Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-01928-8
Ziyao Hu, Huibin Han, Guodong Wang
Injury-induced regeneration allows plants to restore lost or damaged cells, tissues and organs and thus to survive severe injuries. A recent study shows that the microRNA396–GROWTH REGULATING FACTORs (miR396–GRFs) module has a bifunctional role in restoring a damaged root: miR396 bolsters regeneration potential, while its targets, the GRFs, accelerate regeneration speed.
{"title":"A microRNA defines root regeneration","authors":"Ziyao Hu, Huibin Han, Guodong Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-01928-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-01928-8","url":null,"abstract":"Injury-induced regeneration allows plants to restore lost or damaged cells, tissues and organs and thus to survive severe injuries. A recent study shows that the microRNA396–GROWTH REGULATING FACTORs (miR396–GRFs) module has a bifunctional role in restoring a damaged root: miR396 bolsters regeneration potential, while its targets, the GRFs, accelerate regeneration speed.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 3","pages":"387-388"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-01916-y
The ovule nucellus generates and then nurtures the female germline until maturity, preparing it for fertilization and seed development. We reveal that a B-sister MADS-box transcription factor, MADS31, is expressed in the inner subdomain of the nucellus and sustains germline development by preventing expression of post-fertilization genes.
{"title":"MADS31 coordinates germline development in cereal ovules","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-01916-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-01916-y","url":null,"abstract":"The ovule nucellus generates and then nurtures the female germline until maturity, preparing it for fertilization and seed development. We reveal that a B-sister MADS-box transcription factor, MADS31, is expressed in the inner subdomain of the nucellus and sustains germline development by preventing expression of post-fertilization genes.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 3","pages":"394-395"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-01915-z
Xiujuan Yang, Gang Li, Jin Shi, Laura G. Wilkinson, Matthew K. Aubert, Kelly Houston, Neil J. Shirley, Hengbin Gao, Ryan Lister, Lucia Colombo, Matthew R. Tucker
The female germline of flowering plants develops within a niche of sporophytic (somatic) ovule cells, also referred to as the nucellus. How niche cells maintain their own somatic developmental programme, yet support the development of adjoining germline cells, remains largely unknown. Here we report that MADS31, a conserved MADS-box transcription factor from the B-sister subclass, is a potent regulator of niche cell identity. In barley, MADS31 is preferentially expressed in nucellar cells directly adjoining the germline, and loss-of-function mads31 mutants exhibit deformed and disorganized nucellar cells, leading to impaired germline development and partial female sterility. Remarkably similar phenotypes are observed in mads31 mutants in wheat, suggesting functional conservation within the Triticeae tribe. Molecular assays indicate that MADS31 encodes a potent transcriptional repressor, targeting genes in the ovule that are normally active in the seed. One prominent target of MADS31 is NRPD4b, a seed-expressed component of RNA polymerase IV/V that is involved in epigenetic regulation. NRPD4b is directly repressed by MADS31 in vivo and is derepressed in mads31 ovules, while overexpression of NRPD4b recapitulates the mads31 ovule phenotype. Thus, repression of NRPD4b by MADS31 is required to maintain ovule niche functionality. Our findings reveal a new mechanism by which somatic ovule tissues maintain their identity and support germline development before transitioning to the post-fertilization programme. A somatic niche embraces the female germline in cereal ovules. MADS31 precisely maintains developmental progression of this niche to support the germline by repressing the post-fertilization programme.
{"title":"MADS31 supports female germline development by repressing the post-fertilization programme in cereal ovules","authors":"Xiujuan Yang, Gang Li, Jin Shi, Laura G. Wilkinson, Matthew K. Aubert, Kelly Houston, Neil J. Shirley, Hengbin Gao, Ryan Lister, Lucia Colombo, Matthew R. Tucker","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-01915-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-01915-z","url":null,"abstract":"The female germline of flowering plants develops within a niche of sporophytic (somatic) ovule cells, also referred to as the nucellus. How niche cells maintain their own somatic developmental programme, yet support the development of adjoining germline cells, remains largely unknown. Here we report that MADS31, a conserved MADS-box transcription factor from the B-sister subclass, is a potent regulator of niche cell identity. In barley, MADS31 is preferentially expressed in nucellar cells directly adjoining the germline, and loss-of-function mads31 mutants exhibit deformed and disorganized nucellar cells, leading to impaired germline development and partial female sterility. Remarkably similar phenotypes are observed in mads31 mutants in wheat, suggesting functional conservation within the Triticeae tribe. Molecular assays indicate that MADS31 encodes a potent transcriptional repressor, targeting genes in the ovule that are normally active in the seed. One prominent target of MADS31 is NRPD4b, a seed-expressed component of RNA polymerase IV/V that is involved in epigenetic regulation. NRPD4b is directly repressed by MADS31 in vivo and is derepressed in mads31 ovules, while overexpression of NRPD4b recapitulates the mads31 ovule phenotype. Thus, repression of NRPD4b by MADS31 is required to maintain ovule niche functionality. Our findings reveal a new mechanism by which somatic ovule tissues maintain their identity and support germline development before transitioning to the post-fertilization programme. A somatic niche embraces the female germline in cereal ovules. MADS31 precisely maintains developmental progression of this niche to support the germline by repressing the post-fertilization programme.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 3","pages":"543-560"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-025-01915-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-24DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-01921-1
Makoto Shirakawa, Tomoki Oguro, Shigeo S. Sugano, Shohei Yamaoka, Mayu Sagara, Mai Tanida, Kyoko Sunuma, Takuya Iwami, Tatsuyoshi Nakanishi, Keita Horiuchi, Kie Kumaishi, Soma Yoshida, Mutsumi Watanabe, Takayuki Tohge, Takamasa Suzuki, Yasunori Ichihashi, Atsushi Takemiya, Nobutoshi Yamaguchi, Takayuki Kohchi, Toshiro Ito
Co-option of gene regulatory networks leads to the acquisition of new cell types and tissues. Stomata, valves formed by guard cells (GCs), are present in most land plants and regulate CO2 exchange. The transcription factor (TF) FAMA globally regulates GC differentiation. In the Brassicales, FAMA also promotes the development of idioblast myrosin cells (MCs), another type of specialized cell along the vasculature essential for Brassicales-specific chemical defences. Here we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, FAMA directly induces the TF gene WASABI MAKER (WSB), which triggers MC differentiation. WSB and STOMATAL CARPENTER 1 (SCAP1, a stomatal lineage-specific direct FAMA target), synergistically promote GC differentiation. wsb mutants lacked MCs and the wsb scap1 double mutant lacked normal GCs. Evolutionary analyses revealed that WSB is conserved across stomatous angiosperms. We propose that the conserved and reduced transcriptional FAMA–WSB module was co-opted before evolving to induce MC differentiation. The authors identified a transcriptional module, FAMA–WASABI MAKER (WSB), for the development of stomata and idioblast myrosin cells. They propose that the conserved and reduced FAMA–WSB module was co-opted before evolving to induce idioblast development.
{"title":"Co-option and neofunctionalization of stomatal executors for defence against herbivores in Brassicales","authors":"Makoto Shirakawa, Tomoki Oguro, Shigeo S. Sugano, Shohei Yamaoka, Mayu Sagara, Mai Tanida, Kyoko Sunuma, Takuya Iwami, Tatsuyoshi Nakanishi, Keita Horiuchi, Kie Kumaishi, Soma Yoshida, Mutsumi Watanabe, Takayuki Tohge, Takamasa Suzuki, Yasunori Ichihashi, Atsushi Takemiya, Nobutoshi Yamaguchi, Takayuki Kohchi, Toshiro Ito","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-01921-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-01921-1","url":null,"abstract":"Co-option of gene regulatory networks leads to the acquisition of new cell types and tissues. Stomata, valves formed by guard cells (GCs), are present in most land plants and regulate CO2 exchange. The transcription factor (TF) FAMA globally regulates GC differentiation. In the Brassicales, FAMA also promotes the development of idioblast myrosin cells (MCs), another type of specialized cell along the vasculature essential for Brassicales-specific chemical defences. Here we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, FAMA directly induces the TF gene WASABI MAKER (WSB), which triggers MC differentiation. WSB and STOMATAL CARPENTER 1 (SCAP1, a stomatal lineage-specific direct FAMA target), synergistically promote GC differentiation. wsb mutants lacked MCs and the wsb scap1 double mutant lacked normal GCs. Evolutionary analyses revealed that WSB is conserved across stomatous angiosperms. We propose that the conserved and reduced transcriptional FAMA–WSB module was co-opted before evolving to induce MC differentiation. The authors identified a transcriptional module, FAMA–WASABI MAKER (WSB), for the development of stomata and idioblast myrosin cells. They propose that the conserved and reduced FAMA–WSB module was co-opted before evolving to induce idioblast development.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 3","pages":"483-504"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-025-01921-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-24DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01890-x
Margot E. Smit
Guard cells and myrosin cells have different functions, morphology and location and yet share regulators and a large part of their transcriptome. FAMA is required for the differentiation of both cell types. A recent study reveals WASABI MAKER as a FAMA target that is involved in both differentiation processes.
{"title":"Finding factors that enforce the multifaceted functions of FAMA","authors":"Margot E. Smit","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01890-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01890-x","url":null,"abstract":"Guard cells and myrosin cells have different functions, morphology and location and yet share regulators and a large part of their transcriptome. FAMA is required for the differentiation of both cell types. A recent study reveals WASABI MAKER as a FAMA target that is involved in both differentiation processes.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 3","pages":"385-386"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-01941-x
Science is often characterized as advancing through the discovery of rare and improbable events. For almost 200 years the Galápagos islands have supplied many such ‘black swans’, both zoological and botanical.
{"title":"Loving the alien","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-01941-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-01941-x","url":null,"abstract":"Science is often characterized as advancing through the discovery of rare and improbable events. For almost 200 years the Galápagos islands have supplied many such ‘black swans’, both zoological and botanical.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 2","pages":"147-147"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-025-01941-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-01923-z
Jianping Wang, Bo-Ya Du, Xue Zhang, Xiaomin Qu, Yang Yang, Zhao Yang, Yong-Fei Wang, Peng Zhang
Plant cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) belong to the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) channel family, but are phylogenetically classified in a distinct branch. In contrast to their animal counterparts of K+-selective or non-selective cation channels, plant CNGCs mainly mediate Ca2+ influx and are involved in various physiological processes, such as stomatal movements, pollen-tube growth and immune responses. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure and electrophysiological analysis of plant CNGC representatives, Arabidopsis CNGC1 and CNGC5. We found that CNGC1 and CNGC5 contain a unique extracellular domain featuring disulfide bonds that is essential for channel gating via coupling of the voltage-sensing domain with the pore domain. The pore domain selectivity filter possesses a Gln residue at the constriction site that determines the Ca2+ selectivity. Replacement of this Gln with Glu, typically observed in CNBD-type non-selective cation channels, could convert CNGC1 and CNGC5 from Ca2+-selective channels to non-selective cation channels permeable to Ca2+, Na+ or K+. In addition, we found that the CNGC1 and CNGC5 CNBD homology domain contains intrinsic-ligand-like interactions, which may devoid the binding of cyclic nucleotides and lead to gating independent of cAMP or cGMP. This research not only provides a mechanistic understanding of plant CNGCs’ function, but also adds to the comprehensive knowledge of the CNBD channels. Using cryo-EM structures and electrophysiological analysis of Arabidopsis CNGC1 and CNGC5, this study characterizes plant CNGCs as a class of CNBD channels that feature Ca2+ selectivity and are not regulated by cyclic nucleotide monophosphate binding.
{"title":"Cryo-EM structures of Arabidopsis CNGC1 and CNGC5 reveal molecular mechanisms underlying gating and calcium selectivity","authors":"Jianping Wang, Bo-Ya Du, Xue Zhang, Xiaomin Qu, Yang Yang, Zhao Yang, Yong-Fei Wang, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-01923-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-01923-z","url":null,"abstract":"Plant cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) belong to the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) channel family, but are phylogenetically classified in a distinct branch. In contrast to their animal counterparts of K+-selective or non-selective cation channels, plant CNGCs mainly mediate Ca2+ influx and are involved in various physiological processes, such as stomatal movements, pollen-tube growth and immune responses. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure and electrophysiological analysis of plant CNGC representatives, Arabidopsis CNGC1 and CNGC5. We found that CNGC1 and CNGC5 contain a unique extracellular domain featuring disulfide bonds that is essential for channel gating via coupling of the voltage-sensing domain with the pore domain. The pore domain selectivity filter possesses a Gln residue at the constriction site that determines the Ca2+ selectivity. Replacement of this Gln with Glu, typically observed in CNBD-type non-selective cation channels, could convert CNGC1 and CNGC5 from Ca2+-selective channels to non-selective cation channels permeable to Ca2+, Na+ or K+. In addition, we found that the CNGC1 and CNGC5 CNBD homology domain contains intrinsic-ligand-like interactions, which may devoid the binding of cyclic nucleotides and lead to gating independent of cAMP or cGMP. This research not only provides a mechanistic understanding of plant CNGCs’ function, but also adds to the comprehensive knowledge of the CNBD channels. Using cryo-EM structures and electrophysiological analysis of Arabidopsis CNGC1 and CNGC5, this study characterizes plant CNGCs as a class of CNBD channels that feature Ca2+ selectivity and are not regulated by cyclic nucleotide monophosphate binding.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 3","pages":"632-642"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-01918-w
Jana Ordon, Elke Logemann, Louis-Philippe Maier, Tak Lee, Eik Dahms, Anniek Oosterwijk, Jose Flores-Uribe, Shingo Miyauchi, Lucas Paoli, Sara Christina Stolze, Hirofumi Nakagami, Georg Felix, Ruben Garrido-Oter, Ka-Wai Ma, Paul Schulze-Lefert
Suppression of chronic Arabidopsis immune responses is a widespread but typically strain-specific trait across the major bacterial lineages of the plant microbiota. We show by phylogenetic analysis and in planta associations with representative strains that immunomodulation is a highly conserved, ancestral trait across Xanthomonadales, and preceded specialization of some of these bacteria as host-adapted pathogens. Rhodanobacter R179 activates immune responses, yet root transcriptomics suggest this commensal evades host immune perception upon prolonged association. R179 camouflage likely results from combined activities of two transporter complexes (dssAB) and the selective elimination of immunogenic peptides derived from all partners. The ability of R179 to mask itself and other commensals from the plant immune system is consistent with a convergence of distinct root transcriptomes triggered by immunosuppressive or non-suppressive synthetic microbiota upon R179 co-inoculation. Immunomodulation through dssAB provided R179 with a competitive advantage in synthetic communities in the root compartment. We propose that extensive immunomodulation by Xanthomonadales is related to their adaptation to terrestrial habitats and might have contributed to variation in strain-specific root association, which together accounts for their prominent role in plant microbiota establishment. The authors show that immunosuppression is highly conserved in the bacterial order Xanthomonadales. This feature, which preceded their specialization as host-adapted pathogens, probably contributes to their prominence as core members of the plant microbiota.
{"title":"Conserved immunomodulation and variation in host association by Xanthomonadales commensals in Arabidopsis root microbiota","authors":"Jana Ordon, Elke Logemann, Louis-Philippe Maier, Tak Lee, Eik Dahms, Anniek Oosterwijk, Jose Flores-Uribe, Shingo Miyauchi, Lucas Paoli, Sara Christina Stolze, Hirofumi Nakagami, Georg Felix, Ruben Garrido-Oter, Ka-Wai Ma, Paul Schulze-Lefert","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-01918-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-01918-w","url":null,"abstract":"Suppression of chronic Arabidopsis immune responses is a widespread but typically strain-specific trait across the major bacterial lineages of the plant microbiota. We show by phylogenetic analysis and in planta associations with representative strains that immunomodulation is a highly conserved, ancestral trait across Xanthomonadales, and preceded specialization of some of these bacteria as host-adapted pathogens. Rhodanobacter R179 activates immune responses, yet root transcriptomics suggest this commensal evades host immune perception upon prolonged association. R179 camouflage likely results from combined activities of two transporter complexes (dssAB) and the selective elimination of immunogenic peptides derived from all partners. The ability of R179 to mask itself and other commensals from the plant immune system is consistent with a convergence of distinct root transcriptomes triggered by immunosuppressive or non-suppressive synthetic microbiota upon R179 co-inoculation. Immunomodulation through dssAB provided R179 with a competitive advantage in synthetic communities in the root compartment. We propose that extensive immunomodulation by Xanthomonadales is related to their adaptation to terrestrial habitats and might have contributed to variation in strain-specific root association, which together accounts for their prominent role in plant microbiota establishment. The authors show that immunosuppression is highly conserved in the bacterial order Xanthomonadales. This feature, which preceded their specialization as host-adapted pathogens, probably contributes to their prominence as core members of the plant microbiota.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 3","pages":"612-631"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-025-01918-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-01930-0
Katja Graumann, Nadine Field
The membrane-intrinsic nuclear pore complex component PNET1 is specifically found in proliferating tissue, where it regulates breakdown and reassembly of the nuclear pores and is essential for promoting cell division and tissue maintenance. These dynamics are driven by phosphorylation events that alter PNET1 interactions.
{"title":"PNET1 is a key regulator of NPC dynamics and cell division","authors":"Katja Graumann, Nadine Field","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-01930-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-01930-0","url":null,"abstract":"The membrane-intrinsic nuclear pore complex component PNET1 is specifically found in proliferating tissue, where it regulates breakdown and reassembly of the nuclear pores and is essential for promoting cell division and tissue maintenance. These dynamics are driven by phosphorylation events that alter PNET1 interactions.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 2","pages":"157-158"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-01910-4
Jiajun Wang, Dan Jin, Zhaoguo Deng, Lidan Zheng, Pengru Guo, Yusi Ji, Zihao Song, Hai Yue Zeng, Toshinori Kinoshita, Zhihua Liao, Haodong Chen, Xing Wang Deng, Ning Wei
Auxin is a core phytohormone regulating plant elongation growth. While auxin typically promotes hypocotyl elongation, excessive amounts of auxin inhibit elongation. Moreover, auxin usually promotes light-grown, but inhibits dark-grown hypocotyl elongation. How dosage and light condition change the plant’s response to auxin, also known as auxin’s biphasic effect or dual effect, has long been mysterious. Auxin induces cell expansion primarily through apoplastic acidification and the subsequent ‘acid growth’ mechanism. Here we show that this pathway operates for both stimulatory and inhibitory auxin doses and under both dark and light conditions. Regardless of the dosage, more auxin induces more transcripts of SAURs (Small Auxin-Up RNAs), leading to a stronger activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPases (AHAs) and progressive acidification of the apoplast in hypocotyl epidermis. Apoplastic acidification promotes growth but only above a certain pH threshold, below which excessive acidification inhibits elongation. Auxin overdosage-triggered hypocotyl inhibition can be alleviated by suppressing the AHA activity or raising the apoplastic pH. Light-grown hypocotyls exhibit a higher apoplastic pH, which impedes cell elongation and counteracts auxin-induced over-acidification. Auxin and light antagonistically regulate the SAUR-PP2C.D-AHA pathway in the hypocotyl and influence plant elongation growth. Our findings suggest that the biphasic effect of auxin results from the biphasic response of hypocotyl cells to decreasing apoplastic pH. Auxin can promote or inhibit hypocotyl elongation. This biphasic effect has puzzled generations of plant biologists. Wang et al. shows that the decreasing apoplastic pH, stimulated by auxin, underlies the change in hypocotyl growth response.
{"title":"The apoplastic pH is a key determinant in the hypocotyl growth response to auxin dosage and light","authors":"Jiajun Wang, Dan Jin, Zhaoguo Deng, Lidan Zheng, Pengru Guo, Yusi Ji, Zihao Song, Hai Yue Zeng, Toshinori Kinoshita, Zhihua Liao, Haodong Chen, Xing Wang Deng, Ning Wei","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-01910-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-01910-4","url":null,"abstract":"Auxin is a core phytohormone regulating plant elongation growth. While auxin typically promotes hypocotyl elongation, excessive amounts of auxin inhibit elongation. Moreover, auxin usually promotes light-grown, but inhibits dark-grown hypocotyl elongation. How dosage and light condition change the plant’s response to auxin, also known as auxin’s biphasic effect or dual effect, has long been mysterious. Auxin induces cell expansion primarily through apoplastic acidification and the subsequent ‘acid growth’ mechanism. Here we show that this pathway operates for both stimulatory and inhibitory auxin doses and under both dark and light conditions. Regardless of the dosage, more auxin induces more transcripts of SAURs (Small Auxin-Up RNAs), leading to a stronger activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPases (AHAs) and progressive acidification of the apoplast in hypocotyl epidermis. Apoplastic acidification promotes growth but only above a certain pH threshold, below which excessive acidification inhibits elongation. Auxin overdosage-triggered hypocotyl inhibition can be alleviated by suppressing the AHA activity or raising the apoplastic pH. Light-grown hypocotyls exhibit a higher apoplastic pH, which impedes cell elongation and counteracts auxin-induced over-acidification. Auxin and light antagonistically regulate the SAUR-PP2C.D-AHA pathway in the hypocotyl and influence plant elongation growth. Our findings suggest that the biphasic effect of auxin results from the biphasic response of hypocotyl cells to decreasing apoplastic pH. Auxin can promote or inhibit hypocotyl elongation. This biphasic effect has puzzled generations of plant biologists. Wang et al. shows that the decreasing apoplastic pH, stimulated by auxin, underlies the change in hypocotyl growth response.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 2","pages":"279-294"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-025-01910-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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