Pub Date : 2024-07-03DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01067-5
Nancy H. L. Leung, Donald K. Milton
A WHO report suggests the terms ‘airborne transmission/inhalation’, ‘direct deposition’ and ‘infectious respiratory particles’ for describing transmission modes, highlighting the continuum of particle size with greatest exposure near the source. The report did not update infection control guidelines.
{"title":"New WHO proposed terminology for respiratory pathogen transmission","authors":"Nancy H. L. Leung, Donald K. Milton","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01067-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01067-5","url":null,"abstract":"A WHO report suggests the terms ‘airborne transmission/inhalation’, ‘direct deposition’ and ‘infectious respiratory particles’ for describing transmission modes, highlighting the continuum of particle size with greatest exposure near the source. The report did not update infection control guidelines.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 8","pages":"453-454"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01069-3
Hualan Liu
This month’s Genome Watch highlights the use of genetic barcoding towards a better understanding of plant–microorganism interactions and colonization dynamics.
本期 "基因组观察 "重点介绍利用基因条形码更好地了解植物与微生物之间的相互作用和定殖动态。
{"title":"Bacterial barcoding facilitates plant microbiome studies","authors":"Hualan Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01069-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01069-3","url":null,"abstract":"This month’s Genome Watch highlights the use of genetic barcoding towards a better understanding of plant–microorganism interactions and colonization dynamics.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 8","pages":"459-459"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01062-w
Gordon D. Brown, Elizabeth R. Ballou, Steven Bates, Elaine M. Bignell, Andrew M. Borman, Alexandra C. Brand, Alistair J. P. Brown, Carolina Coelho, Peter C. Cook, Rhys A. Farrer, Nelesh P. Govender, Neil A. R. Gow, William Hope, J. Claire Hoving, Rachael Dangarembizi, Thomas S. Harrison, Elizabeth M. Johnson, Liliane Mukaremera, Mark Ramsdale, Christopher R. Thornton, Jane Usher, Adilia Warris, Duncan Wilson
Human fungal infections are a historically neglected area of disease research, yet they cause more than 1.5 million deaths every year. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of these infections has increased considerably over the past decade, through major insights into both the host and pathogen factors that contribute to the phenotype and severity of these diseases. Recent studies are revealing multiple mechanisms by which fungi modify and manipulate the host, escape immune surveillance and generate complex comorbidities. Although the emergence of fungal strains that are less susceptible to antifungal drugs or that rapidly evolve drug resistance is posing new threats, greater understanding of immune mechanisms and host susceptibility factors is beginning to offer novel immunotherapeutic options for the future. In this Review, we provide a broad and comprehensive overview of the pathobiology of human fungal infections, focusing specifically on pathogens that can cause invasive life-threatening infections, highlighting recent discoveries from the pathogen, host and clinical perspectives. We conclude by discussing key future challenges including antifungal drug resistance, the emergence of new pathogens and new developments in modern medicine that are promoting susceptibility to infection. In this Review, Brown et al. provide an overview of fungal pathobiology from the pathogen, host and clinical perspectives, focusing specifically on pathogens that can cause invasive life-threatening infections.
{"title":"The pathobiology of human fungal infections","authors":"Gordon D. Brown, Elizabeth R. Ballou, Steven Bates, Elaine M. Bignell, Andrew M. Borman, Alexandra C. Brand, Alistair J. P. Brown, Carolina Coelho, Peter C. Cook, Rhys A. Farrer, Nelesh P. Govender, Neil A. R. Gow, William Hope, J. Claire Hoving, Rachael Dangarembizi, Thomas S. Harrison, Elizabeth M. Johnson, Liliane Mukaremera, Mark Ramsdale, Christopher R. Thornton, Jane Usher, Adilia Warris, Duncan Wilson","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01062-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01062-w","url":null,"abstract":"Human fungal infections are a historically neglected area of disease research, yet they cause more than 1.5 million deaths every year. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of these infections has increased considerably over the past decade, through major insights into both the host and pathogen factors that contribute to the phenotype and severity of these diseases. Recent studies are revealing multiple mechanisms by which fungi modify and manipulate the host, escape immune surveillance and generate complex comorbidities. Although the emergence of fungal strains that are less susceptible to antifungal drugs or that rapidly evolve drug resistance is posing new threats, greater understanding of immune mechanisms and host susceptibility factors is beginning to offer novel immunotherapeutic options for the future. In this Review, we provide a broad and comprehensive overview of the pathobiology of human fungal infections, focusing specifically on pathogens that can cause invasive life-threatening infections, highlighting recent discoveries from the pathogen, host and clinical perspectives. We conclude by discussing key future challenges including antifungal drug resistance, the emergence of new pathogens and new developments in modern medicine that are promoting susceptibility to infection. In this Review, Brown et al. provide an overview of fungal pathobiology from the pathogen, host and clinical perspectives, focusing specifically on pathogens that can cause invasive life-threatening infections.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 11","pages":"687-704"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01064-8
Matthieu Domenech de Cellès, Pejman Rohani
Pertussis, which is caused by Bordetella pertussis, has plagued humans for at least 800 years, is highly infectious and can be fatal in the unvaccinated, especially very young infants. Although the rollout of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines in the 1940s and 1950s was associated with a drastic drop in incidence, concerns regarding the reactogenicity of wP vaccines led to the development of a new generation of safer, acellular (aP) vaccines that have been adopted mainly in high-income countries. Over the past 20 years, some countries that boast high aP coverage have experienced a resurgence in pertussis, which has led to substantial debate over the basic immunology, epidemiology and evolutionary biology of the bacterium. Controversy surrounds the duration of natural immunity and vaccine-derived immunity, the ability of vaccines to prevent transmission and severe disease, and the impact of evolution on evading vaccine immunity. Resolving these issues is made challenging by incomplete detection of pertussis cases, the absence of a serological marker of immunity, modest sequencing of the bacterial genome and heterogeneity in diagnostic methods of surveillance. In this Review, we lay out the complexities of contemporary pertussis and, where possible, propose a parsimonious explanation for apparently incongruous observations. In this Review, Domenech de Cellès and Rohani explore the contemporary epidemiology of pertussis and discuss the controversies surrounding the mechanisms responsible for the re-emergence of pertussis, including the effectiveness and duration of natural immunity and vaccine-derived immunity, the ability of vaccines to prevent transmission and severe disease, and the impact of evolution on evading vaccine immunity.
{"title":"Pertussis vaccines, epidemiology and evolution","authors":"Matthieu Domenech de Cellès, Pejman Rohani","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01064-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01064-8","url":null,"abstract":"Pertussis, which is caused by Bordetella pertussis, has plagued humans for at least 800 years, is highly infectious and can be fatal in the unvaccinated, especially very young infants. Although the rollout of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines in the 1940s and 1950s was associated with a drastic drop in incidence, concerns regarding the reactogenicity of wP vaccines led to the development of a new generation of safer, acellular (aP) vaccines that have been adopted mainly in high-income countries. Over the past 20 years, some countries that boast high aP coverage have experienced a resurgence in pertussis, which has led to substantial debate over the basic immunology, epidemiology and evolutionary biology of the bacterium. Controversy surrounds the duration of natural immunity and vaccine-derived immunity, the ability of vaccines to prevent transmission and severe disease, and the impact of evolution on evading vaccine immunity. Resolving these issues is made challenging by incomplete detection of pertussis cases, the absence of a serological marker of immunity, modest sequencing of the bacterial genome and heterogeneity in diagnostic methods of surveillance. In this Review, we lay out the complexities of contemporary pertussis and, where possible, propose a parsimonious explanation for apparently incongruous observations. In this Review, Domenech de Cellès and Rohani explore the contemporary epidemiology of pertussis and discuss the controversies surrounding the mechanisms responsible for the re-emergence of pertussis, including the effectiveness and duration of natural immunity and vaccine-derived immunity, the ability of vaccines to prevent transmission and severe disease, and the impact of evolution on evading vaccine immunity.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 11","pages":"722-735"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141435850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bacteria curb emissions in farmland","authors":"Agustina Taglialegna","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01071-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01071-9","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Hiis et al. demonstrate that the N2O-respiring bacterial strain Cloacibacterium sp. CB-01 can reduce nitrous oxide emissions from soil.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 8","pages":"456-456"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141430401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01058-6
Yahan Wei, Dennise Palacios Araya, Kelli L. Palmer
The opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecium colonizes humans and a wide range of animals, endures numerous stresses, resists antibiotic treatment and stubbornly persists in clinical environments. The widespread application of antibiotics in hospitals and agriculture has contributed to the emergence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, which causes many hospital-acquired infections. In this Review, we explore recent discoveries about the evolutionary history, the environmental adaptation and the colonization and dissemination mechanisms of E. faecium and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. These studies provide critical insights necessary for developing novel preventive and therapeutic approaches against vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and also reveal the intricate interrelationships between the environment, the microorganism and the host, providing knowledge that is broadly relevant to how antibiotic-resistant pathogens emerge and endure. This Review explores recent insights into the evolutionary history, the environmental adaptation and the colonization and dissemination mechanisms of Enterococcus faecium, and highlight potential novel preventative and therapeutic approaches to its infections.
{"title":"Enterococcus faecium: evolution, adaptation, pathogenesis and emerging therapeutics","authors":"Yahan Wei, Dennise Palacios Araya, Kelli L. Palmer","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01058-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01058-6","url":null,"abstract":"The opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecium colonizes humans and a wide range of animals, endures numerous stresses, resists antibiotic treatment and stubbornly persists in clinical environments. The widespread application of antibiotics in hospitals and agriculture has contributed to the emergence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, which causes many hospital-acquired infections. In this Review, we explore recent discoveries about the evolutionary history, the environmental adaptation and the colonization and dissemination mechanisms of E. faecium and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. These studies provide critical insights necessary for developing novel preventive and therapeutic approaches against vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and also reveal the intricate interrelationships between the environment, the microorganism and the host, providing knowledge that is broadly relevant to how antibiotic-resistant pathogens emerge and endure. This Review explores recent insights into the evolutionary history, the environmental adaptation and the colonization and dissemination mechanisms of Enterococcus faecium, and highlight potential novel preventative and therapeutic approaches to its infections.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 11","pages":"705-721"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141419806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01072-8
Andrea Du Toit
This study shows that archaea produce catalytically active ultraminimal as well as hybrid [FeFe] hydrogenases.
这项研究表明，古细菌能产生具有催化活性的超微结构氢酶和混合[FeFe]氢酶。
{"title":"Gassy archaea","authors":"Andrea Du Toit","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01072-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01072-8","url":null,"abstract":"This study shows that archaea produce catalytically active ultraminimal as well as hybrid [FeFe] hydrogenases.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 8","pages":"456-456"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141419807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01070-w
Agustina Taglialegna
In this study, Niggs et al. show that Drosophila A virus infection modulates epithelial turnover in the intestine of Drosophila melanogaster, promoting premature intestinal dysplasia and reducing fly lifespan.
在这项研究中，Niggs 等人发现，果蝇 A 病毒感染会调节黑腹果蝇肠道上皮的更替，促进肠道过早发育不良，缩短果蝇的寿命。
{"title":"A virus hastens ageing in flies","authors":"Agustina Taglialegna","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01070-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01070-w","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Niggs et al. show that Drosophila A virus infection modulates epithelial turnover in the intestine of Drosophila melanogaster, promoting premature intestinal dysplasia and reducing fly lifespan.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 8","pages":"455-455"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supra-structures to target lipid II","authors":"Andrea Du Toit","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01066-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01066-6","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports that plectasin uses a supramolecular antimicrobial mode of action, whereby the oligomerized peptide sequesters lipid II.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 8","pages":"455-455"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：