Pub Date : 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01095-1
Ashley York
A recent study demonstrates targeting plasmid-encoded bacterial proteins containing immunoglobulin-like domains to prevent the conjugation and spread of antimicrobial resistance plasmids.
{"title":"Targeting the spread of antimicrobial resistance plasmids","authors":"Ashley York","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01095-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01095-1","url":null,"abstract":"A recent study demonstrates targeting plasmid-encoded bacterial proteins containing immunoglobulin-like domains to prevent the conjugation and spread of antimicrobial resistance plasmids.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 10","pages":"595-595"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141973776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01086-2
Kendra P. Rumbaugh, Marvin Whiteley
Biofilms are complex microbial communities that have a critical function in many natural ecosystems, industrial settings as well as in recurrent and chronic infections. Biofilms are highly heterogeneous and dynamic assemblages that display complex responses to varying environmental factors, and those properties present substantial challenges for their study and control. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing improved biofilm models to offer more precise and comprehensive representations of these intricate systems. However, an objective assessment for ascertaining the ability of biofilms in model systems to recapitulate those in natural environments has been lacking. In this Perspective, we focus on medical biofilms to delve into the current state-of-the-art in biofilm modelling, emphasizing the advantages and limitations of different approaches and addressing the key challenges and opportunities for future research. We outline a framework for quantitatively assessing model accuracy. Ultimately, this Perspective aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of medically focused biofilm models, with the intent of inspiring future research aimed at enhancing the biological relevance of biofilm models. In this Perspective, Rumbaugh and Whiteley explore the advantages and limitations of current medical biofilm models and outline a framework for quantitatively assessing model accuracy.
{"title":"Towards improved biofilm models","authors":"Kendra P. Rumbaugh, Marvin Whiteley","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01086-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01086-2","url":null,"abstract":"Biofilms are complex microbial communities that have a critical function in many natural ecosystems, industrial settings as well as in recurrent and chronic infections. Biofilms are highly heterogeneous and dynamic assemblages that display complex responses to varying environmental factors, and those properties present substantial challenges for their study and control. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing improved biofilm models to offer more precise and comprehensive representations of these intricate systems. However, an objective assessment for ascertaining the ability of biofilms in model systems to recapitulate those in natural environments has been lacking. In this Perspective, we focus on medical biofilms to delve into the current state-of-the-art in biofilm modelling, emphasizing the advantages and limitations of different approaches and addressing the key challenges and opportunities for future research. We outline a framework for quantitatively assessing model accuracy. Ultimately, this Perspective aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of medically focused biofilm models, with the intent of inspiring future research aimed at enhancing the biological relevance of biofilm models. In this Perspective, Rumbaugh and Whiteley explore the advantages and limitations of current medical biofilm models and outline a framework for quantitatively assessing model accuracy.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"23 1","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01091-5
Andrea Du Toit
This study used structure-based drug design and modular synthesis to identify small molecules with antimicrobial activity.
这项研究采用了基于结构的药物设计和模块化合成方法，以确定具有抗菌活性的小分子。
{"title":"Designer antibiotics","authors":"Andrea Du Toit","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01091-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01091-5","url":null,"abstract":"This study used structure-based drug design and modular synthesis to identify small molecules with antimicrobial activity.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 10","pages":"595-595"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01076-4
Derek Cocker, Gabriel Birgand, Nina Zhu, Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano, Raheelah Ahmad, Kondwani Jambo, Anna S. Levin, Alison Holmes
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge that threatens humans, animals and the environment. Evidence is emerging for a role of healthcare infrastructure, environments and patient pathways in promoting and maintaining AMR via direct and indirect mechanisms. Advances in vaccination and monoclonal antibody therapies together with integrated surveillance, rapid diagnostics, targeted antimicrobial therapy and infection control measures offer opportunities to address healthcare-associated AMR risks more effectively. Additionally, innovations in artificial intelligence, data linkage and intelligent systems can be used to better predict and reduce AMR and improve healthcare resilience. In this Review, we examine the mechanisms by which healthcare functions as a driver, reservoir and amplifier of AMR, contextualized within a One Health framework. We also explore the opportunities and innovative solutions that can be used to combat AMR throughout the patient journey. We provide a perspective on the current evidence for the effectiveness of interventions designed to mitigate healthcare-associated AMR and promote healthcare resilience within high-income and resource-limited settings, as well as the challenges associated with their implementation. In this Review, Holmes and colleagues explore the mechanisms by which healthcare functions as a driver, reservoir and amplifier of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and they explore opportunities and innovative solutions to mitigate healthcare-associated AMR and promote healthcare resilience.
抗菌素耐药性（AMR）是威胁人类、动物和环境的全球性健康挑战。越来越多的证据表明，医疗保健基础设施、环境和患者途径通过直接和间接机制在促进和维持 AMR 方面发挥着作用。疫苗接种和单克隆抗体疗法的进步，以及综合监测、快速诊断、针对性抗菌治疗和感染控制措施，为更有效地应对与医疗保健相关的 AMR 风险提供了机遇。此外，人工智能、数据链接和智能系统方面的创新可用于更好地预测和减少 AMR，并提高医疗保健的复原力。在本《综述》中，我们将结合 "一个健康 "框架，研究医疗保健作为 AMR 的驱动因素、储存库和放大器的机制。我们还探讨了可用于在整个患者治疗过程中对抗 AMR 的机遇和创新解决方案。我们提供了一个视角，从目前的证据来看，在高收入和资源有限的环境中，旨在减轻与医疗相关的 AMR 和促进医疗弹性的干预措施是有效的，同时我们还提供了与实施这些措施相关的挑战。
{"title":"Healthcare as a driver, reservoir and amplifier of antimicrobial resistance: opportunities for interventions","authors":"Derek Cocker, Gabriel Birgand, Nina Zhu, Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano, Raheelah Ahmad, Kondwani Jambo, Anna S. Levin, Alison Holmes","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01076-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01076-4","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge that threatens humans, animals and the environment. Evidence is emerging for a role of healthcare infrastructure, environments and patient pathways in promoting and maintaining AMR via direct and indirect mechanisms. Advances in vaccination and monoclonal antibody therapies together with integrated surveillance, rapid diagnostics, targeted antimicrobial therapy and infection control measures offer opportunities to address healthcare-associated AMR risks more effectively. Additionally, innovations in artificial intelligence, data linkage and intelligent systems can be used to better predict and reduce AMR and improve healthcare resilience. In this Review, we examine the mechanisms by which healthcare functions as a driver, reservoir and amplifier of AMR, contextualized within a One Health framework. We also explore the opportunities and innovative solutions that can be used to combat AMR throughout the patient journey. We provide a perspective on the current evidence for the effectiveness of interventions designed to mitigate healthcare-associated AMR and promote healthcare resilience within high-income and resource-limited settings, as well as the challenges associated with their implementation. In this Review, Holmes and colleagues explore the mechanisms by which healthcare functions as a driver, reservoir and amplifier of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and they explore opportunities and innovative solutions to mitigate healthcare-associated AMR and promote healthcare resilience.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 10","pages":"636-649"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141755100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01074-6
Madelyn Moy, Cecilia Kyany’a, Mailis Maes
This Genome Watch highlights the advances made in bacterial single-cell RNA sequencing, specifically in the context of host–microorganism interaction studies.
{"title":"Leave no transcripts behind","authors":"Madelyn Moy, Cecilia Kyany’a, Mailis Maes","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01074-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01074-6","url":null,"abstract":"This Genome Watch highlights the advances made in bacterial single-cell RNA sequencing, specifically in the context of host–microorganism interaction studies.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 9","pages":"527-527"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01075-5
Benoit J. Kunath, Charlotte De Rudder, Cedric C. Laczny, Elisabeth Letellier, Paul Wilmes
The human body hosts trillions of microorganisms throughout many diverse habitats with different physico-chemical characteristics. Among them, the oral cavity and the gut harbour some of the most dense and diverse microbial communities. Although these two sites are physiologically distinct, they are directly connected and can influence each other in several ways. For example, oral microorganisms can reach and colonize the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the context of gut dysbiosis. However, the mechanisms of colonization and the role that the oral microbiome plays in causing or exacerbating diseases in other organs have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we describe recent advances in our understanding of how the oral and intestinal microbiota interplay in relation to their impact on human health and disease. In this Review, Kunath et al. explore the interaction between the oral and the intestinal microbiota and how they influence each other and the development of different diseases.
{"title":"The oral–gut microbiome axis in health and disease","authors":"Benoit J. Kunath, Charlotte De Rudder, Cedric C. Laczny, Elisabeth Letellier, Paul Wilmes","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01075-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01075-5","url":null,"abstract":"The human body hosts trillions of microorganisms throughout many diverse habitats with different physico-chemical characteristics. Among them, the oral cavity and the gut harbour some of the most dense and diverse microbial communities. Although these two sites are physiologically distinct, they are directly connected and can influence each other in several ways. For example, oral microorganisms can reach and colonize the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the context of gut dysbiosis. However, the mechanisms of colonization and the role that the oral microbiome plays in causing or exacerbating diseases in other organs have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we describe recent advances in our understanding of how the oral and intestinal microbiota interplay in relation to their impact on human health and disease. In this Review, Kunath et al. explore the interaction between the oral and the intestinal microbiota and how they influence each other and the development of different diseases.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 12","pages":"791-805"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01077-3
Jack A. Gilbert, Erica M. Hartmann
Indoor environments serve as habitat for humans and are replete with various reservoirs and niches for microorganisms. Microorganisms enter indoor spaces with their human and non-human hosts, as well as via exchange with outdoor sources, such as ventilation and plumbing. Once inside, many microorganisms do not survive, especially on dry, barren surfaces. Even reduced, this microbial biomass has critical implications for the health of human occupants. As urbanization escalates, exploring the intersection of the indoor environment with the human microbiome and health is increasingly vital. The indoor microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms influenced by human activities and environmental factors, plays a pivotal role in modulating infectious diseases and fostering healthy immune development. Recent advancements in microbiome research shed light on this unique ecological system, highlighting the need for innovative approaches in creating health-promoting living spaces. In this Review, we explore the microbial ecology of built environments — places where humans spend most of their lives — and its implications for immune, endocrine and neurological health. We further propose strategies to harness the indoor microbiome for better health outcomes. In this Review, Gilbert and Hartmann examine the microbial ecology of indoor spaces, the factors that influence the microbiome of the built environment, and their influence on human health.
{"title":"The indoors microbiome and human health","authors":"Jack A. Gilbert, Erica M. Hartmann","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01077-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01077-3","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor environments serve as habitat for humans and are replete with various reservoirs and niches for microorganisms. Microorganisms enter indoor spaces with their human and non-human hosts, as well as via exchange with outdoor sources, such as ventilation and plumbing. Once inside, many microorganisms do not survive, especially on dry, barren surfaces. Even reduced, this microbial biomass has critical implications for the health of human occupants. As urbanization escalates, exploring the intersection of the indoor environment with the human microbiome and health is increasingly vital. The indoor microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms influenced by human activities and environmental factors, plays a pivotal role in modulating infectious diseases and fostering healthy immune development. Recent advancements in microbiome research shed light on this unique ecological system, highlighting the need for innovative approaches in creating health-promoting living spaces. In this Review, we explore the microbial ecology of built environments — places where humans spend most of their lives — and its implications for immune, endocrine and neurological health. We further propose strategies to harness the indoor microbiome for better health outcomes. In this Review, Gilbert and Hartmann examine the microbial ecology of indoor spaces, the factors that influence the microbiome of the built environment, and their influence on human health.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 12","pages":"742-755"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141727535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01065-7
Patrick E. Duffy, J. Patrick Gorres, Sara A. Healy, Michal Fried
Malaria killed over 600,000 people in 2022, a death toll that has not improved since 2015. Additionally, parasites and mosquitoes resistant to existing interventions are spreading across Africa and other regions. Vaccines offer hope to reduce the mortality burden: the first licensed malaria vaccines, RTS,S and R21, will be widely deployed in 2024 and should substantially reduce childhood deaths. In this Review, we provide an overview of the malaria problem and the Plasmodium parasite, then describe the RTS,S and R21 vaccines (the first vaccines for any human parasitic disease), summarizing their benefits and limitations. We explore next-generation vaccines designed using new knowledge of malaria pathogenesis and protective immunity, which incorporate antigens and platforms to elicit effective immune responses against different parasite stages in human or mosquito hosts. We describe a decision-making process that prioritizes malaria vaccine candidates for development in a resource-constrained environment. Future vaccines might improve upon the protective efficacy of RTS,S or R21 for children, or address the wider malaria scourge by preventing pregnancy malaria, reducing the burden of Plasmodium vivax or accelerating malaria elimination. In this Review, Duffy et al. examine the malaria vaccine landscape, showcasing both achievements and setbacks over the past decades. They discuss approaches and assays for different parasite stages, summarize recent advancements, propose a decision-making process for the field and identify future priorities to address unmet needs.
{"title":"Malaria vaccines: a new era of prevention and control","authors":"Patrick E. Duffy, J. Patrick Gorres, Sara A. Healy, Michal Fried","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01065-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01065-7","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria killed over 600,000 people in 2022, a death toll that has not improved since 2015. Additionally, parasites and mosquitoes resistant to existing interventions are spreading across Africa and other regions. Vaccines offer hope to reduce the mortality burden: the first licensed malaria vaccines, RTS,S and R21, will be widely deployed in 2024 and should substantially reduce childhood deaths. In this Review, we provide an overview of the malaria problem and the Plasmodium parasite, then describe the RTS,S and R21 vaccines (the first vaccines for any human parasitic disease), summarizing their benefits and limitations. We explore next-generation vaccines designed using new knowledge of malaria pathogenesis and protective immunity, which incorporate antigens and platforms to elicit effective immune responses against different parasite stages in human or mosquito hosts. We describe a decision-making process that prioritizes malaria vaccine candidates for development in a resource-constrained environment. Future vaccines might improve upon the protective efficacy of RTS,S or R21 for children, or address the wider malaria scourge by preventing pregnancy malaria, reducing the burden of Plasmodium vivax or accelerating malaria elimination. In this Review, Duffy et al. examine the malaria vaccine landscape, showcasing both achievements and setbacks over the past decades. They discuss approaches and assays for different parasite stages, summarize recent advancements, propose a decision-making process for the field and identify future priorities to address unmet needs.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 12","pages":"756-772"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tearing CRISPR apart","authors":"Andrea Du Toit","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01084-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01084-4","url":null,"abstract":"This study shows that the anti-CRISPR protein AcrIF25 inhibits the type I-F CRISPR–Cas system by pulling apart the fully assembled Csy complex.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 9","pages":"524-524"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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