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Binder Microstructures Developed during the Hydration Process in the System Portland Cement – Calcium Aluminate Cement – Calcium Sulfate 硅酸盐水泥-铝酸钙水泥-硫酸钙体系水化过程中粘结剂微观结构的形成
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1557/OPL.2016.20
A. Moncea, A. Panait, G. Deák, G. Poteraș
Lately, the investigations of binders from ternary system Portland cement (PC), calcium aluminate cement (CAC) and calcium sulfate ( $Coverline S$ ), have gone through a larger stage of development due to their special properties such as fast setting and rapid hardening, early strength, non-efflorescence, etc. These special properties are ensured by the binder’s microstructure, developed through hydration processes and reactions between hydrate components, which allows us to use them in special environments (aggressive environments with very low or very high level of pH, environments with high temperature, etc.). The binders from this system were simply named “dry mortars”, and provide the final user with an easy processing. In order to explain the mechanical behavior of the specimens exposed in normal curing conditions (T = 20 ± 2 °C and R.H. ≈ 95%), and with different percentages of calcium sulfate (added as hemihydrate or anhydrite), research on the microstructure of the hardened system was performed using SEM and XRD investigation techniques. The analyses have been performed on the binder pastes, hydrated for 1 and 28 days. The tests results showed that the specimen with anhydrous $Coverline S$ content had the best mechanical behavior.
近年来,三元体系硅酸盐水泥(PC)、铝酸钙水泥(CAC)和硫酸钙($Coverline S$)的粘结剂由于具有快凝结快硬化、早强、不开花等特殊性能,其研究得到了较大的发展。这些特殊性能是由粘合剂的微观结构保证的,通过水化过程和水合物组分之间的反应形成,这使我们能够在特殊环境中使用它们(pH值非常低或非常高的侵蚀环境,高温环境等)。该系统的粘合剂被简单地命名为“干砂浆”,并为最终用户提供了一个简单的加工。为了解释在正常养护条件下(T = 20±2℃,R.H.≈95%),以及不同比例硫酸钙(以半水或硬石膏的形式添加)下暴露的试样的力学行为,采用SEM和XRD研究技术对硬化体系的微观结构进行了研究。对黏合剂膏体进行了分析,水化时间分别为1天和28天。试验结果表明,无水C + S +的试样力学性能最好。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of severe plastic deformation on an extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy 挤压ZK60镁合金剧烈塑性变形的影响
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1557/OPL.2016.82
F. Dumitru, G. Deák, Ó. Higuera-Cobos, J. Cabrera-Marrero
Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was carried out on extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy until an equivalent strain of ∼4 (corresponding to 4 passes) at 523K following route Bc. The effect of the deformation on both microstructure and texture was investigated by analysis of inverse pole figures and pole figures respectively, determined by EBSD. Additionaly, the mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile tests. The ECAPed processed ZK60 alloy showed the presence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) process, correlated with a strong basal fiber texture. The presence of pyramidal slip was also observed, which can be correlated with the presence on twin-oriented boundaries in the material. Both the grain size reduction and the existence of texture influenced the ductility of the magnesium alloy processed by ECAP, as the ductility of the ZK60 alloy after four ECAP passes increased two times in comparation with the initial (un-processed) material.
对挤压后的ZK60镁合金进行等通道角挤压(ECAP),直到在523K下沿路线Bc获得等效应变~ 4(对应4次)。通过反极图和极图分析,研究了变形对组织和织构的影响。此外,通过拉伸试验对其力学性能进行了评价。经ecape处理的ZK60合金存在动态再结晶(DRX)过程,具有较强的基纤维织构。还观察到锥体滑移的存在,这可能与材料中双取向边界的存在有关。晶粒尺寸的减小和织构的存在都影响了经ECAP处理的镁合金的塑性,经过4道ECAP处理后的ZK60合金的塑性比初始(未加工)材料提高了2倍。
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引用次数: 5
Production of Amorphous Alloys by Special Electrometallurgy Methods 特殊电冶金法生产非晶合金
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1557/opl.2016.12
V. Shapovalov, Y. Nikitenko, A. Manulyk, D. Kalashnyk
Fast-quenched alloys with amorphous and microcrystalline structures were obtained by the cooling drum spinning method during plasma-arc melting process. Thermal load measurements carried out during the melting process and the spinning of the molten material that followed, helped us to modify the existing plasma-arc equipment. Metallographic analyses of the amorphous alloys showed the influence of some quenching process parameters on the creation of their microstructure and revealed the nature of the formation of the crystal structures.
在等离子弧熔炼过程中,采用冷却鼓纺丝法获得了具有非晶和微晶结构的快淬合金。在熔化过程中进行的热负荷测量以及随后熔融材料的旋转,帮助我们修改了现有的等离子弧设备。对非晶合金进行金相分析,揭示了淬火工艺参数对非晶合金微观组织形成的影响,揭示了非晶合金晶体结构形成的本质。
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引用次数: 0
Arborescent Polypeptides for Sustained Drug Delivery 用于持续给药的树状多肽
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1557/OPL.2016.70
Mosa H. Alsehli, M. Gauthier
Polypeptides are receiving increasing attention as building blocks to create nanostructures for biomedical applications. The first goal of this investigation was to explore the influence of the reaction conditions in the synthesis of well-defined dendritic graft (arborescent) polypeptides from amine-terminated poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate) (PBG) chains. The optimization was carried out in terms of the reaction temperature, solvent, reaction time, and mole ratio of reactants and coupling agents. Size exclusion chromatography served to evaluate the grafting reaction in terms of grafting yield (fraction of side chains coupled with the substrate) and coupling efficiency (fraction of coupling sites consumed on the substrate). The maximum grafting yield and coupling efficiency achieved were 67% and 74%, respectively. These arborescent PBG substrates were subsequently grafted with poly(ethylene oxide) segments forming a hydrophilic shell, to obtain water-dispersible unimolecular micelles useful as delivery vehicles for doxorubicin.
多肽作为构建生物医学纳米结构的基石,正受到越来越多的关注。本研究的第一个目的是探索反应条件对氨基端聚(γ-苄基- l-谷氨酸)(PBG)链合成定义明确的树突状(树状)多肽的影响。对反应温度、溶剂、反应时间、反应物和偶联剂的摩尔比等因素进行了优化。尺寸排除色谱法用于评估接枝反应的接枝率(与底物偶联的侧链的比例)和偶联效率(在底物上消耗的偶联位点的比例)。最大接枝率和偶联效率分别为67%和74%。这些树状PBG底物随后接枝聚环氧乙烷片段,形成亲水外壳,以获得可水分散的单分子胶束,可作为阿霉素的递送载体。
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引用次数: 6
Effect of Current Density on the Microstructure and Adhesion of Ni-Co/Al 2 O 3 Composite Coatings 电流密度对Ni-Co/ al2o3复合镀层组织及附着力的影响
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1557/OPL.2016.67
Diana Alejo-Guerra, C. León-Patiño, E. Aguilar-Reyes, José E. Bedolla-Becerril
Ni-Co/Al 2 O 3 composites with alumina particles below 0.53 µm in size were electrochemically deposited on carbon steel AISI-O1 substrates. The influence of current density (2, 3, 4 and 5 mA/cm 2 ) on the microstructure and adhesion behavior was investigated. It was found that the micro-hardness of the surface increased in 90% with respect to the plain substrate. SEM examination revealed an increased thickness from 3.7 to 10.7 µm at current density of 2 and 5 mA/cm 2 , respectively. The Co/Ni weight ratio in the coatings was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS); the content of Co and Ni at 2 mA/cm 2 were 42.4 %Co and 57.6 %Ni, while at 5 mA/cm 2 were 44.5%Co and 55.5%Ni. The adhesion of the coatings was evaluated qualitatively according to the VDI 3198 norm; in all the cases, the adhesion was more than acceptable since no cracks or detachments were observed in the periphery of the marks. Details on the synthesis and properties of the Ni-Co/Al 2 O 3 composite coatings are presented together with the excellent properties they show despite of their thin thickness.
在碳钢AISI-O1衬底上电化学沉积了尺寸小于0.53µm的Ni-Co/ al2o3复合材料。研究了电流密度(2、3、4和5 mA/ cm2)对复合材料微观结构和粘附性能的影响。结果表明,与普通基体相比,表面显微硬度提高了90%。扫描电镜检查显示,在电流密度分别为2和5 mA/ cm2时,厚度从3.7增加到10.7µm。采用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)测定了镀层中Co/Ni的质量比;在2 mA/cm 2时Co和Ni的含量分别为42.4% Co和57.6% Ni,而在5 mA/cm 2时Co和Ni的含量分别为44.5%Co和55.5%Ni。根据VDI 3198标准对涂层的附着力进行定性评价;在所有的情况下,附着力是超过可接受的,因为没有裂缝或脱离观察到在标记的外围。本文详细介绍了Ni-Co/ al2o3复合涂层的合成和性能,并对其薄层性能进行了分析。
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引用次数: 0
Organic additives as antimicrobial agents in thermoplastics compounds 热塑性塑料中用作抗菌剂的有机添加剂
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1557/OPL.2016.54
D. Tomacheski, M. Pittol, V. Ribeiro, R. Santana
Development of polymers with antimicrobial characteristics can avoid deterioration and assist in containing spread of pathogens harmful to human health. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial and mechanical properties of polymeric matrices containing organic antimicrobial additives. Silver organomodified bentonite (Ag_bentonite) and organochlorine molecule in a masterbatch based polyethylene (Cl_PE) were tested in proportion of 2% in a thermoplastic elastomeric formulation. The polymeric matrices were prepared by melt mixing and evaluated in tensile and antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and Escherichia coli ( E. coli) strains . The additives were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanoscale of Ag_bentonite was verified by SEM. TGA assay showed that Cl_PE is more sensitive to heat than Ag_bentonite. As a result of this lower thermal stability, the addition of Cl_PE reduced the tensile properties of the compound. The sample with Cl_PE was effective against both bacterial strains, reducing the populations of S. aureus and E. coli in 99 and 96%, respectively. The addition of Ag_bentonite did not affect the tensile strength and decreased in 97 and 40% S. aureus and E. coli populations, respectively. The results indicate that the use of organic additives is promissory, but further modifications in processing must be necessary.
开发具有抗菌特性的聚合物可以避免变质,并有助于遏制对人类健康有害的病原体的传播。本研究旨在比较含有有机抗菌添加剂的聚合物基质的抗菌性能和力学性能。在热塑性弹性体配方中,以2%的比例对银改性膨润土(ag_膨润土)和基于母粒的聚乙烯(Cl_PE)中的有机氯分子进行了测试。采用熔融混合法制备了聚合物基质,并对金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)和大肠杆菌(E. coli)菌株的拉伸性能和抗菌性能进行了评价。通过热重分析(TGA)和扫描电镜(SEM)对添加剂进行了表征。通过扫描电镜对ag_膨润土的纳米级进行了验证。TGA分析表明,Cl_PE比ag_膨润土对热更敏感。由于这种较低的热稳定性,Cl_PE的加入降低了化合物的拉伸性能。含Cl_PE的样品对两种细菌均有效,金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的数量分别减少99%和96%。添加ag_膨润土对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗拉强度没有影响,分别降低了97%和40%。结果表明,有机添加剂的使用是有希望的,但在加工过程中必须进一步改进。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation of Mechanical Elongation and Compression of Nanostructures 纳米结构机械伸长和压缩的模拟
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1557/OPL.2016.42
S. Mejía-Rosales, Carlos Fernández-Navarro
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引用次数: 1
Morphological and Spectroscopic Studies of Chitin Nanowhiskers 几丁质纳米晶须的形态与光谱研究
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1557/OPL.2016.46
Violeta Campos-Cornelio, N. Flores-Ramírez, S. R. Vasquez‐Garcia, L. Domratcheva-Lvova, L. García-González
Chitin nanowhiskers were obtained with the purpose to be used as astaxanthin protectors against the photo and thermal degradation. These nanostructures were generated by a freezing/thawing procedure using two stirring methods: mechanical and sonication, which were named as FTM and FTS respectively. Morphological and spectroscopic studies were carried out on chitin nanowhiskers by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Through a SEM analysis, chitin fibers were found uniformly spaced and oriented with the width ranged from of 20-40 nm. Furthermore, the nanowhiskers obtained by FTM showed long and flattened structures and bundles of homogeneous sizes, which have the capacity of being sites of stress concentration. In contrast, by FTS, the nanowhiskers showed coarse fibers exhibiting numerous peaks. By comparing the two methods is appreciated that FTS method provides more surface area, giving more sites for functionalization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) allowed the determination of free movement of functional groups on the surface of samples obtained by FTM and FTS methods. Significant differences of signals in the spectra indicate that there were more unassociated amides in the nanowhiskers obtained by FTS than by FTM.
制备了几丁质纳米晶须,并将其作为虾青素的光降解和热降解保护剂。这些纳米结构是通过两种搅拌方法(机械搅拌和超声搅拌)的冷冻/解冻过程产生的,分别被称为FTM和FTS。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对甲壳素纳米晶须进行了形貌和光谱学研究。通过扫描电镜分析,发现甲壳素纤维间距均匀,取向均匀,宽度在20 ~ 40 nm之间。此外,通过FTM获得的纳米须具有长而扁平的结构和均匀大小的束,具有成为应力集中部位的能力。相比之下,通过FTS,纳米晶须显示出大量的粗纤维峰。通过两种方法的比较,我们认识到FTS方法提供了更大的表面积,提供了更多的功能化位点。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)可以测定FTM和FTS方法获得的样品表面官能团的自由运动。光谱信号的显著差异表明,傅里叶变换获得的纳米须中有更多的非缔合酰胺。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling the Complete Molecular Weight Distribution in Chain Growth Polymerizations 链式生长聚合中完全分子量分布的建模
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1557/OPL.2016.83
Ramiro Infante-Martínez, E. Saldívar‐Guerra, O. Pérez‐Camacho, M. García-Zamora, Víctor E Comparán-Padilla
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引用次数: 0
Nanostructured LB films developed from poly(p-acryloylaminophenylmethylphosphonic) acid 由聚对丙烯氨基苯基甲基膦酸制备的纳米LB膜
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1557/OPL.2016.74
Rosa E. Lazo-Jiménez, J. Chávez-Carvayar, A. Herrera-González, Valentin Islas-Pérez, M. Carreón-Castro
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引用次数: 0
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