Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01892-9
Shipeng Li, Xuanhao Zhang, Haodong Huang, Mou Yin, Matthew A. Jenks, Dylan K. Kosma, Pingfang Yang, Xianpeng Yang, Huayan Zhao, Shiyou Lü
Plant cuticular waxes serve as highly responsive adaptations to variable environments1–7. Aliphatic waxes consist of very-long-chain (VLC) compounds produced from 1-alcohol- or alkane-forming pathways5,8. The existing variation in 1-alcohols and alkanes across Arabidopsis accessions revealed that 1-alcohol amounts are negatively correlated with aridity factors, whereas alkanes display the opposite behaviour. How carbon resources are allocated between the 1-alcohol and alkane pathways responding to environmental stimuli is still largely unknown. Here, in Arabidopsis, we report a novel 1-alcohol biosynthesis pathway in which VLC acyl-CoAs are first reduced to aldehydes by CER3 and then converted into 1-alcohols via a newly identified putative aldehyde reductase SOH1. CER3, previously shown to interact with CER1 in alkane synthesis, is identified to interact with SOH1 as well, channelling wax precursors into either alcohol- or alkane-forming pathways, and the directional shunting of these precursors is tightly regulated by the SOH1–CER3–CER1 module in response to environmental conditions. The study uncovered a novel wax alcohol-forming pathway involving a two-step reduction process and further elucidated the carbon relocation mechanism between the alcohol- and alkane-forming pathway in response to environmental cues.
{"title":"Deciphering the core shunt mechanism in Arabidopsis cuticular wax biosynthesis and its role in plant environmental adaptation","authors":"Shipeng Li, Xuanhao Zhang, Haodong Huang, Mou Yin, Matthew A. Jenks, Dylan K. Kosma, Pingfang Yang, Xianpeng Yang, Huayan Zhao, Shiyou Lü","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01892-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01892-9","url":null,"abstract":"Plant cuticular waxes serve as highly responsive adaptations to variable environments1–7. Aliphatic waxes consist of very-long-chain (VLC) compounds produced from 1-alcohol- or alkane-forming pathways5,8. The existing variation in 1-alcohols and alkanes across Arabidopsis accessions revealed that 1-alcohol amounts are negatively correlated with aridity factors, whereas alkanes display the opposite behaviour. How carbon resources are allocated between the 1-alcohol and alkane pathways responding to environmental stimuli is still largely unknown. Here, in Arabidopsis, we report a novel 1-alcohol biosynthesis pathway in which VLC acyl-CoAs are first reduced to aldehydes by CER3 and then converted into 1-alcohols via a newly identified putative aldehyde reductase SOH1. CER3, previously shown to interact with CER1 in alkane synthesis, is identified to interact with SOH1 as well, channelling wax precursors into either alcohol- or alkane-forming pathways, and the directional shunting of these precursors is tightly regulated by the SOH1–CER3–CER1 module in response to environmental conditions. The study uncovered a novel wax alcohol-forming pathway involving a two-step reduction process and further elucidated the carbon relocation mechanism between the alcohol- and alkane-forming pathway in response to environmental cues.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 2","pages":"165-175"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01871-0
Tanner A. Robison, Zhen Guo Oh, Declan Lafferty, Xia Xu, Juan Carlos A. Villarreal, Laura H. Gunn, Fay-Wei Li
Pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanisms (pCCMs) turbocharge photosynthesis by saturating CO2 around Rubisco. Hornworts are the only land plants with a pCCM. Owing to their closer relationship to crops, hornworts could offer greater translational potential than the green alga Chlamydomonas, the traditional model for studying pCCMs. Here we report a thorough investigation of a hornwort pCCM using the emerging model Anthoceros agrestis. The pyrenoids in A. agrestis exhibit liquid-like properties similar to those in Chlamydomonas, but they differ by lacking starch sheaths and being enclosed by multiple thylakoids. We found that the core pCCM components in Chlamydomonas, including BST, LCIB and CAH3, are conserved in A. agrestis and probably have similar functions on the basis of their subcellular localizations. The underlying chassis for concentrating CO2 might therefore be shared between hornworts and Chlamydomonas, and ancestral to land plants. Our study presents a spatial model for a pCCM in a land plant, paving the way for future biochemical and genetic investigations. Hornworts are the only land plants with a pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanism. This study presents evidence that some of the key components in algal pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanisms are conserved in hornworts and probably serve similar functions.
{"title":"Hornworts reveal a spatial model for pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanisms in land plants","authors":"Tanner A. Robison, Zhen Guo Oh, Declan Lafferty, Xia Xu, Juan Carlos A. Villarreal, Laura H. Gunn, Fay-Wei Li","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01871-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01871-0","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanisms (pCCMs) turbocharge photosynthesis by saturating CO2 around Rubisco. Hornworts are the only land plants with a pCCM. Owing to their closer relationship to crops, hornworts could offer greater translational potential than the green alga Chlamydomonas, the traditional model for studying pCCMs. Here we report a thorough investigation of a hornwort pCCM using the emerging model Anthoceros agrestis. The pyrenoids in A. agrestis exhibit liquid-like properties similar to those in Chlamydomonas, but they differ by lacking starch sheaths and being enclosed by multiple thylakoids. We found that the core pCCM components in Chlamydomonas, including BST, LCIB and CAH3, are conserved in A. agrestis and probably have similar functions on the basis of their subcellular localizations. The underlying chassis for concentrating CO2 might therefore be shared between hornworts and Chlamydomonas, and ancestral to land plants. Our study presents a spatial model for a pCCM in a land plant, paving the way for future biochemical and genetic investigations. Hornworts are the only land plants with a pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanism. This study presents evidence that some of the key components in algal pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanisms are conserved in hornworts and probably serve similar functions.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 1","pages":"63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01897-4
Quang Ha Dang, Mi Chung Suh
Cuticular wax is the outermost hydrophobic barrier between plants and their environment. The ratio of wax components changes through the core shunt mechanism of the alkane-forming and alcohol-forming pathways in response to environmental conditions. In particular, higher levels of alkanes help to reduce water loss during drought, whereas increased levels of 1-alcohols promote water evaporation under high temperatures.
{"title":"How plants adapt surface lipids to environmental changes","authors":"Quang Ha Dang, Mi Chung Suh","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01897-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01897-4","url":null,"abstract":"Cuticular wax is the outermost hydrophobic barrier between plants and their environment. The ratio of wax components changes through the core shunt mechanism of the alkane-forming and alcohol-forming pathways in response to environmental conditions. In particular, higher levels of alkanes help to reduce water loss during drought, whereas increased levels of 1-alcohols promote water evaporation under high temperatures.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 2","pages":"159-160"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01883-w
Peter Schafran, Duncan A. Hauser, Jessica M. Nelson, Xia Xu, Lukas A. Mueller, Samarth Kulshrestha, Isabel Smalley, Sophie de Vries, Iker Irisarri, Jan de Vries, Kevin Davies, Juan Carlos A. Villarreal, Fay-Wei Li
Hornworts, one of the three bryophyte phyla, show some of the deepest divergences in extant land plants, with some families separated by more than 300 million years. Previous hornwort genomes represented only one genus, limiting the ability to infer evolution within hornworts and their early land plant ancestors. Here we report ten new chromosome-scale genomes representing all hornwort families and most of the genera. We found that, despite the deep divergence, synteny was surprisingly conserved across all hornwort genomes, a pattern that might be related to the absence of whole-genome duplication. We further uncovered multiple accessory and putative sex chromosomes that are highly repetitive and CpG methylated. In contrast to autosomes, these chromosomes mostly lack syntenic relationships with one another and are evolutionarily labile. Notable gene retention and losses were identified, including those responsible for flavonoid biosynthesis, stomata patterning and phytohormone reception, which have implications in reconstructing the evolution of early land plants. Together, our pan-phylum genomes revealed an array of conserved and divergent genomic features in hornworts, highlighting the uniqueness of this deeply diverged lineage. This study presents 11 new hornwort (Anthocerotophyta) genomes that clarify the structure and evolution of sex and accessory chromosomes in bryophytes and shed new light on the early evolution of land plants.
{"title":"Pan-phylum genomes of hornworts reveal conserved autosomes but dynamic accessory and sex chromosomes","authors":"Peter Schafran, Duncan A. Hauser, Jessica M. Nelson, Xia Xu, Lukas A. Mueller, Samarth Kulshrestha, Isabel Smalley, Sophie de Vries, Iker Irisarri, Jan de Vries, Kevin Davies, Juan Carlos A. Villarreal, Fay-Wei Li","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01883-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01883-w","url":null,"abstract":"Hornworts, one of the three bryophyte phyla, show some of the deepest divergences in extant land plants, with some families separated by more than 300 million years. Previous hornwort genomes represented only one genus, limiting the ability to infer evolution within hornworts and their early land plant ancestors. Here we report ten new chromosome-scale genomes representing all hornwort families and most of the genera. We found that, despite the deep divergence, synteny was surprisingly conserved across all hornwort genomes, a pattern that might be related to the absence of whole-genome duplication. We further uncovered multiple accessory and putative sex chromosomes that are highly repetitive and CpG methylated. In contrast to autosomes, these chromosomes mostly lack syntenic relationships with one another and are evolutionarily labile. Notable gene retention and losses were identified, including those responsible for flavonoid biosynthesis, stomata patterning and phytohormone reception, which have implications in reconstructing the evolution of early land plants. Together, our pan-phylum genomes revealed an array of conserved and divergent genomic features in hornworts, highlighting the uniqueness of this deeply diverged lineage. This study presents 11 new hornwort (Anthocerotophyta) genomes that clarify the structure and evolution of sex and accessory chromosomes in bryophytes and shed new light on the early evolution of land plants.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 1","pages":"49-62"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01882-x
Jiaxi Yong, Wang Xu, Miaomiao Wu, Run Zhang, Christopher W. G. Mann, Guoquan Liu, Christopher A. Brosnan, Neena Mitter, Bernard J. Carroll, Zhi Ping Xu
Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of nucleic acids and proteins into intact plants has the potential to modify metabolic pathways and confer desirable traits in crops. Here we show that layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets coated with lysozyme are actively taken up into the root tip, root hairs and lateral root junctions by endocytosis, and translocate via an active membrane trafficking pathway in plants. Lysozyme coating enhanced nanosheet uptake by (1) loosening the plant cell wall and (2) stimulating the expression of endocytosis and other membrane trafficking genes. The lysozyme-coated nanosheets efficiently delivered synthetic mRNA, double-stranded RNA, small interfering RNA and plasmid DNA up to 15 kb in size into tobacco roots, and also functional nucleic acids into leaves, callus, flowers and developing pollen of dicot and monocot species. Thus, lysozyme-coated LDH nanoparticles are a versatile tool for efficiently delivering functional nucleic acids into plants. This work describes protein-coated clay nanoparticles that are actively taken up by roots to deliver synthetic RNA and DNA-encoded genes into plants. The nanoparticles can also deliver functional nucleic acids directly into other plant tissues.
{"title":"Lysozyme-coated nanoparticles for active uptake and delivery of synthetic RNA and plasmid-encoded genes in plants","authors":"Jiaxi Yong, Wang Xu, Miaomiao Wu, Run Zhang, Christopher W. G. Mann, Guoquan Liu, Christopher A. Brosnan, Neena Mitter, Bernard J. Carroll, Zhi Ping Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01882-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01882-x","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of nucleic acids and proteins into intact plants has the potential to modify metabolic pathways and confer desirable traits in crops. Here we show that layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets coated with lysozyme are actively taken up into the root tip, root hairs and lateral root junctions by endocytosis, and translocate via an active membrane trafficking pathway in plants. Lysozyme coating enhanced nanosheet uptake by (1) loosening the plant cell wall and (2) stimulating the expression of endocytosis and other membrane trafficking genes. The lysozyme-coated nanosheets efficiently delivered synthetic mRNA, double-stranded RNA, small interfering RNA and plasmid DNA up to 15 kb in size into tobacco roots, and also functional nucleic acids into leaves, callus, flowers and developing pollen of dicot and monocot species. Thus, lysozyme-coated LDH nanoparticles are a versatile tool for efficiently delivering functional nucleic acids into plants. This work describes protein-coated clay nanoparticles that are actively taken up by roots to deliver synthetic RNA and DNA-encoded genes into plants. The nanoparticles can also deliver functional nucleic acids directly into other plant tissues.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 1","pages":"131-144"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01874-x
Karl-Heinz Kogel
Coating RNA- or DNA-loaded layered double hydroxide nanosheets with lysozyme enhances their uptake by loosening the plant cell wall and stimulating endocytosis and membrane trafficking — with promising implications for both fundamental research and agricultural applications.
{"title":"Lysozyme-coated LDHs boost trait control","authors":"Karl-Heinz Kogel","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01874-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01874-x","url":null,"abstract":"Coating RNA- or DNA-loaded layered double hydroxide nanosheets with lysozyme enhances their uptake by loosening the plant cell wall and stimulating endocytosis and membrane trafficking — with promising implications for both fundamental research and agricultural applications.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 1","pages":"9-10"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01876-9
Kathrin Rousk, Juan Carlos Villarreal A
{"title":"Time to end the vascular plant chauvinism","authors":"Kathrin Rousk, Juan Carlos Villarreal A","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01876-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01876-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 1","pages":"3-3"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01880-z
Sruthi Balaji, Allison Fish, Brad Sherman
{"title":"Disclosure of country of origin in patent applications might not help to protect genetic resources and traditional knowledge","authors":"Sruthi Balaji, Allison Fish, Brad Sherman","doi":"10.1038/s41477-024-01880-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-024-01880-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"11 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":15.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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