Pub Date : 2025-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103325
Long Chen , Zenghua Liu , Zhenhe Tang , Jian Duan , Yanping Zhu , Zongjian Zhang , Xiaoyu Liu , Cunfu He
Ultrasonic testing plays a crucial role in detecting early structural damage and identifying micro-defects, particularly in processes like additive manufacturing and welding. The full matrix capture (FMC) method, leveraging laser ultrasound technology, excels in imaging sub-millimeter micro defects. However, its extensive data acquisition time hinders real-time imaging. To address this, a selection matrix capture approach is adopted to reduce data collection and enhance detection speed. Specifically, a multi-parameter genetic algorithm (MPGA) is proposed to optimize sparse array layouts. This optimization is based on theoretical detection sensitivity means and standard deviations, evaluating array layout quality. The imaging method combined multi-scale principal component analysis with phase weighting techniques. Experiments on sub-millimeter defects, including side drilling holes (SDH), blind holes (BH), and spherical holes (SH), were conducted. Results showed that, compared to random and uniform sparsity, the genetic algorithm optimized sparse array provided superior imaging as sparsity decreased. Effective defect detection was achieved with only 5 %–20 % of full matrix data.
{"title":"Optimization of selection matrix capture for micro defects laser ultrasound imaging using multi-parameter genetic algorithm","authors":"Long Chen , Zenghua Liu , Zhenhe Tang , Jian Duan , Yanping Zhu , Zongjian Zhang , Xiaoyu Liu , Cunfu He","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasonic testing plays a crucial role in detecting early structural damage and identifying micro-defects, particularly in processes like additive manufacturing and welding. The full matrix capture (FMC) method, leveraging laser ultrasound technology, excels in imaging sub-millimeter micro defects. However, its extensive data acquisition time hinders real-time imaging. To address this, a selection matrix capture approach is adopted to reduce data collection and enhance detection speed. Specifically, a multi-parameter genetic algorithm (MPGA) is proposed to optimize sparse array layouts. This optimization is based on theoretical detection sensitivity means and standard deviations, evaluating array layout quality. The imaging method combined multi-scale principal component analysis with phase weighting techniques. Experiments on sub-millimeter defects, including side drilling holes (SDH), blind holes (BH), and spherical holes (SH), were conducted. Results showed that, compared to random and uniform sparsity, the genetic algorithm optimized sparse array provided superior imaging as sparsity decreased. Effective defect detection was achieved with only 5 %–20 % of full matrix data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 103325"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103324
Vinícius Moura Giglio, Vladimir Guilherme Haach
This paper aims to challenge the conventional approach of ultrasonic computerized tomography in concrete structures by using bio-inspired algorithms (genetic algorithms and ant colony optimization) to determine non-linear wave paths for generating tomographic images. Numerical UPV tests were conducted in two phases followed by an experimental validation. Initially, all algorithms were used to determine the shortest paths of ultrasonic waves, considering a known velocity map in a continuous medium. The time of flight (TOF) and wave trajectories were analyzed by adjusting the parameters of the bio-inspired algorithms. In the subsequent phase, the algorithms were evaluated for their efficiency in generating tomographic images of concrete cross sections through an iterative path update process. An experimental specimen was constructed, and ultrasonic tests were conducted to validate the proposed approach. The results demonstrated that all evaluated methods could determine paths that were faster than a straight line. Moreover, they exhibited the capability to generate improved images with enhanced precision regarding particle size and location. This conclusion highlights the potential of using bio-inspired algorithms as a promising alternative for optimizing ultrasonic wave paths and enhancing the accuracy of tomographic imaging.
{"title":"Optimization of ultrasonic tomography in concrete using non-linear paths through bio-inspired algorithms","authors":"Vinícius Moura Giglio, Vladimir Guilherme Haach","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to challenge the conventional approach of ultrasonic computerized tomography in concrete structures by using bio-inspired algorithms (genetic algorithms and ant colony optimization) to determine non-linear wave paths for generating tomographic images. Numerical UPV tests were conducted in two phases followed by an experimental validation. Initially, all algorithms were used to determine the shortest paths of ultrasonic waves, considering a known velocity map in a continuous medium. The time of flight (TOF) and wave trajectories were analyzed by adjusting the parameters of the bio-inspired algorithms. In the subsequent phase, the algorithms were evaluated for their efficiency in generating tomographic images of concrete cross sections through an iterative path update process. An experimental specimen was constructed, and ultrasonic tests were conducted to validate the proposed approach. The results demonstrated that all evaluated methods could determine paths that were faster than a straight line. Moreover, they exhibited the capability to generate improved images with enhanced precision regarding particle size and location. This conclusion highlights the potential of using bio-inspired algorithms as a promising alternative for optimizing ultrasonic wave paths and enhancing the accuracy of tomographic imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 103324"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103322
Patrick Swaschnig , Johannes Kofler , Reinhard Klambauer , Alexander Bergmann
This study presents a novel approach to detect damaged pouch foils in lithium-ion batteries by analyzing changes in their mechanical properties using Lamb waves. A contactless measurement system combining an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) and a laser vibrometer was developed and tested during the back-end production process of batteries. Three data analysis methods – signal amplitude difference, time-of-flight (ToF) analysis, and root mean square error (RMSE) analysis – were evaluated. Proof-of-principle measurements showed that all three methods effectively detected damage in the absence of the back-end process, confirming that pouch foil damage changes the mechanical properties and thus the propagation of Lamb waves in a battery. This approach integrated into the production line could significantly improve the safety, reliability, and performance of lithium-ion batteries through real-time monitoring and quality control. Since the measurement system is contactless, it represents a practical and non-invasive solution for different stages of battery production.
{"title":"In-line detection of pouch foil damage in batteries during manufacturing using lamb waves","authors":"Patrick Swaschnig , Johannes Kofler , Reinhard Klambauer , Alexander Bergmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel approach to detect damaged pouch foils in lithium-ion batteries by analyzing changes in their mechanical properties using Lamb waves. A contactless measurement system combining an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) and a laser vibrometer was developed and tested during the back-end production process of batteries. Three data analysis methods – signal amplitude difference, time-of-flight (ToF) analysis, and root mean square error (RMSE) analysis – were evaluated. Proof-of-principle measurements showed that all three methods effectively detected damage in the absence of the back-end process, confirming that pouch foil damage changes the mechanical properties and thus the propagation of Lamb waves in a battery. This approach integrated into the production line could significantly improve the safety, reliability, and performance of lithium-ion batteries through real-time monitoring and quality control. Since the measurement system is contactless, it represents a practical and non-invasive solution for different stages of battery production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 103322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103321
Jing Xie , Lina Chen , Yage Han , Weiping Huang , Guozhen Li , Changhang Xu
Cracks in steel structures are usually covered by corrosion material and become a hidden hazard to the safety of the structures. It is significantly hard to detect this kind of hidden cracks because of the serious interference form the corrosion layer. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) in visualizing such hidden cracks and to conduct an in-depth investigation into the inspection mechanism. A simulation model is constructed to analyze electromagnetic and thermal response in the inspected object, which helps to determine the specific thermal features caused by hidden cracks and to clarify the inspection mechanism. Experiments were implemented to verify the effectiveness of ECPT and to confirm thermal features caused by hidden cracks at the inspected surface. Simulation and experimental results show that specific thermal features caused by hidden cracks provide a means of recognizing the hidden cracks from the inspection results. Experimental results also verify that ECPT presents good applicability for specimens with various corrosion severity and for cracks with various orientations. Without need of additional preprocessing of the corroded surface, this work provides a non-contact, instant and intuitive way to visualize the hidden cracks covered by corrosion in steel structures.
{"title":"Visualization of hidden cracks under corrosion layer in steel structures via eddy current pulsed thermography: Simulation and experiment","authors":"Jing Xie , Lina Chen , Yage Han , Weiping Huang , Guozhen Li , Changhang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cracks in steel structures are usually covered by corrosion material and become a hidden hazard to the safety of the structures. It is significantly hard to detect this kind of hidden cracks because of the serious interference form the corrosion layer. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) in visualizing such hidden cracks and to conduct an in-depth investigation into the inspection mechanism. A simulation model is constructed to analyze electromagnetic and thermal response in the inspected object, which helps to determine the specific thermal features caused by hidden cracks and to clarify the inspection mechanism. Experiments were implemented to verify the effectiveness of ECPT and to confirm thermal features caused by hidden cracks at the inspected surface. Simulation and experimental results show that specific thermal features caused by hidden cracks provide a means of recognizing the hidden cracks from the inspection results. Experimental results also verify that ECPT presents good applicability for specimens with various corrosion severity and for cracks with various orientations. Without need of additional preprocessing of the corroded surface, this work provides a non-contact, instant and intuitive way to visualize the hidden cracks covered by corrosion in steel structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 103321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103320
Sung-Jun Bang , Dong-Gi Song , Kyung-Young Jhang
The ultrasonic nonlinearity parameter has been demonstrated in numerous studies to be an effective indicator of material degradation. In most such studies, the second-order nonlinearity parameter, defined using the second harmonic component generated during the ultrasonic propagation, is measured via the through-transmission method. However, the pulse-echo method is highly advantageous in field applications. Unfortunately, the second harmonic component is difficult to receive using the pulse-echo method due to the phase inversion effect. To address this difficulty, we measure the third-order nonlinearity parameter, defined using the third harmonic component that is free from phase inversion, using the pulse-echo method to assess heat-treated INCONEL alloy 690. For experimental verification, INCONEL alloy 690 specimens were prepared with up to 200 h of heat treatment at 700 °C. For comparison, the second-order nonlinearity parameter was measured via the through-transmission method. Additionally, the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation coefficient, which are linear parameters, were also measured to compare their change rates with those of the nonlinear parameters. Subsequently, the tensile and yield strengths were obtained through the destructive tensile test, and the results were correlated with the measured parameters. Our results indicate that the third-order nonlinearity parameter showed the strongest correlation to the measured strengths. The second-order nonlinearity parameter showed the same trend as that of the third-order nonlinearity parameter but with lower change rate and the attenuation coefficient showed a tendency, but the change rate was greatly reduced. The ultrasonic velocity showed almost no change. These results show that the third-order nonlinearity parameter is an effective indicator of thermal aging of INCONEL alloy 690 material, and this methodology is expected to be highly applicable to field applications.
{"title":"Assessment of heat-treated INCONEL alloy 690 using third-order ultrasonic nonlinearity parameter measured by the pulse-echo method","authors":"Sung-Jun Bang , Dong-Gi Song , Kyung-Young Jhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2025.103320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ultrasonic nonlinearity parameter has been demonstrated in numerous studies to be an effective indicator of material degradation. In most such studies, the second-order nonlinearity parameter, defined using the second harmonic component generated during the ultrasonic propagation, is measured via the through-transmission method. However, the pulse-echo method is highly advantageous in field applications. Unfortunately, the second harmonic component is difficult to receive using the pulse-echo method due to the phase inversion effect. To address this difficulty, we measure the third-order nonlinearity parameter, defined using the third harmonic component that is free from phase inversion, using the pulse-echo method to assess heat-treated INCONEL alloy 690. For experimental verification, INCONEL alloy 690 specimens were prepared with up to 200 h of heat treatment at 700 °C. For comparison, the second-order nonlinearity parameter was measured via the through-transmission method. Additionally, the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation coefficient, which are linear parameters, were also measured to compare their change rates with those of the nonlinear parameters. Subsequently, the tensile and yield strengths were obtained through the destructive tensile test, and the results were correlated with the measured parameters. Our results indicate that the third-order nonlinearity parameter showed the strongest correlation to the measured strengths. The second-order nonlinearity parameter showed the same trend as that of the third-order nonlinearity parameter but with lower change rate and the attenuation coefficient showed a tendency, but the change rate was greatly reduced. The ultrasonic velocity showed almost no change. These results show that the third-order nonlinearity parameter is an effective indicator of thermal aging of INCONEL alloy 690 material, and this methodology is expected to be highly applicable to field applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 103320"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103318
Lianwei Sun , Weijia Shi , Xinqi Tian , Jiaxin Li , Bo Zhao , Shaokai Wang , Jiubin Tan
Accurate non-destructive characterization of the stress state of CFRP is crucial for evaluating material performance and guaranteeing structural safety. A method for characterizing plane stress in CFRP using arrayed LCR waves is proposed in this study. Considering the impact of CFRP anisotropy on ultrasonic wave propagation, a linear relationship between stress variations and acoustic time changes in anisotropic materials is determined based on the acoustic elastic effect. A measurement model for plane stress of CFRP is developed, and the magnitude and orientation of the principal stresses in the plane were calculated using the acoustic time characteristics of echo signals in three detection directions. Accurate extraction of the acoustic time of the echo signal is the key to stress measurement. A novel acoustic time extraction algorithm that integrates the Gaussian empirical model with the Gabor transform domain is proposed to address the challenges posed by noise and aliasing distortion in echo signals. The problem of parameter estimation and noise reduction in echo signals is transformed into a function optimization problem. The acoustic time and center frequency of the echo signal are then estimated using the best similarity model. Gaussian white noise with a signal-to-noise ratio of 1 dB is introduced to the echo signal, followed by processing using the proposed algorithm. The relative error in acoustic time extraction is found to be less than 0.32 %. Then, the CFRP sample undergo the stress coefficient calibration experiment. Following the pre-calibrated stress coefficient, uniaxial tensile tests were performed on the identical batch of CFRP samples. The experimental results show that in the range of 0–160 MPa, the measurement errors for stress and angle are less than 8.96 MPa and 6.87°, respectively. And the standard deviations for stress and angle repeatability measurements are less than 4.95 MPa and 2.99°, respectively. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method in this study offers a viable technology for measuring plane stress in large components with orthotropic anisotropy.
{"title":"A plane stress measurement method for CFRP material based on array LCR waves","authors":"Lianwei Sun , Weijia Shi , Xinqi Tian , Jiaxin Li , Bo Zhao , Shaokai Wang , Jiubin Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate non-destructive characterization of the stress state of CFRP is crucial for evaluating material performance and guaranteeing structural safety. A method for characterizing plane stress in CFRP using arrayed LCR waves is proposed in this study. Considering the impact of CFRP anisotropy on ultrasonic wave propagation, a linear relationship between stress variations and acoustic time changes in anisotropic materials is determined based on the acoustic elastic effect. A measurement model for plane stress of CFRP is developed, and the magnitude and orientation of the principal stresses in the plane were calculated using the acoustic time characteristics of echo signals in three detection directions. Accurate extraction of the acoustic time of the echo signal is the key to stress measurement. A novel acoustic time extraction algorithm that integrates the Gaussian empirical model with the Gabor transform domain is proposed to address the challenges posed by noise and aliasing distortion in echo signals. The problem of parameter estimation and noise reduction in echo signals is transformed into a function optimization problem. The acoustic time and center frequency of the echo signal are then estimated using the best similarity model. Gaussian white noise with a signal-to-noise ratio of 1 dB is introduced to the echo signal, followed by processing using the proposed algorithm. The relative error in acoustic time extraction is found to be less than 0.32 %. Then, the CFRP sample undergo the stress coefficient calibration experiment. Following the pre-calibrated stress coefficient, uniaxial tensile tests were performed on the identical batch of CFRP samples. The experimental results show that in the range of 0–160 MPa, the measurement errors for stress and angle are less than 8.96 MPa and 6.87°, respectively. And the standard deviations for stress and angle repeatability measurements are less than 4.95 MPa and 2.99°, respectively. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method in this study offers a viable technology for measuring plane stress in large components with orthotropic anisotropy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 103318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103319
P. Vourna , N.D. Papadopoulos , P.P. Falara , E. Hristoforou
The study examines the corrosion behavior of shipbuilding steel in an artificial marine environment. The steel samples were submerged in artificial saltwater for varying periods, and the corrosion behavior was examined using traditional methods like open circuit potential tests, metallographic observation and surface roughness assessment. The non-destructive magnetic approach using Barkhausen noise was also used. The corrosion process involves the creation of iron oxides and hydroxides, with the rate of corrosion linked to mass reduction. The surface roughness and corrosion depth increase with longer exposure to the corrosive environment. MBNmax drop gradually over time in artificial seawater, while MBNPP and MBNFWHM are increased, presenting a linear correlation. The behaviour of magnetic parameters resent a similar trend both in RD and TD. Both MBNmax and MBNFWHM measurements offer useful insights into the corrosion process and the role of the corrosion layer in the ferromagnetic matrix.
{"title":"Barkhausen noise emission of naval steel: The impact of seawater corrosion coverage and depth","authors":"P. Vourna , N.D. Papadopoulos , P.P. Falara , E. Hristoforou","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study examines the corrosion behavior of shipbuilding steel in an artificial marine environment. The steel samples were submerged in artificial saltwater for varying periods, and the corrosion behavior was examined using traditional methods like open circuit potential tests, metallographic observation and surface roughness assessment. The non-destructive magnetic approach using Barkhausen noise was also used. The corrosion process involves the creation of iron oxides and hydroxides, with the rate of corrosion linked to mass reduction. The surface roughness and corrosion depth increase with longer exposure to the corrosive environment. MBN<sub>max</sub> drop gradually over time in artificial seawater, while MBN<sub>PP</sub> and MBN<sub>FWHM</sub> are increased, presenting a linear correlation. The behaviour of magnetic parameters resent a similar trend both in RD and TD. Both MBN<sub>max</sub> and MBN<sub>FWHM</sub> measurements offer useful insights into the corrosion process and the role of the corrosion layer in the ferromagnetic matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 103319"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For industrial quality control, non-destructive testing (NDT) of complex metallic parts relies on the accurate knowledge of the object’s surface profile. Currently, this information is typically obtained through design documents or separate dedicated measurements. This study realizes non-contact, accurate reconstruction of metallic surface profiles, eliminating the need for obtaining prior knowledge of the object’s shape and position relative to the sensor. An EC sensor is fixed to the end-effector of a UR5 robotic arm (RA), and its signals are used to control the pose of the RA, keeping its axis perpendicular to the local surface and maintaining a specific lift-off distance. The metallic surface profile can be reconstructed from the scanning trajectory of the RA. In experiments, the surface of a cylindrical metallic pipe is reconstructed without prior information, with the root mean square error (RMSE) of the surface profile being lower than 0.17 mm. An example of automatic tracking and scanning of a tapered exhaust pipe is also provided.
{"title":"Pose control and profile tracking with eddy current sensor and robotic arm for NDT applications","authors":"Fengkuan Zhu, Xue Bai, Zihan Xia, Tian Meng, Xiaofei Liu, Wuliang Yin, Wuqiang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For industrial quality control, non-destructive testing (NDT) of complex metallic parts relies on the accurate knowledge of the object’s surface profile. Currently, this information is typically obtained through design documents or separate dedicated measurements. This study realizes non-contact, accurate reconstruction of metallic surface profiles, eliminating the need for obtaining prior knowledge of the object’s shape and position relative to the sensor. An EC sensor is fixed to the end-effector of a UR5 robotic arm (RA), and its signals are used to control the pose of the RA, keeping its axis perpendicular to the local surface and maintaining a specific lift-off distance. The metallic surface profile can be reconstructed from the scanning trajectory of the RA. In experiments, the surface of a cylindrical metallic pipe is reconstructed without prior information, with the root mean square error (RMSE) of the surface profile being lower than 0.17 mm. An example of automatic tracking and scanning of a tapered exhaust pipe is also provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 103312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103314
Zhou Fang, Conglin Lin, Yanwei Huang
The position of a macrocrack within a circular tube can be determined through the periodic energy distribution variation of a linear non-axisymmetric guided wave. However, to determine the positions of a microcrack within a circular tube is still a difficult job, even for the nonlinear guided wave. Unlike the linear guided wave can detect the axial position through the reflection from a macrocrack, a fatigue crack does not even cause remarkable reflection. This paper investigates the energy concentration degree periodical variation rule of fatigue crack-induced second harmonic non-axisymmetric guided wave within a circular tube. The quantitative relationship between the energy concentration degree and its propagated axial distance is potential to be used to detect a fatigue crack and characterize its axial, circumferential positions. To facilitate the investigation, a specific frequency extracting method was optimized to extract the second harmonic non-axisymmetric guided wave. In addition, an energy concentration degree coefficient was designed to characterize the energy distribution. The fundamental, numerical and experimental work were implemented to verify the studied energy concentration degree periodical variation rule.
{"title":"Energy concentration degree periodical variation rule of fatigue crack-induced second harmonic non-axisymmetric guided wave within circular tubes","authors":"Zhou Fang, Conglin Lin, Yanwei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The position of a macrocrack within a circular tube can be determined through the periodic energy distribution variation of a linear non-axisymmetric guided wave. However, to determine the positions of a microcrack within a circular tube is still a difficult job, even for the nonlinear guided wave. Unlike the linear guided wave can detect the axial position through the reflection from a macrocrack, a fatigue crack does not even cause remarkable reflection. This paper investigates the energy concentration degree periodical variation rule of fatigue crack-induced second harmonic non-axisymmetric guided wave within a circular tube. The quantitative relationship between the energy concentration degree and its propagated axial distance is potential to be used to detect a fatigue crack and characterize its axial, circumferential positions. To facilitate the investigation, a specific frequency extracting method was optimized to extract the second harmonic non-axisymmetric guided wave. In addition, an energy concentration degree coefficient was designed to characterize the energy distribution. The fundamental, numerical and experimental work were implemented to verify the studied energy concentration degree periodical variation rule.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 103314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103308
Victor H.R. Machado , Matheus A. Burda , Tatiana de A. Prado , Glauber Brante , Thiago A.R. Passarin , Giovanni A. Guarneri , Joaquim M. Maia , Gustavo P. Pires , Daniel R. Pipa
Ultrasound imaging in industrial and NDT applications is an important tool for diagnosis and monitoring. Reducing signal acquisition time is often desirable to, e.g., lower the costs of inspection campaigns, such as in long oil pipelines. Nevertheless, even fast imaging algorithms such as Coherence Plane-Wave Compounding (CPWC) require a fair amount of data, which typically lengthens inspection times. In this paper, we propose an inspection scheme in which plane-waves with different angles are emitted simultaneously in order to further reduce the acquisition time. Using coded excitation in the emission and filter banks in the reception, the signals can be separated for subsequent processing as if they were emitted at different instants. To design both signal shapes and matched filters, we developed a procedure that minimizes the sidelobes of the auto- and cross-correlation using a genetic algorithm. The proposed scheme is denoted by Simultaneous Plane-waves with genetic algorithm Optimization and fast delay-multiply-and-sum Multiple Acquisitions (SPOMA). Results show that the proposed genetic algorithm outperforms other methods from the literature in terms of sidelobe minimization in the simultaneous ultrasound field. Due to hardware limitations in the ultrasound system, the emitted signals could not be generated as arbitrarily as desired, constraining the sidelobe minimization and resulting in artifacts in the reconstructed image. To address these artifacts, a combination of CPWC-delayed samples, spatial apodization, and fast delay-multiply-and-sum techniques was employed, yielding a trade-off between image quality and acquisition time, while keeping the computational cost of post-processing low. Experimental results show that the proposed SPOMA scheme achieves better image quality using less acquisition time when compared to conventional non-simultaneous plane-wave imaging.
{"title":"Ultrasound imaging using SPOMA: Simultaneous Plane-waves with genetic algorithm Optimization and fast delay-multiply-and-sum Multiple Acquisitions","authors":"Victor H.R. Machado , Matheus A. Burda , Tatiana de A. Prado , Glauber Brante , Thiago A.R. Passarin , Giovanni A. Guarneri , Joaquim M. Maia , Gustavo P. Pires , Daniel R. Pipa","doi":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasound imaging in industrial and NDT applications is an important tool for diagnosis and monitoring. Reducing signal acquisition time is often desirable to, e.g., lower the costs of inspection campaigns, such as in long oil pipelines. Nevertheless, even fast imaging algorithms such as Coherence Plane-Wave Compounding (CPWC) require a fair amount of data, which typically lengthens inspection times. In this paper, we propose an inspection scheme in which plane-waves with different angles are emitted simultaneously in order to further reduce the acquisition time. Using coded excitation in the emission and filter banks in the reception, the signals can be separated for subsequent processing as if they were emitted at different instants. To design both signal shapes and matched filters, we developed a procedure that minimizes the sidelobes of the auto- and cross-correlation using a genetic algorithm. The proposed scheme is denoted by Simultaneous Plane-waves with genetic algorithm Optimization and fast delay-multiply-and-sum Multiple Acquisitions (SPOMA). Results show that the proposed genetic algorithm outperforms other methods from the literature in terms of sidelobe minimization in the simultaneous ultrasound field. Due to hardware limitations in the ultrasound system, the emitted signals could not be generated as arbitrarily as desired, constraining the sidelobe minimization and resulting in artifacts in the reconstructed image. To address these artifacts, a combination of CPWC-delayed samples, spatial apodization, and fast delay-multiply-and-sum techniques was employed, yielding a trade-off between image quality and acquisition time, while keeping the computational cost of post-processing low. Experimental results show that the proposed SPOMA scheme achieves better image quality using less acquisition time when compared to conventional non-simultaneous plane-wave imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18868,"journal":{"name":"Ndt & E International","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 103308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143094678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号