Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-02323-7
Kathy Lüdge, Lina Jaurigue
{"title":"Cheap light sources could make AI more energy efficient.","authors":"Kathy Lüdge, Lina Jaurigue","doi":"10.1038/d41586-024-02323-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/d41586-024-02323-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-02509-z
Christina Szalinski
{"title":"I'm a Palestinian scientist building a more inclusive future.","authors":"Christina Szalinski","doi":"10.1038/d41586-024-02509-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-02509-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07624-5
Joshua S Siegel, Subha Subramanian, Demetrius Perry, Benjamin P Kay, Evan M Gordon, Timothy O Laumann, T Rick Reneau, Nicholas V Metcalf, Ravi V Chacko, Caterina Gratton, Christine Horan, Samuel R Krimmel, Joshua S Shimony, Julie A Schweiger, Dean F Wong, David A Bender, Kristen M Scheidter, Forrest I Whiting, Jonah A Padawer-Curry, Russell T Shinohara, Yong Chen, Julia Moser, Essa Yacoub, Steven M Nelson, Luca Vizioli, Damien A Fair, Eric J Lenze, Robin Carhart-Harris, Charles L Raison, Marcus E Raichle, Abraham Z Snyder, Ginger E Nicol, Nico U F Dosenbach
A single dose of psilocybin, a psychedelic that acutely causes distortions of space-time perception and ego dissolution, produces rapid and persistent therapeutic effects in human clinical trials1-4. In animal models, psilocybin induces neuroplasticity in cortex and hippocampus5-8. It remains unclear how human brain network changes relate to subjective and lasting effects of psychedelics. Here we tracked individual-specific brain changes with longitudinal precision functional mapping (roughly 18 magnetic resonance imaging visits per participant). Healthy adults were tracked before, during and for 3 weeks after high-dose psilocybin (25 mg) and methylphenidate (40 mg), and brought back for an additional psilocybin dose 6-12 months later. Psilocybin massively disrupted functional connectivity (FC) in cortex and subcortex, acutely causing more than threefold greater change than methylphenidate. These FC changes were driven by brain desynchronization across spatial scales (areal, global), which dissolved network distinctions by reducing correlations within and anticorrelations between networks. Psilocybin-driven FC changes were strongest in the default mode network, which is connected to the anterior hippocampus and is thought to create our sense of space, time and self. Individual differences in FC changes were strongly linked to the subjective psychedelic experience. Performing a perceptual task reduced psilocybin-driven FC changes. Psilocybin caused persistent decrease in FC between the anterior hippocampus and default mode network, lasting for weeks. Persistent reduction of hippocampal-default mode network connectivity may represent a neuroanatomical and mechanistic correlate of the proplasticity and therapeutic effects of psychedelics.
{"title":"Psilocybin desynchronizes the human brain.","authors":"Joshua S Siegel, Subha Subramanian, Demetrius Perry, Benjamin P Kay, Evan M Gordon, Timothy O Laumann, T Rick Reneau, Nicholas V Metcalf, Ravi V Chacko, Caterina Gratton, Christine Horan, Samuel R Krimmel, Joshua S Shimony, Julie A Schweiger, Dean F Wong, David A Bender, Kristen M Scheidter, Forrest I Whiting, Jonah A Padawer-Curry, Russell T Shinohara, Yong Chen, Julia Moser, Essa Yacoub, Steven M Nelson, Luca Vizioli, Damien A Fair, Eric J Lenze, Robin Carhart-Harris, Charles L Raison, Marcus E Raichle, Abraham Z Snyder, Ginger E Nicol, Nico U F Dosenbach","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07624-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-024-07624-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A single dose of psilocybin, a psychedelic that acutely causes distortions of space-time perception and ego dissolution, produces rapid and persistent therapeutic effects in human clinical trials<sup>1-4</sup>. In animal models, psilocybin induces neuroplasticity in cortex and hippocampus<sup>5-8</sup>. It remains unclear how human brain network changes relate to subjective and lasting effects of psychedelics. Here we tracked individual-specific brain changes with longitudinal precision functional mapping (roughly 18 magnetic resonance imaging visits per participant). Healthy adults were tracked before, during and for 3 weeks after high-dose psilocybin (25 mg) and methylphenidate (40 mg), and brought back for an additional psilocybin dose 6-12 months later. Psilocybin massively disrupted functional connectivity (FC) in cortex and subcortex, acutely causing more than threefold greater change than methylphenidate. These FC changes were driven by brain desynchronization across spatial scales (areal, global), which dissolved network distinctions by reducing correlations within and anticorrelations between networks. Psilocybin-driven FC changes were strongest in the default mode network, which is connected to the anterior hippocampus and is thought to create our sense of space, time and self. Individual differences in FC changes were strongly linked to the subjective psychedelic experience. Performing a perceptual task reduced psilocybin-driven FC changes. Psilocybin caused persistent decrease in FC between the anterior hippocampus and default mode network, lasting for weeks. Persistent reduction of hippocampal-default mode network connectivity may represent a neuroanatomical and mechanistic correlate of the proplasticity and therapeutic effects of psychedelics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07710-8
Hichem Tasfaout, Christine L Halbert, Timothy S McMillen, James M Allen, Theodore R Reyes, Galina V Flint, Dirk Grimm, Stephen D Hauschka, Michael Regnier, Jeffrey S Chamberlain
Gene replacement using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors is a promising therapeutic approach for many diseases1,2. However, this therapeutic modality is challenged by the packaging capacity of AAVs (approximately 4.7 kilobases)3, limiting its application for disorders involving large coding sequences, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, with a 14 kilobase messenger RNA. Here we developed a new method for expressing large dystrophins by utilizing the protein trans-splicing mechanism mediated by split inteins. We identified several split intein pairs that efficiently join two or three fragments to generate a large midi-dystrophin or the full-length protein. We show that delivery of two or three AAVs into dystrophic mice results in robust expression of large dystrophins and significant physiological improvements compared with micro-dystrophins. Moreover, using the potent myotropic AAVMYO4, we demonstrate that low total doses (2 × 1013 viral genomes per kg) are sufficient to express large dystrophins in striated muscles body-wide with significant physiological corrections in dystrophic mice. Our data show a clear functional superiority of large dystrophins over micro-dystrophins that are being tested in clinical trials. This method could benefit many patients with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy, regardless of genotype, and could be adapted to numerous other disorders caused by mutations in large genes that exceed the AAV capacity.
{"title":"Split intein-mediated protein trans-splicing to express large dystrophins.","authors":"Hichem Tasfaout, Christine L Halbert, Timothy S McMillen, James M Allen, Theodore R Reyes, Galina V Flint, Dirk Grimm, Stephen D Hauschka, Michael Regnier, Jeffrey S Chamberlain","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07710-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-024-07710-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene replacement using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors is a promising therapeutic approach for many diseases<sup>1,2</sup>. However, this therapeutic modality is challenged by the packaging capacity of AAVs (approximately 4.7 kilobases)<sup>3</sup>, limiting its application for disorders involving large coding sequences, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, with a 14 kilobase messenger RNA. Here we developed a new method for expressing large dystrophins by utilizing the protein trans-splicing mechanism mediated by split inteins. We identified several split intein pairs that efficiently join two or three fragments to generate a large midi-dystrophin or the full-length protein. We show that delivery of two or three AAVs into dystrophic mice results in robust expression of large dystrophins and significant physiological improvements compared with micro-dystrophins. Moreover, using the potent myotropic AAVMYO<sup>4</sup>, we demonstrate that low total doses (2 × 10<sup>13 </sup>viral genomes per kg) are sufficient to express large dystrophins in striated muscles body-wide with significant physiological corrections in dystrophic mice. Our data show a clear functional superiority of large dystrophins over micro-dystrophins that are being tested in clinical trials. This method could benefit many patients with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy, regardless of genotype, and could be adapted to numerous other disorders caused by mutations in large genes that exceed the AAV capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07590-y
Bowei Dong, Frank Brückerhoff-Plückelmann, Lennart Meyer, Jelle Dijkstra, Ivonne Bente, Daniel Wendland, Akhil Varri, Samarth Aggarwal, Nikolaos Farmakidis, Mengyun Wang, Guoce Yang, June Sang Lee, Yuhan He, Emmanuel Gooskens, Dim-Lee Kwong, Peter Bienstman, Wolfram H P Pernice, Harish Bhaskaran
Advancements in optical coherence control1-5 have unlocked many cutting-edge applications, including long-haul communication, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and optical coherence tomography6-8. Prevailing wisdom suggests that using more coherent light sources leads to enhanced system performance and device functionalities9-11. Our study introduces a photonic convolutional processing system that takes advantage of partially coherent light to boost computing parallelism without substantially sacrificing accuracy, potentially enabling larger-size photonic tensor cores. The reduction of the degree of coherence optimizes bandwidth use in the photonic convolutional processing system. This breakthrough challenges the traditional belief that coherence is essential or even advantageous in integrated photonic accelerators, thereby enabling the use of light sources with less rigorous feedback control and thermal-management requirements for high-throughput photonic computing. Here we demonstrate such a system in two photonic platforms for computing applications: a photonic tensor core using phase-change-material photonic memories that delivers parallel convolution operations to classify the gaits of ten patients with Parkinson's disease with 92.2% accuracy (92.7% theoretically) and a silicon photonic tensor core with embedded electro-absorption modulators (EAMs) to facilitate 0.108 tera operations per second (TOPS) convolutional processing for classifying the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwritten digits dataset with 92.4% accuracy (95.0% theoretically).
{"title":"Partial coherence enhances parallelized photonic computing.","authors":"Bowei Dong, Frank Brückerhoff-Plückelmann, Lennart Meyer, Jelle Dijkstra, Ivonne Bente, Daniel Wendland, Akhil Varri, Samarth Aggarwal, Nikolaos Farmakidis, Mengyun Wang, Guoce Yang, June Sang Lee, Yuhan He, Emmanuel Gooskens, Dim-Lee Kwong, Peter Bienstman, Wolfram H P Pernice, Harish Bhaskaran","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07590-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-024-07590-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancements in optical coherence control<sup>1-5</sup> have unlocked many cutting-edge applications, including long-haul communication, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and optical coherence tomography<sup>6-8</sup>. Prevailing wisdom suggests that using more coherent light sources leads to enhanced system performance and device functionalities<sup>9-11</sup>. Our study introduces a photonic convolutional processing system that takes advantage of partially coherent light to boost computing parallelism without substantially sacrificing accuracy, potentially enabling larger-size photonic tensor cores. The reduction of the degree of coherence optimizes bandwidth use in the photonic convolutional processing system. This breakthrough challenges the traditional belief that coherence is essential or even advantageous in integrated photonic accelerators, thereby enabling the use of light sources with less rigorous feedback control and thermal-management requirements for high-throughput photonic computing. Here we demonstrate such a system in two photonic platforms for computing applications: a photonic tensor core using phase-change-material photonic memories that delivers parallel convolution operations to classify the gaits of ten patients with Parkinson's disease with 92.2% accuracy (92.7% theoretically) and a silicon photonic tensor core with embedded electro-absorption modulators (EAMs) to facilitate 0.108 tera operations per second (TOPS) convolutional processing for classifying the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwritten digits dataset with 92.4% accuracy (95.0% theoretically).</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-02394-6
Max Kozlov, Mariana Lenharo, Jeff Tollefson
{"title":"What Kamala Harris's historic bid for the US presidency means for science.","authors":"Max Kozlov, Mariana Lenharo, Jeff Tollefson","doi":"10.1038/d41586-024-02394-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/d41586-024-02394-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07664-x
Letian Yu, Haoran Xue, Ruixiang Guo, Eng Aik Chan, Yun Yong Terh, Cesare Soci, Baile Zhang, Y D Chong
Mass is commonly considered an intrinsic property of matter, but modern physics reveals particle masses to have complex origins1, such as the Higgs mechanism in high-energy physics2,3. In crystal lattices such as graphene, relativistic Dirac particles can exist as low-energy quasiparticles4 with masses imparted by lattice symmetry-breaking perturbations5-8. These mass-generating mechanisms all assume Hermiticity, or the conservation of energy in detail. Using a photonic synthetic lattice, we show experimentally that Dirac masses can be generated by means of non-Hermitian perturbations based on optical gain and loss. We then explore how the spacetime engineering of the gain and loss-induced Dirac mass affects the quasiparticles. As we show, the quasiparticles undergo Klein tunnelling at spatial boundaries, but a local breaking of a non-Hermitian symmetry can produce a new flux non-conservation effect at the domain walls. At a temporal boundary that abruptly flips the sign of the Dirac mass, we observe a variant of the time-reflection phenomenon: in the non-relativistic limit, the Dirac quasiparticle reverses its velocity, whereas in the relativistic limit, the original velocity is retained.
{"title":"Dirac mass induced by optical gain and loss.","authors":"Letian Yu, Haoran Xue, Ruixiang Guo, Eng Aik Chan, Yun Yong Terh, Cesare Soci, Baile Zhang, Y D Chong","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07664-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-024-07664-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mass is commonly considered an intrinsic property of matter, but modern physics reveals particle masses to have complex origins<sup>1</sup>, such as the Higgs mechanism in high-energy physics<sup>2,3</sup>. In crystal lattices such as graphene, relativistic Dirac particles can exist as low-energy quasiparticles<sup>4</sup> with masses imparted by lattice symmetry-breaking perturbations<sup>5-8</sup>. These mass-generating mechanisms all assume Hermiticity, or the conservation of energy in detail. Using a photonic synthetic lattice, we show experimentally that Dirac masses can be generated by means of non-Hermitian perturbations based on optical gain and loss. We then explore how the spacetime engineering of the gain and loss-induced Dirac mass affects the quasiparticles. As we show, the quasiparticles undergo Klein tunnelling at spatial boundaries, but a local breaking of a non-Hermitian symmetry can produce a new flux non-conservation effect at the domain walls. At a temporal boundary that abruptly flips the sign of the Dirac mass, we observe a variant of the time-reflection phenomenon: in the non-relativistic limit, the Dirac quasiparticle reverses its velocity, whereas in the relativistic limit, the original velocity is retained.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07683-8
Charithea Charalambous, Elias Moubarak, Johannes Schilling, Eva Sanchez Fernandez, Jin-Yu Wang, Laura Herraiz, Fergus Mcilwaine, Shing Bo Peh, Matthew Garvin, Kevin Maik Jablonka, Seyed Mohamad Moosavi, Joren Van Herck, Aysu Yurdusen Ozturk, Alireza Pourghaderi, Ah-Young Song, Georges Mouchaham, Christian Serre, Jeffrey A Reimer, André Bardow, Berend Smit, Susana Garcia
Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions urgently requires the large-scale deployment of carbon-capture technologies. These technologies must separate CO2 from various sources and deliver it to different sinks1,2. The quest for optimal solutions for specific source-sink pairs is a complex, multi-objective challenge involving multiple stakeholders and depends on social, economic and regional contexts. Currently, research follows a sequential approach: chemists focus on materials design3 and engineers on optimizing processes4,5, which are then operated at a scale that impacts the economy and the environment. Assessing these impacts, such as the greenhouse gas emissions over the plant's lifetime, is typically one of the final steps6. Here we introduce the PrISMa (Process-Informed design of tailor-made Sorbent Materials) platform, which integrates materials, process design, techno-economics and life-cycle assessment. We compare more than 60 case studies capturing CO2 from various sources in 5 global regions using different technologies. The platform simultaneously informs various stakeholders about the cost-effectiveness of technologies, process configurations and locations, reveals the molecular characteristics of the top-performing sorbents, and provides insights on environmental impacts, co-benefits and trade-offs. By uniting stakeholders at an early research stage, PrISMa accelerates carbon-capture technology development during this critical period as we aim for a net-zero world.
{"title":"A holistic platform for accelerating sorbent-based carbon capture.","authors":"Charithea Charalambous, Elias Moubarak, Johannes Schilling, Eva Sanchez Fernandez, Jin-Yu Wang, Laura Herraiz, Fergus Mcilwaine, Shing Bo Peh, Matthew Garvin, Kevin Maik Jablonka, Seyed Mohamad Moosavi, Joren Van Herck, Aysu Yurdusen Ozturk, Alireza Pourghaderi, Ah-Young Song, Georges Mouchaham, Christian Serre, Jeffrey A Reimer, André Bardow, Berend Smit, Susana Garcia","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07683-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-024-07683-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reducing carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions urgently requires the large-scale deployment of carbon-capture technologies. These technologies must separate CO<sub>2</sub> from various sources and deliver it to different sinks<sup>1,2</sup>. The quest for optimal solutions for specific source-sink pairs is a complex, multi-objective challenge involving multiple stakeholders and depends on social, economic and regional contexts. Currently, research follows a sequential approach: chemists focus on materials design<sup>3</sup> and engineers on optimizing processes<sup>4,5</sup>, which are then operated at a scale that impacts the economy and the environment. Assessing these impacts, such as the greenhouse gas emissions over the plant's lifetime, is typically one of the final steps<sup>6</sup>. Here we introduce the PrISMa (Process-Informed design of tailor-made Sorbent Materials) platform, which integrates materials, process design, techno-economics and life-cycle assessment. We compare more than 60 case studies capturing CO<sub>2</sub> from various sources in 5 global regions using different technologies. The platform simultaneously informs various stakeholders about the cost-effectiveness of technologies, process configurations and locations, reveals the molecular characteristics of the top-performing sorbents, and provides insights on environmental impacts, co-benefits and trade-offs. By uniting stakeholders at an early research stage, PrISMa accelerates carbon-capture technology development during this critical period as we aim for a net-zero world.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07707-3
Nicholas Morffy, Lisa Van den Broeck, Caelan Miller, Ryan J Emenecker, John A Bryant, Tyler M Lee, Katelyn Sageman-Furnas, Edward G Wilkinson, Sunita Pathak, Sanjana R Kotha, Angelica Lam, Saloni Mahatma, Vikram Pande, Aman Waoo, R Clay Wright, Alex S Holehouse, Max V Staller, Rosangela Sozzani, Lucia C Strader
Gene expression in Arabidopsis is regulated by more than 1,900 transcription factors (TFs), which have been identified genome-wide by the presence of well-conserved DNA-binding domains. Activator TFs contain activation domains (ADs) that recruit coactivator complexes; however, for nearly all Arabidopsis TFs, we lack knowledge about the presence, location and transcriptional strength of their ADs1. To address this gap, here we use a yeast library approach to experimentally identify Arabidopsis ADs on a proteome-wide scale, and find that more than half of the Arabidopsis TFs contain an AD. We annotate 1,553 ADs, the vast majority of which are, to our knowledge, previously unknown. Using the dataset generated, we develop a neural network to accurately predict ADs and to identify sequence features that are necessary to recruit coactivator complexes. We uncover six distinct combinations of sequence features that result in activation activity, providing a framework to interrogate the subfunctionalization of ADs. Furthermore, we identify ADs in the ancient AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR family of TFs, revealing that AD positioning is conserved in distinct clades. Our findings provide a deep resource for understanding transcriptional activation, a framework for examining function in intrinsically disordered regions and a predictive model of ADs.
{"title":"Identification of plant transcriptional activation domains.","authors":"Nicholas Morffy, Lisa Van den Broeck, Caelan Miller, Ryan J Emenecker, John A Bryant, Tyler M Lee, Katelyn Sageman-Furnas, Edward G Wilkinson, Sunita Pathak, Sanjana R Kotha, Angelica Lam, Saloni Mahatma, Vikram Pande, Aman Waoo, R Clay Wright, Alex S Holehouse, Max V Staller, Rosangela Sozzani, Lucia C Strader","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07707-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-024-07707-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene expression in Arabidopsis is regulated by more than 1,900 transcription factors (TFs), which have been identified genome-wide by the presence of well-conserved DNA-binding domains. Activator TFs contain activation domains (ADs) that recruit coactivator complexes; however, for nearly all Arabidopsis TFs, we lack knowledge about the presence, location and transcriptional strength of their ADs<sup>1</sup>. To address this gap, here we use a yeast library approach to experimentally identify Arabidopsis ADs on a proteome-wide scale, and find that more than half of the Arabidopsis TFs contain an AD. We annotate 1,553 ADs, the vast majority of which are, to our knowledge, previously unknown. Using the dataset generated, we develop a neural network to accurately predict ADs and to identify sequence features that are necessary to recruit coactivator complexes. We uncover six distinct combinations of sequence features that result in activation activity, providing a framework to interrogate the subfunctionalization of ADs. Furthermore, we identify ADs in the ancient AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR family of TFs, revealing that AD positioning is conserved in distinct clades. Our findings provide a deep resource for understanding transcriptional activation, a framework for examining function in intrinsically disordered regions and a predictive model of ADs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07838-7
Rik G H Lindeboom, Kaylee B Worlock, Lisa M Dratva, Masahiro Yoshida, David Scobie, Helen R Wagstaffe, Laura Richardson, Anna Wilbrey-Clark, Josephine L Barnes, Lorenz Kretschmer, Krzysztof Polanski, Jessica Allen-Hyttinen, Puja Mehta, Dinithi Sumanaweera, Jacqueline M Boccacino, Waradon Sungnak, Rasa Elmentaite, Ni Huang, Lira Mamanova, Rakesh Kapuge, Liam Bolt, Elena Prigmore, Ben Killingley, Mariya Kalinova, Maria Mayer, Alison Boyers, Alex Mann, Leo Swadling, Maximillian N J Woodall, Samuel Ellis, Claire M Smith, Vitor H Teixeira, Sam M Janes, Rachel C Chambers, Muzlifah Haniffa, Andrew Catchpole, Robert Heyderman, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Benny Chain, Andreas Mayer, Kerstin B Meyer, Christopher Chiu, Marko Z Nikolić, Sarah A Teichmann
{"title":"Author Correction: Human SARS-CoV-2 challenge uncovers local and systemic response dynamics.","authors":"Rik G H Lindeboom, Kaylee B Worlock, Lisa M Dratva, Masahiro Yoshida, David Scobie, Helen R Wagstaffe, Laura Richardson, Anna Wilbrey-Clark, Josephine L Barnes, Lorenz Kretschmer, Krzysztof Polanski, Jessica Allen-Hyttinen, Puja Mehta, Dinithi Sumanaweera, Jacqueline M Boccacino, Waradon Sungnak, Rasa Elmentaite, Ni Huang, Lira Mamanova, Rakesh Kapuge, Liam Bolt, Elena Prigmore, Ben Killingley, Mariya Kalinova, Maria Mayer, Alison Boyers, Alex Mann, Leo Swadling, Maximillian N J Woodall, Samuel Ellis, Claire M Smith, Vitor H Teixeira, Sam M Janes, Rachel C Chambers, Muzlifah Haniffa, Andrew Catchpole, Robert Heyderman, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Benny Chain, Andreas Mayer, Kerstin B Meyer, Christopher Chiu, Marko Z Nikolić, Sarah A Teichmann","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07838-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07838-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}