首页 > 最新文献

Nature最新文献

英文 中文
Heaviest element yet within reach after major breakthrough. 在取得重大突破后,最重的元素已经触手可及。
IF 50.5 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-02416-3
Katherine Bourzac
{"title":"Heaviest element yet within reach after major breakthrough.","authors":"Katherine Bourzac","doi":"10.1038/d41586-024-02416-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/d41586-024-02416-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magnetic field expulsion in optically driven YBa2Cu3O6.48. 光驱动 YBa2Cu3O6.48 中的磁场驱逐。
IF 50.5 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07635-2
S Fava, G De Vecchi, G Jotzu, M Buzzi, T Gebert, Y Liu, B Keimer, A Cavalleri

Coherent optical driving in quantum solids is emerging as a research frontier, with many reports of interesting non-equilibrium quantum phases1-4 and transient photo-induced functional phenomena such as ferroelectricity5,6, magnetism7-10 and superconductivity11-14. In high-temperature cuprate superconductors, coherent driving of certain phonon modes has resulted in a transient state with superconducting-like optical properties, observed far above their transition temperature Tc and throughout the pseudogap phase15-18. However, questions remain on the microscopic nature of this transient state and how to distinguish it from a non-superconducting state with enhanced carrier mobility. For example, it is not known whether cuprates driven in this fashion exhibit Meissner diamagnetism. Here we examine the time-dependent magnetic field surrounding an optically driven YBa2Cu3O6.48 crystal by measuring Faraday rotation in a magneto-optic material placed in the vicinity of the sample. For a constant applied magnetic field and under the same driving conditions that result in superconducting-like optical properties15-18, a transient diamagnetic response was observed. This response is comparable in size with that expected in an equilibrium type II superconductor of similar shape and size with a volume susceptibility χv of order -0.3. This value is incompatible with a photo-induced increase in mobility without superconductivity. Rather, it underscores the notion of a pseudogap phase in which incipient superconducting correlations are enhanced or synchronized by the drive.

量子固体中的相干光驱动正在成为一个研究前沿,许多报告都提到了有趣的非平衡量子相1-4 和瞬态光诱导功能现象,如铁电性5,6、磁性7-10 和超导性11-14。在高温杯状超导体中,某些声子模式的相干驱动产生了具有类似超导光学特性的瞬态,观察到的瞬态远高于其转变温度 Tc 并贯穿整个伪隙阶段15-18。然而,关于这种瞬态的微观性质以及如何将其与载流子迁移率增强的非超导态区分开来的问题依然存在。例如,目前还不知道以这种方式驱动的铜氧化物是否会表现出迈斯纳二磁性。在这里,我们通过测量放置在样品附近的磁光材料中的法拉第旋转,研究了围绕光驱动 YBa2Cu3O6.48 晶体的随时间变化的磁场。对于恒定的外加磁场,并在导致类似超导的光学特性15-18 的相同驱动条件下,观察到了瞬态二磁响应。这种响应的大小与具有类似形状和大小的平衡 II 型超导体的预期大小相当,其体积感抗 χv 为 -0.3 数量级。这一数值与光诱导迁移率增加而不产生超导现象不符。相反,它强调了一个伪间隙阶段的概念,在这个阶段中,萌芽的超导相关性在驱动力的作用下得到增强或同步。
{"title":"Magnetic field expulsion in optically driven YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6.48</sub>.","authors":"S Fava, G De Vecchi, G Jotzu, M Buzzi, T Gebert, Y Liu, B Keimer, A Cavalleri","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07635-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-024-07635-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coherent optical driving in quantum solids is emerging as a research frontier, with many reports of interesting non-equilibrium quantum phases<sup>1-4</sup> and transient photo-induced functional phenomena such as ferroelectricity<sup>5,6</sup>, magnetism<sup>7-10</sup> and superconductivity<sup>11-14</sup>. In high-temperature cuprate superconductors, coherent driving of certain phonon modes has resulted in a transient state with superconducting-like optical properties, observed far above their transition temperature T<sub>c</sub> and throughout the pseudogap phase<sup>15-18</sup>. However, questions remain on the microscopic nature of this transient state and how to distinguish it from a non-superconducting state with enhanced carrier mobility. For example, it is not known whether cuprates driven in this fashion exhibit Meissner diamagnetism. Here we examine the time-dependent magnetic field surrounding an optically driven YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6.48</sub> crystal by measuring Faraday rotation in a magneto-optic material placed in the vicinity of the sample. For a constant applied magnetic field and under the same driving conditions that result in superconducting-like optical properties<sup>15-18</sup>, a transient diamagnetic response was observed. This response is comparable in size with that expected in an equilibrium type II superconductor of similar shape and size with a volume susceptibility χ<sub>v</sub> of order -0.3. This value is incompatible with a photo-induced increase in mobility without superconductivity. Rather, it underscores the notion of a pseudogap phase in which incipient superconducting correlations are enhanced or synchronized by the drive.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A hot-Jupiter progenitor on a super-eccentric retrograde orbit. 超偏心逆行轨道上的热木星祖星。
IF 50.5 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07688-3
Arvind F Gupta, Sarah C Millholland, Haedam Im, Jiayin Dong, Jonathan M Jackson, Ilaria Carleo, Jessica Libby-Roberts, Megan Delamer, Mark R Giovinazzi, Andrea S J Lin, Shubham Kanodia, Xian-Yu Wang, Keivan Stassun, Thomas Masseron, Diana Dragomir, Suvrath Mahadevan, Jason Wright, Jaime A Alvarado-Montes, Chad Bender, Cullen H Blake, Douglas Caldwell, Caleb I Cañas, William D Cochran, Paul Dalba, Mark E Everett, Pipa Fernandez, Eli Golub, Bruno Guillet, Samuel Halverson, Leslie Hebb, Jesus Higuera, Chelsea X Huang, Jessica Klusmeyer, Rachel Knight, Liouba Leroux, Sarah E Logsdon, Margaret Loose, Michael W McElwain, Andrew Monson, Joe P Ninan, Grzegorz Nowak, Enric Palle, Yatrik Patel, Joshua Pepper, Michael Primm, Jayadev Rajagopal, Paul Robertson, Arpita Roy, Donald P Schneider, Christian Schwab, Heidi Schweiker, Lauren Sgro, Masao Shimizu, Georges Simard, Guðmundur Stefánsson, Daniel J Stevens, Steven Villanueva, John Wisniewski, Stefan Will, Carl Ziegler

Giant exoplanets orbiting close to their host stars are unlikely to have formed in their present configurations1. These 'hot Jupiter' planets are instead thought to have migrated inward from beyond the ice line and several viable migration channels have been proposed, including eccentricity excitation through angular-momentum exchange with a third body followed by tidally driven orbital circularization2,3. The discovery of the extremely eccentric (e = 0.93) giant exoplanet HD 80606 b (ref. 4) provided observational evidence that hot Jupiters may have formed through this high-eccentricity tidal-migration pathway5. However, no similar hot-Jupiter progenitors have been found and simulations predict that one factor affecting the efficacy of this mechanism is exoplanet mass, as low-mass planets are more likely to be tidally disrupted during periastron passage6-8. Here we present spectroscopic and photometric observations of TIC 241249530 b, a high-mass, transiting warm Jupiter with an extreme orbital eccentricity of e = 0.94. The orbit of TIC 241249530 b is consistent with a history of eccentricity oscillations and a future tidal circularization trajectory. Our analysis of the mass and eccentricity distributions of the transiting-warm-Jupiter population further reveals a correlation between high mass and high eccentricity.

在接近宿主恒星的轨道上运行的巨型系外行星不太可能以目前的构型形成1。人们认为这些 "热木星 "行星是从冰线以外向内迁移的,并提出了几种可行的迁移途径,包括通过与第三体进行角动量交换激发偏心,然后进行潮汐驱动的轨道环化2,3。极偏心(e = 0.93)巨型系外行星 HD 80606 b(参考文献 4)的发现为热木星可能通过这种高偏心潮汐迁移途径形成提供了观测证据5。然而,目前还没有发现类似的热木星原生体,而且模拟预测影响这一机制有效性的一个因素是系外行星的质量,因为低质量行星更有可能在近地轨道通过期间受到潮汐干扰6-8。在这里,我们展示了对 TIC 241249530 b 的光谱和光度观测结果,这是一颗高质、凌日暖木星,其轨道偏心率极高,为 e = 0.94。TIC 241249530 b的轨道与偏心率振荡的历史和未来潮汐圆化的轨迹相一致。我们对凌日暖木星群体的质量和偏心率分布的分析进一步揭示了高质和高偏心率之间的相关性。
{"title":"A hot-Jupiter progenitor on a super-eccentric retrograde orbit.","authors":"Arvind F Gupta, Sarah C Millholland, Haedam Im, Jiayin Dong, Jonathan M Jackson, Ilaria Carleo, Jessica Libby-Roberts, Megan Delamer, Mark R Giovinazzi, Andrea S J Lin, Shubham Kanodia, Xian-Yu Wang, Keivan Stassun, Thomas Masseron, Diana Dragomir, Suvrath Mahadevan, Jason Wright, Jaime A Alvarado-Montes, Chad Bender, Cullen H Blake, Douglas Caldwell, Caleb I Cañas, William D Cochran, Paul Dalba, Mark E Everett, Pipa Fernandez, Eli Golub, Bruno Guillet, Samuel Halverson, Leslie Hebb, Jesus Higuera, Chelsea X Huang, Jessica Klusmeyer, Rachel Knight, Liouba Leroux, Sarah E Logsdon, Margaret Loose, Michael W McElwain, Andrew Monson, Joe P Ninan, Grzegorz Nowak, Enric Palle, Yatrik Patel, Joshua Pepper, Michael Primm, Jayadev Rajagopal, Paul Robertson, Arpita Roy, Donald P Schneider, Christian Schwab, Heidi Schweiker, Lauren Sgro, Masao Shimizu, Georges Simard, Guðmundur Stefánsson, Daniel J Stevens, Steven Villanueva, John Wisniewski, Stefan Will, Carl Ziegler","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07688-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-024-07688-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giant exoplanets orbiting close to their host stars are unlikely to have formed in their present configurations<sup>1</sup>. These 'hot Jupiter' planets are instead thought to have migrated inward from beyond the ice line and several viable migration channels have been proposed, including eccentricity excitation through angular-momentum exchange with a third body followed by tidally driven orbital circularization<sup>2,3</sup>. The discovery of the extremely eccentric (e = 0.93) giant exoplanet HD 80606 b (ref. <sup>4</sup>) provided observational evidence that hot Jupiters may have formed through this high-eccentricity tidal-migration pathway<sup>5</sup>. However, no similar hot-Jupiter progenitors have been found and simulations predict that one factor affecting the efficacy of this mechanism is exoplanet mass, as low-mass planets are more likely to be tidally disrupted during periastron passage<sup>6-8</sup>. Here we present spectroscopic and photometric observations of TIC 241249530 b, a high-mass, transiting warm Jupiter with an extreme orbital eccentricity of e = 0.94. The orbit of TIC 241249530 b is consistent with a history of eccentricity oscillations and a future tidal circularization trajectory. Our analysis of the mass and eccentricity distributions of the transiting-warm-Jupiter population further reveals a correlation between high mass and high eccentricity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inhibition of IL-11 signalling extends mammalian healthspan and lifespan. 抑制 IL-11 信号可延长哺乳动物的健康和寿命。
IF 50.5 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07701-9
Anissa A Widjaja, Wei-Wen Lim, Sivakumar Viswanathan, Sonia Chothani, Ben Corden, Cibi Mary Dasan, Joyce Wei Ting Goh, Radiance Lim, Brijesh K Singh, Jessie Tan, Chee Jian Pua, Sze Yun Lim, Eleonora Adami, Sebastian Schafer, Benjamin L George, Mark Sweeney, Chen Xie, Madhulika Tripathi, Natalie A Sims, Norbert Hübner, Enrico Petretto, Dominic J Withers, Lena Ho, Jesus Gil, David Carling, Stuart A Cook

For healthspan and lifespan, ERK, AMPK and mTORC1 represent critical pathways and inflammation is a centrally important hallmark1-7. Here we examined whether IL-11, a pro-inflammatory cytokine of the IL-6 family, has a negative effect on age-associated disease and lifespan. As mice age, IL-11 is upregulated across cell types and tissues to regulate an ERK-AMPK-mTORC1 axis to modulate cellular, tissue- and organismal-level ageing pathologies. Deletion of Il11 or Il11ra1 protects against metabolic decline, multi-morbidity and frailty in old age. Administration of anti-IL-11 to 75-week-old mice for 25 weeks improves metabolism and muscle function, and reduces ageing biomarkers and frailty across sexes. In lifespan studies, genetic deletion of Il11 extended the lives of mice of both sexes, by 24.9% on average. Treatment with anti-IL-11 from 75 weeks of age until death extends the median lifespan of male mice by 22.5% and of female mice by 25%. Together, these results demonstrate a role for the pro-inflammatory factor IL-11 in mammalian healthspan and lifespan. We suggest that anti-IL-11 therapy, which is currently in early-stage clinical trials for fibrotic lung disease, may provide a translational opportunity to determine the effects of IL-11 inhibition on ageing pathologies in older people.

对于健康和寿命而言,ERK、AMPK 和 mTORC1 是关键通路,而炎症则是核心重要标志1-7。在这里,我们研究了IL-11(一种IL-6家族的促炎细胞因子)是否会对年龄相关疾病和寿命产生负面影响。随着小鼠的衰老,IL-11在不同细胞类型和组织中上调,调节ERK-AMPK-mTORC1轴,从而调节细胞、组织和机体层面的衰老病理。Il11或Il11ra1的缺失可防止老年代谢衰退、多病和虚弱。给75周大的小鼠服用抗IL-11药物25周,可改善新陈代谢和肌肉功能,减少老化生物标志物和不同性别的虚弱。在寿命研究中,Il11基因缺失可延长雌雄小鼠的寿命,平均延长24.9%。从小鼠75周龄开始使用抗IL-11治疗直至死亡,雄性小鼠的中位寿命延长了22.5%,雌性小鼠的中位寿命延长了25%。这些结果共同证明了促炎因子IL-11在哺乳动物的健康寿命和寿命中的作用。我们认为,抗IL-11疗法目前正处于治疗肺纤维化疾病的早期临床试验阶段,它可能为确定抑制IL-11对老年人衰老病症的影响提供了一个转化机会。
{"title":"Inhibition of IL-11 signalling extends mammalian healthspan and lifespan.","authors":"Anissa A Widjaja, Wei-Wen Lim, Sivakumar Viswanathan, Sonia Chothani, Ben Corden, Cibi Mary Dasan, Joyce Wei Ting Goh, Radiance Lim, Brijesh K Singh, Jessie Tan, Chee Jian Pua, Sze Yun Lim, Eleonora Adami, Sebastian Schafer, Benjamin L George, Mark Sweeney, Chen Xie, Madhulika Tripathi, Natalie A Sims, Norbert Hübner, Enrico Petretto, Dominic J Withers, Lena Ho, Jesus Gil, David Carling, Stuart A Cook","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07701-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-024-07701-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For healthspan and lifespan, ERK, AMPK and mTORC1 represent critical pathways and inflammation is a centrally important hallmark<sup>1-7</sup>. Here we examined whether IL-11, a pro-inflammatory cytokine of the IL-6 family, has a negative effect on age-associated disease and lifespan. As mice age, IL-11 is upregulated across cell types and tissues to regulate an ERK-AMPK-mTORC1 axis to modulate cellular, tissue- and organismal-level ageing pathologies. Deletion of Il11 or Il11ra1 protects against metabolic decline, multi-morbidity and frailty in old age. Administration of anti-IL-11 to 75-week-old mice for 25 weeks improves metabolism and muscle function, and reduces ageing biomarkers and frailty across sexes. In lifespan studies, genetic deletion of Il11 extended the lives of mice of both sexes, by 24.9% on average. Treatment with anti-IL-11 from 75 weeks of age until death extends the median lifespan of male mice by 22.5% and of female mice by 25%. Together, these results demonstrate a role for the pro-inflammatory factor IL-11 in mammalian healthspan and lifespan. We suggest that anti-IL-11 therapy, which is currently in early-stage clinical trials for fibrotic lung disease, may provide a translational opportunity to determine the effects of IL-11 inhibition on ageing pathologies in older people.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is that a durian? No, it's a weird ancient mollusc.
IF 50.5 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-02522-2
Ewen Callaway
{"title":"Is that a durian? No, it's a weird ancient mollusc.","authors":"Ewen Callaway","doi":"10.1038/d41586-024-02522-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-02522-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular mechanism of ligand gating and opening of NMDA receptor. 配体门控和 NMDA 受体开放的分子机制。
IF 50.5 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07742-0
Tsung-Han Chou, Max Epstein, Russell G Fritzemeier, Nicholas S Akins, Srinu Paladugu, Elijah Z Ullman, Dennis C Liotta, Stephen F Traynelis, Hiro Furukawa

Glutamate transmission and activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors are the fundamental means by which neurons control their excitability and neuroplasticity1. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is unique among all ligand-gated channels, requiring two ligands-glutamate and glycine-for activation. These receptors function as heterotetrameric ion channels, with the channel opening dependent on the simultaneous binding of glycine and glutamate to the extracellular ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of the GluN1 and GluN2 subunits, respectively2,3. The exact molecular mechanism for channel gating by the two ligands has been unclear, particularly without structures representing the open channel and apo states. Here we show that the channel gate opening requires tension in the linker connecting the LBD and transmembrane domain (TMD) and rotation of the extracellular domain relative to the TMD. Using electron cryomicroscopy, we captured the structure of the GluN1-GluN2B (GluN1-2B) NMDAR in its open state bound to a positive allosteric modulator. This process rotates and bends the pore-forming helices in GluN1 and GluN2B, altering the symmetry of the TMD channel from pseudofourfold to twofold. Structures of GluN1-2B NMDAR in apo and single-liganded states showed that binding of either glycine or glutamate alone leads to distinct GluN1-2B dimer arrangements but insufficient tension in the LBD-TMD linker for channel opening. This mechanistic framework identifies a key determinant for channel gating and a potential pharmacological strategy for modulating NMDAR activity.

谷氨酸传递和激活离子型谷氨酸受体是神经元控制其兴奋性和神经可塑性的基本手段1。在所有配体门控通道中,N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)是独一无二的,它需要两种配体--谷氨酸和甘氨酸才能激活。这些受体作为异构四聚体离子通道起作用,通道的开放取决于甘氨酸和谷氨酸分别与 GluN1 和 GluN2 亚基的细胞外配体结合域(LBD)同时结合2,3。这两种配体导致通道门控的确切分子机制一直不清楚,尤其是在没有代表通道开放状态和apo状态的结构的情况下。在这里,我们发现通道闸门的打开需要连接 LBD 和跨膜结构域(TMD)的连接体的张力以及细胞外结构域相对于 TMD 的旋转。利用电子冷冻显微镜,我们捕捉到了 GluN1-GluN2B (GluN1-2B) NMDAR 与正性异位调节剂结合后开放状态的结构。这一过程旋转并弯曲了 GluN1 和 GluN2B 中的孔形成螺旋,将 TMD 通道的对称性从假四倍变为两倍。无配体和单配体状态下 GluN1-2B NMDAR 的结构显示,单独结合甘氨酸或谷氨酸会导致不同的 GluN1-2B 二聚体排列,但 LBD-TMD 连接器的张力不足以打开通道。这一机理框架确定了通道门控的关键决定因素,以及调节 NMDAR 活性的潜在药理学策略。
{"title":"Molecular mechanism of ligand gating and opening of NMDA receptor.","authors":"Tsung-Han Chou, Max Epstein, Russell G Fritzemeier, Nicholas S Akins, Srinu Paladugu, Elijah Z Ullman, Dennis C Liotta, Stephen F Traynelis, Hiro Furukawa","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07742-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-024-07742-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glutamate transmission and activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors are the fundamental means by which neurons control their excitability and neuroplasticity<sup>1</sup>. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is unique among all ligand-gated channels, requiring two ligands-glutamate and glycine-for activation. These receptors function as heterotetrameric ion channels, with the channel opening dependent on the simultaneous binding of glycine and glutamate to the extracellular ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of the GluN1 and GluN2 subunits, respectively<sup>2,3</sup>. The exact molecular mechanism for channel gating by the two ligands has been unclear, particularly without structures representing the open channel and apo states. Here we show that the channel gate opening requires tension in the linker connecting the LBD and transmembrane domain (TMD) and rotation of the extracellular domain relative to the TMD. Using electron cryomicroscopy, we captured the structure of the GluN1-GluN2B (GluN1-2B) NMDAR in its open state bound to a positive allosteric modulator. This process rotates and bends the pore-forming helices in GluN1 and GluN2B, altering the symmetry of the TMD channel from pseudofourfold to twofold. Structures of GluN1-2B NMDAR in apo and single-liganded states showed that binding of either glycine or glutamate alone leads to distinct GluN1-2B dimer arrangements but insufficient tension in the LBD-TMD linker for channel opening. This mechanistic framework identifies a key determinant for channel gating and a potential pharmacological strategy for modulating NMDAR activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Three ways AI is changing the 2024 Olympics for athletes and fans. 人工智能改变 2024 年奥运会运动员和粉丝的三种方式。
IF 50.5 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-02427-0
Sumeet Kulkarni
{"title":"Three ways AI is changing the 2024 Olympics for athletes and fans.","authors":"Sumeet Kulkarni","doi":"10.1038/d41586-024-02427-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/d41586-024-02427-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adenosine signalling to astrocytes coordinates brain metabolism and function. 腺苷向星形胶质细胞发出的信号可协调大脑的新陈代谢和功能。
IF 50.5 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07611-w
Shefeeq M Theparambil, Olga Kopach, Alice Braga, Shereen Nizari, Patrick S Hosford, Virag Sagi-Kiss, Anna Hadjihambi, Christos Konstantinou, Noemi Esteras, Ana Gutierrez Del Arroyo, Gareth L Ackland, Anja G Teschemacher, Nicholas Dale, Tobias Eckle, Petros Andrikopoulos, Dmitri A Rusakov, Sergey Kasparov, Alexander V Gourine

Brain computation performed by billions of nerve cells relies on a sufficient and uninterrupted nutrient and oxygen supply1,2. Astrocytes, the ubiquitous glial neighbours of neurons, govern brain glucose uptake and metabolism3,4, but the exact mechanisms of metabolic coupling between neurons and astrocytes that ensure on-demand support of neuronal energy needs are not fully understood5,6. Here we show, using experimental in vitro and in vivo animal models, that neuronal activity-dependent metabolic activation of astrocytes is mediated by neuromodulator adenosine acting on astrocytic A2B receptors. Stimulation of A2B receptors recruits the canonical cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-protein kinase A signalling pathway, leading to rapid activation of astrocyte glucose metabolism and the release of lactate, which supplements the extracellular pool of readily available energy substrates. Experimental mouse models involving conditional deletion of the gene encoding A2B receptors in astrocytes showed that adenosine-mediated metabolic signalling is essential for maintaining synaptic function, especially under conditions of high energy demand or reduced energy supply. Knockdown of A2B receptor expression in astrocytes led to a major reprogramming of brain energy metabolism, prevented synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, severely impaired recognition memory and disrupted sleep. These data identify the adenosine A2B receptor as an astrocytic sensor of neuronal activity and show that cAMP signalling in astrocytes tunes brain energy metabolism to support its fundamental functions such as sleep and memory.

数十亿神经细胞进行的大脑计算依赖于充足且不间断的营养和氧气供应1,2。星形胶质细胞是神经元无处不在的神经胶质细胞邻居,它控制着大脑的葡萄糖摄取和新陈代谢3,4,但神经元和星形胶质细胞之间确保按需支持神经元能量需求的新陈代谢耦合的确切机制尚未完全清楚5,6。在这里,我们通过体外和体内动物模型实验表明,神经元活动依赖的星形胶质细胞代谢激活是由作用于星形胶质细胞 A2B 受体的神经调节剂腺苷介导的。A2B 受体受刺激后,典型的环腺苷酸 3',5'-单磷酸-蛋白激酶 A 信号通路被重新激活,从而迅速激活星形胶质细胞的葡萄糖代谢并释放乳酸,补充细胞外随时可用的能量底物池。通过有条件地删除星形胶质细胞中 A2B 受体编码基因的小鼠实验模型表明,腺苷介导的新陈代谢信号对于维持突触功能至关重要,尤其是在高能量需求或能量供应减少的情况下。敲除星形胶质细胞中 A2B 受体的表达会导致大脑能量代谢的重大重编程,阻碍海马的突触可塑性,严重损害识别记忆并扰乱睡眠。这些数据确定了腺苷 A2B 受体是神经元活动的星形胶质细胞传感器,并表明星形胶质细胞中的 cAMP 信号调节大脑能量代谢,以支持其基本功能,如睡眠和记忆。
{"title":"Adenosine signalling to astrocytes coordinates brain metabolism and function.","authors":"Shefeeq M Theparambil, Olga Kopach, Alice Braga, Shereen Nizari, Patrick S Hosford, Virag Sagi-Kiss, Anna Hadjihambi, Christos Konstantinou, Noemi Esteras, Ana Gutierrez Del Arroyo, Gareth L Ackland, Anja G Teschemacher, Nicholas Dale, Tobias Eckle, Petros Andrikopoulos, Dmitri A Rusakov, Sergey Kasparov, Alexander V Gourine","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07611-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-024-07611-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain computation performed by billions of nerve cells relies on a sufficient and uninterrupted nutrient and oxygen supply<sup>1,2</sup>. Astrocytes, the ubiquitous glial neighbours of neurons, govern brain glucose uptake and metabolism<sup>3,4</sup>, but the exact mechanisms of metabolic coupling between neurons and astrocytes that ensure on-demand support of neuronal energy needs are not fully understood<sup>5,6</sup>. Here we show, using experimental in vitro and in vivo animal models, that neuronal activity-dependent metabolic activation of astrocytes is mediated by neuromodulator adenosine acting on astrocytic A2B receptors. Stimulation of A2B receptors recruits the canonical cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-protein kinase A signalling pathway, leading to rapid activation of astrocyte glucose metabolism and the release of lactate, which supplements the extracellular pool of readily available energy substrates. Experimental mouse models involving conditional deletion of the gene encoding A2B receptors in astrocytes showed that adenosine-mediated metabolic signalling is essential for maintaining synaptic function, especially under conditions of high energy demand or reduced energy supply. Knockdown of A2B receptor expression in astrocytes led to a major reprogramming of brain energy metabolism, prevented synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, severely impaired recognition memory and disrupted sleep. These data identify the adenosine A2B receptor as an astrocytic sensor of neuronal activity and show that cAMP signalling in astrocytes tunes brain energy metabolism to support its fundamental functions such as sleep and memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptation to photoperiod via dynamic neurotransmitter segregation. 通过动态神经递质分离适应光周期
IF 50.5 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07692-7
G Maddaloni, Y J Chang, R A Senft, S M Dymecki

Changes in the amount of daylight (photoperiod) alter physiology and behaviour1,2. Adaptive responses to seasonal photoperiods are vital to all organisms-dysregulation associates with disease, including affective disorders3 and metabolic syndromes4. The circadian rhythm circuitry is implicated in such responses5,6, yet little is known about the precise cellular substrates that underlie phase synchronization to photoperiod change. Here we identify a brain circuit and system of axon branch-specific and reversible neurotransmitter deployment that are critical for behavioural and sleep adaptation to photoperiod. A type of neuron called mrEn1-Pet17 in the mouse brainstem median raphe nucleus segregates serotonin from VGLUT3 (also known as SLC17A8, a proxy for glutamate) to different axonal branches that innervate specific brain regions involved in circadian rhythm and sleep-wake timing8,9. This branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment did not distinguish between daylight and dark phase; however, it reorganized with change in photoperiod. Axonal boutons, but not cell soma, changed neurochemical phenotype upon a shift away from equinox light/dark conditions, and these changes were reversed upon return to equinox conditions. When we genetically disabled Vglut3 in mrEn1-Pet1 neurons, sleep-wake periods, voluntary activity and clock gene expression did not synchronize to the new photoperiod or were delayed. Combining intersectional rabies virus tracing and projection-specific neuronal silencing, we delineated a preoptic area-to-mrEn1Pet1 connection that was responsible for decoding the photoperiodic inputs, driving the neurotransmitter reorganization and promoting behavioural synchronization. Our results reveal a brain circuit and periodic, branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment that regulates organismal adaptation to photoperiod change.

日照量(光周期)的变化会改变生理和行为1,2。对季节性光周期的适应性反应对所有生物都至关重要--光周期失调会导致疾病,包括情感障碍3 和代谢综合征4。昼夜节律回路与此类反应有关5,6,但人们对支持光周期变化相位同步的精确细胞基质知之甚少。在这里,我们发现了一种脑回路和轴突分支特异性可逆神经递质调配系统,它对行为和睡眠对光周期的适应至关重要。小鼠脑干正中饶舌核中一种名为 mrEn1-Pet17 的神经元将血清素从 VGLUT3(又称 SLC17A8,谷氨酸的代用品)分离到不同的轴突分支,这些分支支配着涉及昼夜节律和睡眠觉醒时间的特定脑区8,9。这种分支特异性神经递质调配并不区分白昼和黑夜阶段;但是,它会随着光周期的变化而重组。轴突(而非细胞体)在偏离赤经光照/黑暗条件时会改变神经化学表型,而在回到赤经条件时这些变化又会逆转。当我们从基因上禁用mrEn1-Pet1神经元中的Vglut3时,睡眠-觉醒期、自主活动和时钟基因表达并不与新的光周期同步或延迟。结合交叉狂犬病毒追踪和投射特异性神经元沉默,我们划定了视前区到 mrEn1Pet1 的连接,该连接负责解码光周期输入、驱动神经递质重组和促进行为同步。我们的研究结果揭示了调节生物体对光周期变化适应的大脑回路和周期性、分支特异性神经递质调配。
{"title":"Adaptation to photoperiod via dynamic neurotransmitter segregation.","authors":"G Maddaloni, Y J Chang, R A Senft, S M Dymecki","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07692-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-024-07692-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in the amount of daylight (photoperiod) alter physiology and behaviour<sup>1,2</sup>. Adaptive responses to seasonal photoperiods are vital to all organisms-dysregulation associates with disease, including affective disorders<sup>3</sup> and metabolic syndromes<sup>4</sup>. The circadian rhythm circuitry is implicated in such responses<sup>5,6</sup>, yet little is known about the precise cellular substrates that underlie phase synchronization to photoperiod change. Here we identify a brain circuit and system of axon branch-specific and reversible neurotransmitter deployment that are critical for behavioural and sleep adaptation to photoperiod. A type of neuron called mrEn1-Pet1<sup>7</sup> in the mouse brainstem median raphe nucleus segregates serotonin from VGLUT3 (also known as SLC17A8, a proxy for glutamate) to different axonal branches that innervate specific brain regions involved in circadian rhythm and sleep-wake timing<sup>8,9</sup>. This branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment did not distinguish between daylight and dark phase; however, it reorganized with change in photoperiod. Axonal boutons, but not cell soma, changed neurochemical phenotype upon a shift away from equinox light/dark conditions, and these changes were reversed upon return to equinox conditions. When we genetically disabled Vglut3 in mrEn1-Pet1 neurons, sleep-wake periods, voluntary activity and clock gene expression did not synchronize to the new photoperiod or were delayed. Combining intersectional rabies virus tracing and projection-specific neuronal silencing, we delineated a preoptic area-to-mrEn1Pet1 connection that was responsible for decoding the photoperiodic inputs, driving the neurotransmitter reorganization and promoting behavioural synchronization. Our results reveal a brain circuit and periodic, branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment that regulates organismal adaptation to photoperiod change.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sources of gene expression variation in a globally diverse human cohort. 全球不同人群基因表达变异的来源。
IF 50.5 1区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07708-2
Dylan J Taylor, Surya B Chhetri, Michael G Tassia, Arjun Biddanda, Stephanie M Yan, Genevieve L Wojcik, Alexis Battle, Rajiv C McCoy

Genetic variation that influences gene expression and splicing is a key source of phenotypic diversity1-5. Although invaluable, studies investigating these links in humans have been strongly biased towards participants of European ancestries, which constrains generalizability and hinders evolutionary research. Here to address these limitations, we developed MAGE, an open-access RNA sequencing dataset of lymphoblastoid cell lines from 731 individuals from the 1000 Genomes Project6, spread across 5 continental groups and 26 populations. Most variation in gene expression (92%) and splicing (95%) was distributed within versus between populations, which mirrored the variation in DNA sequence. We mapped associations between genetic variants and expression and splicing of nearby genes (cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and cis-splicing QTLs (sQTLs), respectively). We identified more than 15,000 putatively causal eQTLs and more than 16,000 putatively causal sQTLs that are enriched for relevant epigenomic signatures. These include 1,310 eQTLs and 1,657 sQTLs that are largely private to underrepresented populations. Our data further indicate that the magnitude and direction of causal eQTL effects are highly consistent across populations. Moreover, the apparent 'population-specific' effects observed in previous studies were largely driven by low resolution or additional independent eQTLs of the same genes that were not detected. Together, our study expands our understanding of human gene expression diversity and provides an inclusive resource for studying the evolution and function of human genomes.

影响基因表达和剪接的遗传变异是表型多样性的一个重要来源1-5。尽管这些研究很有价值,但调查人类中这些联系的研究却严重偏向于欧洲血统的参与者,这限制了研究的普遍性并阻碍了进化研究。为了解决这些局限性,我们开发了 MAGE,这是一个开放存取的 RNA 测序数据集,来自 1000 基因组计划6 的 731 个个体的淋巴母细胞系,分布在 5 个大陆组和 26 个人群中。基因表达(92%)和剪接(95%)的大多数变异分布在人群内部和人群之间,这反映了 DNA 序列的变异。我们绘制了遗传变异与附近基因的表达和剪接之间的关联图(分别为顺式表达数量性状位点(eQTLs)和顺式剪接 QTLs(sQTLs))。我们发现了超过 15,000 个推测为因果关系的 eQTL 和超过 16,000 个推测为因果关系的 sQTL,它们富集了相关的表观基因组特征。其中包括 1,310 个 eQTL 和 1,657 个 sQTL,它们在很大程度上不属于代表性不足的人群。我们的数据进一步表明,eQTL 的因果效应的大小和方向在不同人群中高度一致。此外,以往研究中观察到的明显的 "种群特异性 "效应在很大程度上是由低分辨率或未检测到的相同基因的额外独立 eQTLs 驱动的。总之,我们的研究拓展了我们对人类基因表达多样性的理解,为研究人类基因组的进化和功能提供了一个包容性资源。
{"title":"Sources of gene expression variation in a globally diverse human cohort.","authors":"Dylan J Taylor, Surya B Chhetri, Michael G Tassia, Arjun Biddanda, Stephanie M Yan, Genevieve L Wojcik, Alexis Battle, Rajiv C McCoy","doi":"10.1038/s41586-024-07708-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41586-024-07708-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic variation that influences gene expression and splicing is a key source of phenotypic diversity<sup>1-5</sup>. Although invaluable, studies investigating these links in humans have been strongly biased towards participants of European ancestries, which constrains generalizability and hinders evolutionary research. Here to address these limitations, we developed MAGE, an open-access RNA sequencing dataset of lymphoblastoid cell lines from 731 individuals from the 1000 Genomes Project<sup>6</sup>, spread across 5 continental groups and 26 populations. Most variation in gene expression (92%) and splicing (95%) was distributed within versus between populations, which mirrored the variation in DNA sequence. We mapped associations between genetic variants and expression and splicing of nearby genes (cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and cis-splicing QTLs (sQTLs), respectively). We identified more than 15,000 putatively causal eQTLs and more than 16,000 putatively causal sQTLs that are enriched for relevant epigenomic signatures. These include 1,310 eQTLs and 1,657 sQTLs that are largely private to underrepresented populations. Our data further indicate that the magnitude and direction of causal eQTL effects are highly consistent across populations. Moreover, the apparent 'population-specific' effects observed in previous studies were largely driven by low resolution or additional independent eQTLs of the same genes that were not detected. Together, our study expands our understanding of human gene expression diversity and provides an inclusive resource for studying the evolution and function of human genomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":50.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Nature
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1