Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08220-3
Raphael A. Reyes, Sai Sundar Rajan Raghavan, Nicholas K. Hurlburt, Viola Introini, Sebastiaan Bol, Ikhlaq Hussain Kana, Rasmus W. Jensen, Elizabeth Martinez-Scholze, María Gestal-Mato, Borja López-Gutiérrez, Silvia Sanz, Cristina Bancells, Monica Lisa Fernández-Quintero, Johannes R. Loeffler, James Alexander Ferguson, Wen-Hsin Lee, Greg Michael Martin, Thor G. Theander, John P. A. Lusingu, Daniel T. R. Minja, Isaac Ssewanyana, Margaret E. Feeney, Bryan Greenhouse, Andrew B. Ward, Maria Bernabeu, Marie Pancera, Louise Turner, Evelien M. Bunnik, Thomas Lavstsen
Malaria pathology is driven by the accumulation of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in microvessels1. This process is mediated by the polymorphic erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) adhesion proteins of the parasite. A subset of PfEMP1 variants that bind to human endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) through their CIDRα1 domains is responsible for severe malaria pathogenesis2. A longstanding question is whether individual antibodies can recognize the large repertoire of circulating PfEMP1 variants. Here we describe two broadly reactive and inhibitory human monoclonal antibodies to CIDRα1. The antibodies isolated from two different individuals exhibited similar and consistent EPCR-binding inhibition of diverse CIDRα1 domains, representing five of the six subclasses of CIDRα1. Both antibodies inhibited EPCR binding of both recombinant full-length and native PfEMP1 proteins, as well as parasite sequestration in bioengineered 3D human brain microvessels under physiologically relevant flow conditions. Structural analyses of the two antibodies in complex with three different CIDRα1 antigen variants reveal similar binding mechanisms that depend on interactions with three highly conserved amino acid residues of the EPCR-binding site in CIDRα1. These broadly reactive antibodies are likely to represent a common mechanism of acquired immunity to severe malaria and offer novel insights for the design of a vaccine or treatment targeting severe malaria.
{"title":"Broadly inhibitory antibodies to severe malaria virulence proteins","authors":"Raphael A. Reyes, Sai Sundar Rajan Raghavan, Nicholas K. Hurlburt, Viola Introini, Sebastiaan Bol, Ikhlaq Hussain Kana, Rasmus W. Jensen, Elizabeth Martinez-Scholze, María Gestal-Mato, Borja López-Gutiérrez, Silvia Sanz, Cristina Bancells, Monica Lisa Fernández-Quintero, Johannes R. Loeffler, James Alexander Ferguson, Wen-Hsin Lee, Greg Michael Martin, Thor G. Theander, John P. A. Lusingu, Daniel T. R. Minja, Isaac Ssewanyana, Margaret E. Feeney, Bryan Greenhouse, Andrew B. Ward, Maria Bernabeu, Marie Pancera, Louise Turner, Evelien M. Bunnik, Thomas Lavstsen","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-08220-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08220-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Malaria pathology is driven by the accumulation of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>-infected erythrocytes in microvessels<sup>1</sup>. This process is mediated by the polymorphic erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) adhesion proteins of the parasite. A subset of PfEMP1 variants that bind to human endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) through their CIDRα1 domains is responsible for severe malaria pathogenesis<sup>2</sup>. A longstanding question is whether individual antibodies can recognize the large repertoire of circulating PfEMP1 variants. Here we describe two broadly reactive and inhibitory human monoclonal antibodies to CIDRα1. The antibodies isolated from two different individuals exhibited similar and consistent EPCR-binding inhibition of diverse CIDRα1 domains, representing five of the six subclasses of CIDRα1. Both antibodies inhibited EPCR binding of both recombinant full-length and native PfEMP1 proteins, as well as parasite sequestration in bioengineered 3D human brain microvessels under physiologically relevant flow conditions. Structural analyses of the two antibodies in complex with three different CIDRα1 antigen variants reveal similar binding mechanisms that depend on interactions with three highly conserved amino acid residues of the EPCR-binding site in CIDRα1. These broadly reactive antibodies are likely to represent a common mechanism of acquired immunity to severe malaria and offer novel insights for the design of a vaccine or treatment targeting severe malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-03824-1
Can jets of drugs from pressurized capsules replace needles?
用加压胶囊喷射药物能否取代针头？
{"title":"Swallowable injections: the octopus-inspired pill that delivers drugs with a jet","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/d41586-024-03824-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03824-1","url":null,"abstract":"Can jets of drugs from pressurized capsules replace needles?","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-03553-5
Monalisha Rath, Dominique Bergmann
Evolution could inspire genetic engineering of productive crops.
进化可以激发生产作物的基因工程。
{"title":"Evolutionary innovation hints at ways to engineer efficient photosynthesis in crops","authors":"Monalisha Rath, Dominique Bergmann","doi":"10.1038/d41586-024-03553-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03553-5","url":null,"abstract":"Evolution could inspire genetic engineering of productive crops.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-03754-y
Coming less than a decade after its launch, the studies emerging from the global project are a major achievement. Funders should sign up for the long haul.
该全球项目启动不到十年，其研究成果是一项重大成就。资助者应长期参与。
{"title":"A ‘Wikipedia for cells’: researchers get an updated look at the Human Cell Atlas, and it’s remarkable","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/d41586-024-03754-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03754-y","url":null,"abstract":"Coming less than a decade after its launch, the studies emerging from the global project are a major achievement. Funders should sign up for the long haul.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"230 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-03552-6
Itai Yanai, Simon Haas, Christoph Lippert, Helene Kretzmer
Scientists reflect on insights from the Human Cell Atlas.
科学家思考人类细胞图谱的启示。
{"title":"Cellular atlases are unlocking the mysteries of the human body","authors":"Itai Yanai, Simon Haas, Christoph Lippert, Helene Kretzmer","doi":"10.1038/d41586-024-03552-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03552-6","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists reflect on insights from the Human Cell Atlas.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-03526-8
Although the United States maintains a steady lead, Chinese cities are on the rise.
尽管美国保持着稳定的领先地位，但中国城市正在崛起。
{"title":"Leading Nature Index science cities in biological sciences: collaboration powers US research","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/d41586-024-03526-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03526-8","url":null,"abstract":"Although the United States maintains a steady lead, Chinese cities are on the rise.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-03524-w
Although Beijing has solidified its top spot in the standings, the country’s regional cities are ones to watch.
尽管北京已稳居榜首，但中国的地区城市也值得关注。
{"title":"Leading Nature Index science cities in chemistry: China positions for clean sweep","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/d41586-024-03524-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03524-w","url":null,"abstract":"Although Beijing has solidified its top spot in the standings, the country’s regional cities are ones to watch.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-03523-x
Provincial capitals such as Hefei are outscoring some established science cities in the Nature Index — here’s why.
合肥等省会城市的自然指数超过了一些老牌科学城，原因就在这里。
{"title":"China’s regional cities are now major players in world science","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/d41586-024-03523-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-03523-x","url":null,"abstract":"Provincial capitals such as Hefei are outscoring some established science cities in the Nature Index — here’s why.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08092-7
Zhurun Ji, Heonjoon Park, Mark E. Barber, Chaowei Hu, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Jiun-Haw Chu, Xiaodong Xu, Zhi-Xun Shen
The fractional quantum Hall effect is a key example of topological quantum many-body phenomena, arising from the interplay between strong electron correlation, topological order and time-reversal symmetry breaking. Recently, a lattice analogue of the fractional quantum Hall effect at zero magnetic field has been observed, confirming the existence of a zero-field fractional Chern insulator (FCI). Despite this, the bulk–edge correspondence—a hallmark of a FCI featuring an insulating bulk with conductive edges—has not been directly observed. In fact, this correspondence has not been visualized in any system for fractional states owing to experimental challenges. Here we report the imaging of FCI edge states in twisted MoTe2 (t-MoTe2) using microwave impedance microscopy1. By tuning the carrier density, we observe the system evolving between metallic and FCI states, the latter of which exhibits insulating bulk and conductive edges, as expected from the bulk–boundary correspondence. Further analysis suggests the composite nature of the FCI edge states. We also observe the evolution of edge states across the topological phase transition as a function of interlayer electric field and reveal exciting prospects of neighbouring domains with different fractional orders. These findings pave the way for research into topologically protected one-dimensional interfaces between various anyonic states at zero magnetic field, such as gapped one-dimensional symmetry-protected phases with non-zero topological entanglement entropy, Halperin–Laughlin interfaces and the creation of non-abelian anyons.
{"title":"Local probe of bulk and edge states in a fractional Chern insulator","authors":"Zhurun Ji, Heonjoon Park, Mark E. Barber, Chaowei Hu, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Jiun-Haw Chu, Xiaodong Xu, Zhi-Xun Shen","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-08092-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08092-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fractional quantum Hall effect is a key example of topological quantum many-body phenomena, arising from the interplay between strong electron correlation, topological order and time-reversal symmetry breaking. Recently, a lattice analogue of the fractional quantum Hall effect at zero magnetic field has been observed, confirming the existence of a zero-field fractional Chern insulator (FCI). Despite this, the bulk–edge correspondence—a hallmark of a FCI featuring an insulating bulk with conductive edges—has not been directly observed. In fact, this correspondence has not been visualized in any system for fractional states owing to experimental challenges. Here we report the imaging of FCI edge states in twisted MoTe<sub>2</sub> (t-MoTe<sub>2</sub>) using microwave impedance microscopy<sup>1</sup>. By tuning the carrier density, we observe the system evolving between metallic and FCI states, the latter of which exhibits insulating bulk and conductive edges, as expected from the bulk–boundary correspondence. Further analysis suggests the composite nature of the FCI edge states. We also observe the evolution of edge states across the topological phase transition as a function of interlayer electric field and reveal exciting prospects of neighbouring domains with different fractional orders. These findings pave the way for research into topologically protected one-dimensional interfaces between various anyonic states at zero magnetic field, such as gapped one-dimensional symmetry-protected phases with non-zero topological entanglement entropy, Halperin–Laughlin interfaces and the creation of non-abelian anyons.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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