
{"title":"Studies on obtaining Cu-CNT composites by continuous casting method","authors":"P. Kwaśniewski, G. Kiesiewicz","doi":"10.7494/MAFE.2014.40.2.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MAFE.2014.40.2.83","url":null,"abstract":"The progress of civilization force that we look for new materials with higher exploitation properties that can be used in different types of installations and will allow to increase their technological potential. One of the research trends is concentrated on the search of new materials with the above standard electrical conductivity, mechanical and rheological properties, higher thermal resistance and technological properties, all in comparison to pure copper. One of the ideas of such material is composite produced from copper and high quality carbon materials (CNT’s or graphene). Regarding to the above, presented paper refers to the research results concentrated on the metallurgical synthesis of Cu-CNT’s materials obtained with the use of the continuous casting method. Within this paper research works over the synthesis method and obtained material characterization, for electrical, mechanical and structural properties (for both as cast and after cold drawing tempers) are shown.","PeriodicalId":18751,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89604343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-18DOI: 10.7494/MAFE.2014.40.2.69
Z. Bogdanowicz, P. Jóźwik, B. Nasiłowska
The paper presents the analysis of structural research, micro-hardness and mechanical properties of the base material which is steel 904 L and joints made with CO 2 laser beam and TIG method. The analysis of the equilibrium system created in the Thermo-Calc programme based on chemical composition shows a dominancy of austenite with of Fe α additions, phase σ, P and Laves' and M 23 C 6 and Cr 9 Mo 21 Ni 20 carbides. EBSD (Electron backscatter diffraction) research done by using electron scanning microscope confirmed the presence of pure austenite.
{"title":"Microstructure and mechanical behavior of a CO2 laser and TIG welded 904L steel","authors":"Z. Bogdanowicz, P. Jóźwik, B. Nasiłowska","doi":"10.7494/MAFE.2014.40.2.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/MAFE.2014.40.2.69","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the analysis of structural research, micro-hardness and mechanical properties of the base material which is steel 904 L and joints made with CO 2 laser beam and TIG method. The analysis of the equilibrium system created in the Thermo-Calc programme based on chemical composition shows a dominancy of austenite with of Fe α additions, phase σ, P and Laves' and M 23 C 6 and Cr 9 Mo 21 Ni 20 carbides. EBSD (Electron backscatter diffraction) research done by using electron scanning microscope confirmed the presence of pure austenite.","PeriodicalId":18751,"journal":{"name":"Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering","volume":"75 1","pages":"69-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80606346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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