Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02187-3
Beibei Song, Sera Choi, Liang Kong, Sung-Il Kim, Judith Fliegmann, Xiuming Li, Yong Gao, Thomas A. DeFalco, Meijuan Hu, Meng Li, Yan Zhao, Hongze Wang, Shengwei Ma, Libo Shan, Thorsten Nürnberger, Ping He, Cyril Zipfel, Jian-Min Zhou
{"title":"New alleles of Arabidopsis BIK1 reinforce its predominant role in pattern-triggered immunity and caution interpretations of other reported functions","authors":"Beibei Song, Sera Choi, Liang Kong, Sung-Il Kim, Judith Fliegmann, Xiuming Li, Yong Gao, Thomas A. DeFalco, Meijuan Hu, Meng Li, Yan Zhao, Hongze Wang, Shengwei Ma, Libo Shan, Thorsten Nürnberger, Ping He, Cyril Zipfel, Jian-Min Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02187-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-025-02187-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Producing more food with reduced environmental impact remains a critical challenge. Previous agricultural management strategies have predominantly emphasized crop varieties, fertilization and irrigation, often requiring substantial resource inputs and technical expertise. However, the role of crop canopy architecture, which remarkably influences plant growth and ecosystem processes, has been largely overlooked. Here we integrate satellite-based and field observations to assess the global impacts of canopy architecture on crop yield and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions for rice, wheat, maize and soybean during the past two decades. Our findings reveal that crops with clumped canopy architectures achieve higher yields and lower N2O emissions, a pattern consistently observed across all four major crops, even though soil properties also critically regulate N2O emissions. This effect is possibly driven by enhanced light interception and gross primary production, along with increased canopy nitrogen demand. Aligning crop canopy architecture with the global average can potentially increase crop production by 336 million tons annually, generating economic benefits of US$108 billion per year while simultaneously reducing N2O emissions by 41.6% globally. These results highlight the critical role of canopy architecture in global food security and present a novel strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability on a global scale. This study reveals that crops with clumped canopy architectures achieve higher yields and lower N2O emissions, presenting a promising strategy to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability globally.
{"title":"Clumped canopy architecture raises global crop yield and reduces N2O emissions","authors":"Yuli Yan, Chaoya Dang, Lei Liu, Zihao Wang, Liyuan Chen, Zhenong Jin, Yakov Kuzyakov, Jing M. Chen, Feng Zhou, Yanlian Zhou, Hanqin Tian, Xuejun Liu, Qing Zhu, Ziyin Shang, Yu Jiang, Baojing Gu, Yanfeng Ding, Josep Peñuelas, Songhan Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02172-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-02172-w","url":null,"abstract":"Producing more food with reduced environmental impact remains a critical challenge. Previous agricultural management strategies have predominantly emphasized crop varieties, fertilization and irrigation, often requiring substantial resource inputs and technical expertise. However, the role of crop canopy architecture, which remarkably influences plant growth and ecosystem processes, has been largely overlooked. Here we integrate satellite-based and field observations to assess the global impacts of canopy architecture on crop yield and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions for rice, wheat, maize and soybean during the past two decades. Our findings reveal that crops with clumped canopy architectures achieve higher yields and lower N2O emissions, a pattern consistently observed across all four major crops, even though soil properties also critically regulate N2O emissions. This effect is possibly driven by enhanced light interception and gross primary production, along with increased canopy nitrogen demand. Aligning crop canopy architecture with the global average can potentially increase crop production by 336 million tons annually, generating economic benefits of US$108 billion per year while simultaneously reducing N2O emissions by 41.6% globally. These results highlight the critical role of canopy architecture in global food security and present a novel strategy for enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability on a global scale. This study reveals that crops with clumped canopy architectures achieve higher yields and lower N2O emissions, presenting a promising strategy to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability globally.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"12 1","pages":"49-61"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02174-8
Detailed study of the role of plant canopy architecture on crop yield and N2O emissions remains limited. Our study reveals that a clumped canopy architecture in crops such as rice, wheat, maize and soybean can simultaneously improve yields and reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, thus representing a promising strategy to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability globally.
{"title":"A clumped canopy architecture can increase crop yields while reducing N2O emissions","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02174-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-02174-8","url":null,"abstract":"Detailed study of the role of plant canopy architecture on crop yield and N2O emissions remains limited. Our study reveals that a clumped canopy architecture in crops such as rice, wheat, maize and soybean can simultaneously improve yields and reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, thus representing a promising strategy to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability globally.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"12 1","pages":"14-15"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02204-5
This study uses single-cell spatial transcriptomics to explore the early interactions between potato leaf cells and the pathogen Phytophthora infestans, revealing cellular heterogeneity in gene expression at the infection site and providing a valuable resource for future enhancement of potato disease resistance.
{"title":"Spatial transcriptomics decodes the cellular landscape of plant–pathogen interaction","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02204-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-02204-5","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses single-cell spatial transcriptomics to explore the early interactions between potato leaf cells and the pathogen Phytophthora infestans, revealing cellular heterogeneity in gene expression at the infection site and providing a valuable resource for future enhancement of potato disease resistance.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"12 1","pages":"10-11"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02188-2
Ruiling Lu, Laura J. Williams, Raphael Trouvé, Brett P. Murphy, Patrick J. Baker, Hannah Carle, David I. Forrester, Peter T. Green, Michael J. Liddell, Crispen Marunda, David Mannes, Richard Mazanec, Michael R. Ngugi, Victor J. Neldner, Lynda Prior, Katinka X. Ruthrof, Shaun Suitor, Jianyang Xia, Belinda E. Medlyn
Widespread climate-driven increases in background tree mortality rates have the potential to reduce the carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems, challenging their effectiveness as natural buffers against atmospheric CO2 enrichment with major consequences for the global carbon budget. However, the global extent of trends in tree mortality and their drivers remains poorly quantified. The Australian continent experiences one of the most variable climates on Earth and is host to a diverse range of forest biomes that have evolved high resistance to disturbance, providing a valuable test case for the pervasiveness of tree mortality trends. Here we compile an 83-year tree dynamics database (1941–2023) from >2,700 forest plots across Australia covering tropical savanna and rainforest and warm and cool temperate forests, to explore spatiotemporal patterns of tree mortality and the associated drivers. Over the past eight decades, we found a consistent trend of increasing tree mortality across the four forest biomes. This temporal trend persisted after accounting for stand structure and was exacerbated in forests with low moisture index or a high competition index. Species with traits associated with high growth rate—low wood density, high specific leaf area and short maximum height—exhibited higher average mortality, but the rate of mortality increase was comparable across different functional groups. Increasing mortality was not associated with increasing growth, given that stand basal area increments either declined or remained unchanged over time, but it was associated with increasing temperature over time. Our findings suggest that ongoing climate change has driven pervasive shifts in forest dynamics beyond natural recovery in a range of forest biomes with high resilience to disturbance, threatening the enduring capacity of forests to sequester carbon under current and future climate scenarios. Eight decades of forest plot monitoring show a pervasive increase in tree mortality across Australia’s forest biomes driven by climate change, jeopardizing their role as enduring carbon sinks.
{"title":"Pervasive increase in tree mortality across the Australian continent","authors":"Ruiling Lu, Laura J. Williams, Raphael Trouvé, Brett P. Murphy, Patrick J. Baker, Hannah Carle, David I. Forrester, Peter T. Green, Michael J. Liddell, Crispen Marunda, David Mannes, Richard Mazanec, Michael R. Ngugi, Victor J. Neldner, Lynda Prior, Katinka X. Ruthrof, Shaun Suitor, Jianyang Xia, Belinda E. Medlyn","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02188-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-02188-2","url":null,"abstract":"Widespread climate-driven increases in background tree mortality rates have the potential to reduce the carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems, challenging their effectiveness as natural buffers against atmospheric CO2 enrichment with major consequences for the global carbon budget. However, the global extent of trends in tree mortality and their drivers remains poorly quantified. The Australian continent experiences one of the most variable climates on Earth and is host to a diverse range of forest biomes that have evolved high resistance to disturbance, providing a valuable test case for the pervasiveness of tree mortality trends. Here we compile an 83-year tree dynamics database (1941–2023) from >2,700 forest plots across Australia covering tropical savanna and rainforest and warm and cool temperate forests, to explore spatiotemporal patterns of tree mortality and the associated drivers. Over the past eight decades, we found a consistent trend of increasing tree mortality across the four forest biomes. This temporal trend persisted after accounting for stand structure and was exacerbated in forests with low moisture index or a high competition index. Species with traits associated with high growth rate—low wood density, high specific leaf area and short maximum height—exhibited higher average mortality, but the rate of mortality increase was comparable across different functional groups. Increasing mortality was not associated with increasing growth, given that stand basal area increments either declined or remained unchanged over time, but it was associated with increasing temperature over time. Our findings suggest that ongoing climate change has driven pervasive shifts in forest dynamics beyond natural recovery in a range of forest biomes with high resilience to disturbance, threatening the enduring capacity of forests to sequester carbon under current and future climate scenarios. Eight decades of forest plot monitoring show a pervasive increase in tree mortality across Australia’s forest biomes driven by climate change, jeopardizing their role as enduring carbon sinks.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"12 1","pages":"62-73"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans), is one of the most destructive diseases in potato production. Yet, the interaction landscape between potato and the late blight pathogen at single-cell and spatial resolution remains elusive. Here we utilize Stereo-seq to present the spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas in potato leaves inoculated with P. infestans at single-cell resolution. We retrieve the major cell types of potato leaves, highlighting the coordination and specialization of immune responses among distinct cell types. We also conduct a comprehensive analysis to elucidate the multifaceted infection strategies employed by P. infestans to facilitate successful host colonization. Furthermore, we distinguish pathogen-targeted cells (PTCs) and surrounding PTC cells (SPCs) on the basis of pathogen distribution, thereby revealing the cellular and spatial heterogeneity of plant immune responses. Specifically, transcriptional profiling indicates that PTCs are mainly involved in cell wall reinforcement and regulation of redox homeostasis, whereas SPCs probably play a role in coordinating systemic immune signalling. Collectively, our findings elucidate a regulatory paradigm wherein PTCs and SPCs integrate with the cell-type-specific responses and dynamic expression patterns of P. infestans, orchestrating a complex and finely tuned host microenvironment during the interaction between potato and P. infestans. These findings provide a resource for advancing our understanding of the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of plant–pathogen interactions, offering novel insights to enhance crop disease resistance. This study employs single-cell spatial transcriptomics to dissect the interaction between potato and Phytophthora infestans, revealing cellular heterogeneity at the infection site and providing a resource to enhance potato disease resistance.
{"title":"Host microenvironment in potato–Phytophthora infestans interaction revealed by single-cell spatiotemporal transcriptome","authors":"Yuying Li, Jichen Dai, Zhaonian Dong, Xuming Luo, Wenwen Shao, Yingsi Cui, Xinxin Xu, Tao Yang, Xizheng Ma, Liang Kong, Sanwen Huang, Suomeng Dong","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02181-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-02181-9","url":null,"abstract":"Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans), is one of the most destructive diseases in potato production. Yet, the interaction landscape between potato and the late blight pathogen at single-cell and spatial resolution remains elusive. Here we utilize Stereo-seq to present the spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas in potato leaves inoculated with P. infestans at single-cell resolution. We retrieve the major cell types of potato leaves, highlighting the coordination and specialization of immune responses among distinct cell types. We also conduct a comprehensive analysis to elucidate the multifaceted infection strategies employed by P. infestans to facilitate successful host colonization. Furthermore, we distinguish pathogen-targeted cells (PTCs) and surrounding PTC cells (SPCs) on the basis of pathogen distribution, thereby revealing the cellular and spatial heterogeneity of plant immune responses. Specifically, transcriptional profiling indicates that PTCs are mainly involved in cell wall reinforcement and regulation of redox homeostasis, whereas SPCs probably play a role in coordinating systemic immune signalling. Collectively, our findings elucidate a regulatory paradigm wherein PTCs and SPCs integrate with the cell-type-specific responses and dynamic expression patterns of P. infestans, orchestrating a complex and finely tuned host microenvironment during the interaction between potato and P. infestans. These findings provide a resource for advancing our understanding of the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of plant–pathogen interactions, offering novel insights to enhance crop disease resistance. This study employs single-cell spatial transcriptomics to dissect the interaction between potato and Phytophthora infestans, revealing cellular heterogeneity at the infection site and providing a resource to enhance potato disease resistance.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"12 1","pages":"241-257"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02189-1
Ruiyang Zhang, Chenfang Su, Yiheng Wang, Shaopeng Wang, Dashuan Tian, Jinsong Wang, Lin Jiang, Xinli Chen, Juntao Zhu, Junxiao Pan, Guang Zhao, Quan Quan, Pu Yan, Yunlong He, Yang Li, Lei Song, Jinlong Peng, Yingjie Yan, Yicheng He, Xuehong Wei, Shuli Niu
Extensive experimental and theoretical evidence demonstrates the positive effects of plant diversity on the temporal stability of productivity, yet how the diversity-stability relationship varies across timescales and different diversity dimensions in natural ecosystems remains unclear. By integrating a comprehensive regional vegetation survey conducted in Tibetan alpine grasslands with the global plant diversity and productivity databases, we revealed a consistent temporal pattern at regional and global scales: the stabilizing effect of plant diversity on productivity strengthened over time, approaching saturation at 10 to 13 years. Notably, plant phylogenetic diversity emerged as the dominant biotic driver of long-term stability. In contrast, plant community height exerted a stronger positive influence on short-term stability. These findings highlight the critical role of timescales in shaping diversity-stability relationships and underscore the necessity of decadal-scale studies. Our results further support integrating phylogenetic diversity into conservation and management strategies to sustain ecosystem functioning under global change. Decadal-scale observations reveal that plant diversity stabilizes ecosystem productivity over time. Phylogenetic diversity is the key driver of long-term stability, whereas plant height shapes short-term productivity dynamics.
{"title":"Decadal-scale observations are key to detecting the stabilizing effects of plant diversity in natural ecosystems","authors":"Ruiyang Zhang, Chenfang Su, Yiheng Wang, Shaopeng Wang, Dashuan Tian, Jinsong Wang, Lin Jiang, Xinli Chen, Juntao Zhu, Junxiao Pan, Guang Zhao, Quan Quan, Pu Yan, Yunlong He, Yang Li, Lei Song, Jinlong Peng, Yingjie Yan, Yicheng He, Xuehong Wei, Shuli Niu","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02189-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-02189-1","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive experimental and theoretical evidence demonstrates the positive effects of plant diversity on the temporal stability of productivity, yet how the diversity-stability relationship varies across timescales and different diversity dimensions in natural ecosystems remains unclear. By integrating a comprehensive regional vegetation survey conducted in Tibetan alpine grasslands with the global plant diversity and productivity databases, we revealed a consistent temporal pattern at regional and global scales: the stabilizing effect of plant diversity on productivity strengthened over time, approaching saturation at 10 to 13 years. Notably, plant phylogenetic diversity emerged as the dominant biotic driver of long-term stability. In contrast, plant community height exerted a stronger positive influence on short-term stability. These findings highlight the critical role of timescales in shaping diversity-stability relationships and underscore the necessity of decadal-scale studies. Our results further support integrating phylogenetic diversity into conservation and management strategies to sustain ecosystem functioning under global change. Decadal-scale observations reveal that plant diversity stabilizes ecosystem productivity over time. Phylogenetic diversity is the key driver of long-term stability, whereas plant height shapes short-term productivity dynamics.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"12 1","pages":"37-48"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02178-4
Trupti Gaikwad, Susan Breen, Emily Breeze, Erin Stroud, Rana Hussain, Satish Kulasekaran, Nestoras Kargios, Fay Bennett, Marta de Torres-Zabala, David Horsell, Lorenzo Frigerio, Pradeep Kachroo, Murray Grant
Successful recognition of pathogen effectors by plant disease resistance proteins, or effector-triggered immunity (ETI), contains the invading pathogen through localized hypersensitive cell death. ETI also activates long-range signalling to establish broad-spectrum systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Here we describe a sensitive luciferase (LUC) reporter that captures the spatial–temporal dynamics of SAR signal generation, propagation and establishment in systemic responding leaves following ETI. JASMONATE-INDUCED SYSTEMIC SIGNAL 1 (JISS1) encodes an endoplasmic-reticulum-localized protein of unknown function. JISS1::LUC captured very early ETI-elicited SAR signalling, which surprisingly was not affected by classical SAR mutants but was dependent on calcium and was also wound responsive. Both jasmonate biosynthesis and perception mutants abolished JISS1::LUC signalling and SAR to Pseudomonas syringae. Furthermore, we discovered that ETI initiated jasmonate-dependent systemic surface electrical potentials. These surface potentials were dependent on both glutamate receptors and JISS1, despite neither JISS1 loss-of-function nor glutamate receptor mutants altering SAR to Pseudomonas syringae. We thus demonstrate that jasmonate signalling, usually associated with antagonism of defence against biotrophs, is crucial to the rapid initiation and establishment of SAR systemic defence responses (including the activation of systemic surface potentials) and that JISS1::LUC serves as a reporter to further dissect these pathways. A novel reporter captured spatial temporal dynamics of effector-triggered-immunity (ETI)-induced systemic immunity, revealing that signal propagation and establishment in systemic acquired resistance depend on jasmonates. Furthermore, ETI initiates jasmonate-dependent systemic induced surface electrical potentials.
{"title":"Rapid local and systemic jasmonate signalling drives the initiation and establishment of plant systemic immunity","authors":"Trupti Gaikwad, Susan Breen, Emily Breeze, Erin Stroud, Rana Hussain, Satish Kulasekaran, Nestoras Kargios, Fay Bennett, Marta de Torres-Zabala, David Horsell, Lorenzo Frigerio, Pradeep Kachroo, Murray Grant","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02178-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-02178-4","url":null,"abstract":"Successful recognition of pathogen effectors by plant disease resistance proteins, or effector-triggered immunity (ETI), contains the invading pathogen through localized hypersensitive cell death. ETI also activates long-range signalling to establish broad-spectrum systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Here we describe a sensitive luciferase (LUC) reporter that captures the spatial–temporal dynamics of SAR signal generation, propagation and establishment in systemic responding leaves following ETI. JASMONATE-INDUCED SYSTEMIC SIGNAL 1 (JISS1) encodes an endoplasmic-reticulum-localized protein of unknown function. JISS1::LUC captured very early ETI-elicited SAR signalling, which surprisingly was not affected by classical SAR mutants but was dependent on calcium and was also wound responsive. Both jasmonate biosynthesis and perception mutants abolished JISS1::LUC signalling and SAR to Pseudomonas syringae. Furthermore, we discovered that ETI initiated jasmonate-dependent systemic surface electrical potentials. These surface potentials were dependent on both glutamate receptors and JISS1, despite neither JISS1 loss-of-function nor glutamate receptor mutants altering SAR to Pseudomonas syringae. We thus demonstrate that jasmonate signalling, usually associated with antagonism of defence against biotrophs, is crucial to the rapid initiation and establishment of SAR systemic defence responses (including the activation of systemic surface potentials) and that JISS1::LUC serves as a reporter to further dissect these pathways. A novel reporter captured spatial temporal dynamics of effector-triggered-immunity (ETI)-induced systemic immunity, revealing that signal propagation and establishment in systemic acquired resistance depend on jasmonates. Furthermore, ETI initiates jasmonate-dependent systemic induced surface electrical potentials.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"12 1","pages":"152-163"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-025-02178-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02185-5
Meng Peng, Jin Li, Xinyu Liu, Anran Liu, Barbara De Meester, Marlies Brouckaert, Geert Goeminne, Kris Morreel, Yanding Li, Vitaliy I. Timokhin, Ruben Vanholme, John Ralph, Wout Boerjan
Chorismate is a branch-point metabolite in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, vitamins, antibiotics and various other aromatic products in bacteria, fungi and plants. Although 13 chorismate-utilizing enzymes have been identified in bacteria, only 6 have been described in plants, where an estimated 30% of all photosynthetically fixed carbon passes through chorismate. Here we describe a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) consisting of five core genes, including two reductases, two methyltransferases and one glucosyltransferase. Genetic and biochemical evidence shows that these five enzymes collectively give rise to three biosynthetic pathways, each originating from chorismate: two parallel pathways produce a class of non-aromatic, isomeric compounds abundant in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, whereas the third pathway produces methylated and glucosylated chorismate derivatives that subsequently react non-enzymatically with glutathione. Genome analysis revealed that variants of this BGC are present in some but not all species in the Brassicaceae family. Taken together, our study uncovered a BGC, containing three chorismate-utilizing enzymes, that controls three distinct post-chorismate pathways in A. thaliana. This work not only advances our understanding of carbon flow in this model plant but also highlights that the biochemical complexity encoded by plant BGCs is greater than previously appreciated. Peng et al. identify a class of non-aromatic, chorismate-derived compounds, abundant in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. These compounds are made by a biosynthetic gene cluster comprising five adjacent genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes.
{"title":"A biosynthetic gene cluster for three post-chorismate pathways in Arabidopsis","authors":"Meng Peng, Jin Li, Xinyu Liu, Anran Liu, Barbara De Meester, Marlies Brouckaert, Geert Goeminne, Kris Morreel, Yanding Li, Vitaliy I. Timokhin, Ruben Vanholme, John Ralph, Wout Boerjan","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02185-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-02185-5","url":null,"abstract":"Chorismate is a branch-point metabolite in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, vitamins, antibiotics and various other aromatic products in bacteria, fungi and plants. Although 13 chorismate-utilizing enzymes have been identified in bacteria, only 6 have been described in plants, where an estimated 30% of all photosynthetically fixed carbon passes through chorismate. Here we describe a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) consisting of five core genes, including two reductases, two methyltransferases and one glucosyltransferase. Genetic and biochemical evidence shows that these five enzymes collectively give rise to three biosynthetic pathways, each originating from chorismate: two parallel pathways produce a class of non-aromatic, isomeric compounds abundant in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, whereas the third pathway produces methylated and glucosylated chorismate derivatives that subsequently react non-enzymatically with glutathione. Genome analysis revealed that variants of this BGC are present in some but not all species in the Brassicaceae family. Taken together, our study uncovered a BGC, containing three chorismate-utilizing enzymes, that controls three distinct post-chorismate pathways in A. thaliana. This work not only advances our understanding of carbon flow in this model plant but also highlights that the biochemical complexity encoded by plant BGCs is greater than previously appreciated. Peng et al. identify a class of non-aromatic, chorismate-derived compounds, abundant in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. These compounds are made by a biosynthetic gene cluster comprising five adjacent genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"12 1","pages":"205-216"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1038/s41477-025-02179-3
Zhijie Ren, Zebin Liu, Yasheng Xi, Yuxin Dong, Lei Gao, Qifei Gao, Congcong Hou, Sheng Luan, Legong Li, Wang Tian
Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and defence, yet the molecular mechanisms regulating its uptake from soil remain largely undefined. Through bioinformatics and electrophysiological screening, we identified a group of plant-specific proteins, named the IONIC CURRENT FAMILY A (ICAs), which confer Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channel (CNCC) activities in heterologous systems. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtICA1, AtICA2, AtICA3 and AtICA4 are predominantly expressed in root cells, and their proteins localize to the plasma membrane. Under either limited or excessive external Ca2+ conditions, ica1/2/3/4 quadruple mutants display hypersensitivity or reduced sensitivity, respectively, as evidenced by altered root length. In addition, these mutants show increased sensitivity to various abiotic and biotic stresses under normal Ca2+ conditions. The ica mutants lack the previously characterized CNCC-mediated currents in roots that facilitate cellular Ca2+ uptake, resulting in lower Ca2+ levels compared with wild-type (WT) plants. Our findings suggest that AtICA1/2/3/4 may function as components of CNCCs, mediating Ca2+ uptake crucial for broad environmental stress tolerance under normal Ca2+ conditions. This study provides molecular insight into the mechanisms governing Ca2+ uptake in plant roots and expands our understanding of how plants maintain Ca2+ homeostasis under varying environmental conditions. This study identifies ICA proteins in Arabidopsis roots as key mediators of Ca2+ uptake through non-selective cation channels. High-order ica mutants show reduced Ca2+ levels and heightened stress sensitivity, revealing ICAs’ role in Ca2+ homeostasis.
{"title":"Arabidopsis IONIC CURRENT FAMILY A proteins facilitate environmental calcium acquisition essential for stress tolerance","authors":"Zhijie Ren, Zebin Liu, Yasheng Xi, Yuxin Dong, Lei Gao, Qifei Gao, Congcong Hou, Sheng Luan, Legong Li, Wang Tian","doi":"10.1038/s41477-025-02179-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41477-025-02179-3","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and defence, yet the molecular mechanisms regulating its uptake from soil remain largely undefined. Through bioinformatics and electrophysiological screening, we identified a group of plant-specific proteins, named the IONIC CURRENT FAMILY A (ICAs), which confer Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channel (CNCC) activities in heterologous systems. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtICA1, AtICA2, AtICA3 and AtICA4 are predominantly expressed in root cells, and their proteins localize to the plasma membrane. Under either limited or excessive external Ca2+ conditions, ica1/2/3/4 quadruple mutants display hypersensitivity or reduced sensitivity, respectively, as evidenced by altered root length. In addition, these mutants show increased sensitivity to various abiotic and biotic stresses under normal Ca2+ conditions. The ica mutants lack the previously characterized CNCC-mediated currents in roots that facilitate cellular Ca2+ uptake, resulting in lower Ca2+ levels compared with wild-type (WT) plants. Our findings suggest that AtICA1/2/3/4 may function as components of CNCCs, mediating Ca2+ uptake crucial for broad environmental stress tolerance under normal Ca2+ conditions. This study provides molecular insight into the mechanisms governing Ca2+ uptake in plant roots and expands our understanding of how plants maintain Ca2+ homeostasis under varying environmental conditions. This study identifies ICA proteins in Arabidopsis roots as key mediators of Ca2+ uptake through non-selective cation channels. High-order ica mutants show reduced Ca2+ levels and heightened stress sensitivity, revealing ICAs’ role in Ca2+ homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":18904,"journal":{"name":"Nature Plants","volume":"12 1","pages":"125-139"},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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