Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01740-z
David B. Amabilino
Etching supramolecular fibres causes nanoscale motion of an attached bead from the etched end towards the middle of the fibre.
对超分子纤维进行蚀刻会导致附着的珠子从蚀刻端向纤维中部进行纳米级运动。
{"title":"Moving microscopic objects with self-disassembly","authors":"David B. Amabilino","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01740-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01740-z","url":null,"abstract":"Etching supramolecular fibres causes nanoscale motion of an attached bead from the etched end towards the middle of the fibre.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1436-1437"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01727-w
Annelies C. Wauters, Jari F. Scheerstra, Mandy M. T. van Leent, Abraham J. P. Teunissen, Bram Priem, Thijs J. Beldman, Nils Rother, Raphaël Duivenvoorden, Geoffrey Prévot, Jazz Munitz, Yohana C. Toner, Jeroen Deckers, Yuri van Elsas, Patricia Mora-Raimundo, Gal Chen, Sheqouia A. Nauta, Anna Vera D. Verschuur, Arjan W. Griffioen, David P. Schrijver, Tom Anbergen, Yudong Li, Hanglong Wu, Alexander F. Mason, Marleen H. M. E. van Stevendaal, Ewelina Kluza, Richard A. J. Post, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea, Claudia Calcagno, Zahi A. Fayad, Roy van der Meel, Avi Schroeder, Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen, Willem J. M. Mulder, Jan C. M. van Hest
Regulating innate immunity is an emerging approach to improve cancer immunotherapy. Such regulation requires engaging myeloid cells by delivering immunomodulatory compounds to hematopoietic organs, including the spleen. Here we present a polymersome-based nanocarrier with splenic avidity and propensity for red pulp myeloid cell uptake. We characterized the in vivo behaviour of four chemically identical yet topologically different polymersomes by in vivo positron emission tomography imaging and innovative flow and mass cytometry techniques. Upon intravenous administration, relatively large and spherical polymersomes accumulated rapidly in the spleen and efficiently targeted myeloid cells in the splenic red pulp. When loaded with β-glucan, intravenously administered polymersomes significantly reduced tumour growth in a mouse melanoma model. We initiated our nanotherapeutic’s clinical translation with a biodistribution study in non-human primates, which revealed that the platform’s splenic avidity is preserved across species. Delivering immunomodulatory compounds to myeloid cells can activate innate immunity for cancer immunotherapy. Here the authors design a polymersome-based nanocarrier for delivering β-glucan to red pulp myeloid cells in the spleen and show that their strategy achieves tumour growth reduction in a melanoma model.
{"title":"Polymersomes with splenic avidity target red pulp myeloid cells for cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Annelies C. Wauters, Jari F. Scheerstra, Mandy M. T. van Leent, Abraham J. P. Teunissen, Bram Priem, Thijs J. Beldman, Nils Rother, Raphaël Duivenvoorden, Geoffrey Prévot, Jazz Munitz, Yohana C. Toner, Jeroen Deckers, Yuri van Elsas, Patricia Mora-Raimundo, Gal Chen, Sheqouia A. Nauta, Anna Vera D. Verschuur, Arjan W. Griffioen, David P. Schrijver, Tom Anbergen, Yudong Li, Hanglong Wu, Alexander F. Mason, Marleen H. M. E. van Stevendaal, Ewelina Kluza, Richard A. J. Post, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea, Claudia Calcagno, Zahi A. Fayad, Roy van der Meel, Avi Schroeder, Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen, Willem J. M. Mulder, Jan C. M. van Hest","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01727-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01727-w","url":null,"abstract":"Regulating innate immunity is an emerging approach to improve cancer immunotherapy. Such regulation requires engaging myeloid cells by delivering immunomodulatory compounds to hematopoietic organs, including the spleen. Here we present a polymersome-based nanocarrier with splenic avidity and propensity for red pulp myeloid cell uptake. We characterized the in vivo behaviour of four chemically identical yet topologically different polymersomes by in vivo positron emission tomography imaging and innovative flow and mass cytometry techniques. Upon intravenous administration, relatively large and spherical polymersomes accumulated rapidly in the spleen and efficiently targeted myeloid cells in the splenic red pulp. When loaded with β-glucan, intravenously administered polymersomes significantly reduced tumour growth in a mouse melanoma model. We initiated our nanotherapeutic’s clinical translation with a biodistribution study in non-human primates, which revealed that the platform’s splenic avidity is preserved across species. Delivering immunomodulatory compounds to myeloid cells can activate innate immunity for cancer immunotherapy. Here the authors design a polymersome-based nanocarrier for delivering β-glucan to red pulp myeloid cells in the spleen and show that their strategy achieves tumour growth reduction in a melanoma model.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 11","pages":"1735-1744"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-024-01727-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01726-x
Giacomo Fabrini, Nada Farag, Sabrina Pia Nuccio, Shiyi Li, Jaimie Marie Stewart, Anli A. Tang, Reece McCoy, Róisín M. Owens, Paul W. K. Rothemund, Elisa Franco, Marco Di Antonio, Lorenzo Di Michele
Condensation of RNA and proteins is central to cellular functions, and the ability to program it would be valuable in synthetic biology and synthetic cell science. Here we introduce a modular platform for engineering synthetic RNA condensates from tailor-made, branched RNA nanostructures that fold and assemble co-transcriptionally. Up to three orthogonal condensates can form simultaneously and selectively accumulate fluorophores through embedded fluorescent light-up aptamers. The RNA condensates can be expressed within synthetic cells to produce membrane-less organelles with a controlled number and relative size, and showing the ability to capture proteins using selective protein-binding aptamers. The affinity between otherwise orthogonal nanostructures can be modulated by introducing dedicated linker constructs, enabling the production of bi-phasic RNA condensates with a prescribed degree of interphase mixing and diverse morphologies. The in situ expression of programmable RNA condensates could underpin the spatial organization of functionalities in both biological and synthetic cells. Controlling RNA and protein condensation is helpful in synthetic biology. Here the authors show programmable assembly of synthetic RNA nanostructures into designer membrane-less organelles that selectively recruit ligands via protein-binding aptamers.
{"title":"Co-transcriptional production of programmable RNA condensates and synthetic organelles","authors":"Giacomo Fabrini, Nada Farag, Sabrina Pia Nuccio, Shiyi Li, Jaimie Marie Stewart, Anli A. Tang, Reece McCoy, Róisín M. Owens, Paul W. K. Rothemund, Elisa Franco, Marco Di Antonio, Lorenzo Di Michele","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01726-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01726-x","url":null,"abstract":"Condensation of RNA and proteins is central to cellular functions, and the ability to program it would be valuable in synthetic biology and synthetic cell science. Here we introduce a modular platform for engineering synthetic RNA condensates from tailor-made, branched RNA nanostructures that fold and assemble co-transcriptionally. Up to three orthogonal condensates can form simultaneously and selectively accumulate fluorophores through embedded fluorescent light-up aptamers. The RNA condensates can be expressed within synthetic cells to produce membrane-less organelles with a controlled number and relative size, and showing the ability to capture proteins using selective protein-binding aptamers. The affinity between otherwise orthogonal nanostructures can be modulated by introducing dedicated linker constructs, enabling the production of bi-phasic RNA condensates with a prescribed degree of interphase mixing and diverse morphologies. The in situ expression of programmable RNA condensates could underpin the spatial organization of functionalities in both biological and synthetic cells. Controlling RNA and protein condensation is helpful in synthetic biology. Here the authors show programmable assembly of synthetic RNA nanostructures into designer membrane-less organelles that selectively recruit ligands via protein-binding aptamers.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 11","pages":"1665-1673"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-024-01726-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01738-7
J. Huang, A. Jaekel, J. van den Boom, D. Podlesainski, M. Elnaggar, A. Heuer-Jungemann, M. Kaiser, H. Meyer, B. Saccà
Within the cell, chemical reactions are often confined and organized through a modular architecture. This facilitates the targeted localization of molecular species and their efficient translocation to subsequent sites. Here we present a cell-free nanoscale model that exploits compartmentalization strategies to carry out regulated protein unfolding and degradation. Our synthetic model comprises two connected DNA origami nanocompartments (each measuring 25 nm × 41 nm × 53 nm): one containing the protein unfolding machine, p97, and the other housing the protease chymotrypsin. We achieve the unidirectional immobilization of p97 within the first compartment, establishing a gateway mechanism that controls substrate recruitment, translocation and processing within the second compartment. Our data show that, whereas spatial confinement increases the rate of the individual reactions by up to tenfold, the physical connection of the compartmentalized enzymes into a chimera efficiently couples the two reactions and reduces off-target proteolysis by almost sixfold. Hence, our modular approach may serve as a blueprint for engineering artificial nanofactories with reshaped catalytic performance and functionalities beyond those observed in natural systems. This study presents DNA-origami biocatalytic modular nanocompartments for programmed regulation of protein unfolding and degradation. These artificial nanofactories augment reaction kinetics, improve enzyme performance and reduce off-target effects.
{"title":"A modular DNA origami nanocompartment for engineering a cell-free, protein unfolding and degradation pathway","authors":"J. Huang, A. Jaekel, J. van den Boom, D. Podlesainski, M. Elnaggar, A. Heuer-Jungemann, M. Kaiser, H. Meyer, B. Saccà","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01738-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01738-7","url":null,"abstract":"Within the cell, chemical reactions are often confined and organized through a modular architecture. This facilitates the targeted localization of molecular species and their efficient translocation to subsequent sites. Here we present a cell-free nanoscale model that exploits compartmentalization strategies to carry out regulated protein unfolding and degradation. Our synthetic model comprises two connected DNA origami nanocompartments (each measuring 25 nm × 41 nm × 53 nm): one containing the protein unfolding machine, p97, and the other housing the protease chymotrypsin. We achieve the unidirectional immobilization of p97 within the first compartment, establishing a gateway mechanism that controls substrate recruitment, translocation and processing within the second compartment. Our data show that, whereas spatial confinement increases the rate of the individual reactions by up to tenfold, the physical connection of the compartmentalized enzymes into a chimera efficiently couples the two reactions and reduces off-target proteolysis by almost sixfold. Hence, our modular approach may serve as a blueprint for engineering artificial nanofactories with reshaped catalytic performance and functionalities beyond those observed in natural systems. This study presents DNA-origami biocatalytic modular nanocompartments for programmed regulation of protein unfolding and degradation. These artificial nanofactories augment reaction kinetics, improve enzyme performance and reduce off-target effects.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1521-1531"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-024-01738-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01742-x
L. C. Pantaleone, E. Calicchia, J. Martinelli, M. C. A. Stuart, Y. Y. Lopatina, W. R. Browne, G. Portale, K. M. Tych, T. Kudernac
Biomolecular polymerization motors are biochemical systems that use supramolecular (de-)polymerization to convert chemical potential into useful mechanical work. With the intent to explore new chemomechanical transduction strategies, here we show a synthetic molecular system that can generate forces via the controlled disassembly of self-organized molecules in a crystal lattice, as they are freely suspended in a fluid. An amphiphilic monomer self-assembles into rigid, high-aspect-ratio microcrystalline fibres. The assembly process is regulated by a coumarin-based pH switching motif. The microfibre crystal morphology determines the monomer reactivity at the interface, resulting in anisotropic etching. This effect exerts a directional pulling force on microscopic beads adsorbed on the crystal surface through weak multivalent interactions. We use optical-tweezers-based force spectroscopy to extract mechanistic insights into this process, quantifying a stall force of 2.3 pN (±0.1 pN) exerted by the ratcheting mechanism produced by the disassembly of the microfibres. Disassembling molecular microcrystalline fibres produce mechanical work by dragging micro objects along their surface via biased diffusion.
{"title":"Exerting pulling forces in fluids by directional disassembly of microcrystalline fibres","authors":"L. C. Pantaleone, E. Calicchia, J. Martinelli, M. C. A. Stuart, Y. Y. Lopatina, W. R. Browne, G. Portale, K. M. Tych, T. Kudernac","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01742-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01742-x","url":null,"abstract":"Biomolecular polymerization motors are biochemical systems that use supramolecular (de-)polymerization to convert chemical potential into useful mechanical work. With the intent to explore new chemomechanical transduction strategies, here we show a synthetic molecular system that can generate forces via the controlled disassembly of self-organized molecules in a crystal lattice, as they are freely suspended in a fluid. An amphiphilic monomer self-assembles into rigid, high-aspect-ratio microcrystalline fibres. The assembly process is regulated by a coumarin-based pH switching motif. The microfibre crystal morphology determines the monomer reactivity at the interface, resulting in anisotropic etching. This effect exerts a directional pulling force on microscopic beads adsorbed on the crystal surface through weak multivalent interactions. We use optical-tweezers-based force spectroscopy to extract mechanistic insights into this process, quantifying a stall force of 2.3 pN (±0.1 pN) exerted by the ratcheting mechanism produced by the disassembly of the microfibres. Disassembling molecular microcrystalline fibres produce mechanical work by dragging micro objects along their surface via biased diffusion.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1507-1513"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-024-01742-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01718-x
Tomoyuki Yokota, Yusaku Tagawa
Core–shell photovoltaic nanometre-scale cells are embedded in photo-crosslinkable organic semiconductors. This results in high performance and enables large-scale integration, thus overcoming the trade-off between photoelectric performance and device miniaturization.
{"title":"Embedding core–shell photovoltaic nanocells in organic optoelectronics","authors":"Tomoyuki Yokota, Yusaku Tagawa","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01718-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01718-x","url":null,"abstract":"Core–shell photovoltaic nanometre-scale cells are embedded in photo-crosslinkable organic semiconductors. This results in high performance and enables large-scale integration, thus overcoming the trade-off between photoelectric performance and device miniaturization.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 9","pages":"1241-1242"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01720-3
Taehoon Kim, Beom Joon Kim, Giorgio E. Bonacchini, Nicholas A. Ostrovsky-Snider, Fiorenzo G. Omenetto
Water-based processing plays a crucial role in high technology, especially in electronics, material sciences and life sciences, with important implications in the development of high-quality reliable devices, fabrication efficiency, safety and sustainability. At the micro- and nanoscale, water is uniquely enabling as a bridge between biological and technological systems. However, new approaches are needed to overcome fundamental challenges that arise from the high surface tension of water, which hinders wetting and, thus, fabrication at the bio–nano interface. Here we report the use of silk fibroin as a surfactant to enable water-based processing of nanoscale devices. Even in minute quantities (for example, 0.01 w/v%), silk fibroin considerably enhances surface coverage and outperforms commercial surfactants in precisely controlling interfacial energy between water-based solutions and hydrophobic surfaces. This effect is ascribed to the amphiphilic nature of the silk molecule and its adaptive adsorption onto substrates with diverse surface energy, facilitating intermolecular interactions between unlikely pairs of materials. The approach’s versatility is highlighted by manufacturing water-processed nanodevices, ranging from transistors to photovoltaic cells. Its performance is found to be equivalent to analogous vacuum-processed devices, underscoring the utility and versatility of this approach for water-based nanofabrication. The amphiphilic nature of silk fibroin makes it a natural surfactant. Here it is shown to mediate interface interactions, enabling the wetting of hydrophobic surfaces with aqueous solutions and facilitating water-processed nanodevice fabrication without previous surface modification.
{"title":"Silk fibroin as a surfactant for water-based nanofabrication","authors":"Taehoon Kim, Beom Joon Kim, Giorgio E. Bonacchini, Nicholas A. Ostrovsky-Snider, Fiorenzo G. Omenetto","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01720-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01720-3","url":null,"abstract":"Water-based processing plays a crucial role in high technology, especially in electronics, material sciences and life sciences, with important implications in the development of high-quality reliable devices, fabrication efficiency, safety and sustainability. At the micro- and nanoscale, water is uniquely enabling as a bridge between biological and technological systems. However, new approaches are needed to overcome fundamental challenges that arise from the high surface tension of water, which hinders wetting and, thus, fabrication at the bio–nano interface. Here we report the use of silk fibroin as a surfactant to enable water-based processing of nanoscale devices. Even in minute quantities (for example, 0.01 w/v%), silk fibroin considerably enhances surface coverage and outperforms commercial surfactants in precisely controlling interfacial energy between water-based solutions and hydrophobic surfaces. This effect is ascribed to the amphiphilic nature of the silk molecule and its adaptive adsorption onto substrates with diverse surface energy, facilitating intermolecular interactions between unlikely pairs of materials. The approach’s versatility is highlighted by manufacturing water-processed nanodevices, ranging from transistors to photovoltaic cells. Its performance is found to be equivalent to analogous vacuum-processed devices, underscoring the utility and versatility of this approach for water-based nanofabrication. The amphiphilic nature of silk fibroin makes it a natural surfactant. Here it is shown to mediate interface interactions, enabling the wetting of hydrophobic surfaces with aqueous solutions and facilitating water-processed nanodevice fabrication without previous surface modification.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1514-1520"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01702-5
Jordan Pack, Yinjie Guo, Ziyu Liu, Bjarke S. Jessen, Luke Holtzman, Song Liu, Matthew Cothrine, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, David G. Mandrus, Katayun Barmak, James Hone, Cory R. Dean
Two-dimensional semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, have demonstrated tremendous promise for the development of highly tunable quantum devices. Realizing this potential requires low-resistance electrical contacts that perform well at low temperatures and low densities where quantum properties are relevant. Here we present a new device architecture for two-dimensional semiconductors that utilizes a charge-transfer layer to achieve large hole doping in the contact region, and implement this technique to measure the magnetotransport properties of high-purity monolayer WSe2. We measure a record-high hole mobility of 80,000 cm2 V–1 s–1 and access channel carrier densities as low as 1.6 × 1011 cm−2, an order of magnitude lower than previously achievable. Our ability to realize transparent contact to high-mobility devices at low density enables transport measurements of correlation-driven quantum phases including the observation of a low-temperature metal–insulator transition in a density and temperature regime where Wigner crystal formation is expected and the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect under large magnetic fields. The charge-transfer contact scheme enables the discovery and manipulation of new quantum phenomena in two-dimensional semiconductors and their heterostructures. By utilizing the van der Waals electron acceptor α-RuCl3, this study establishes a p-type connection with WSe2, facilitating a high hole mobility of 80,000 cm2 V–1 s–1 for investigating quantum transport properties in a magnetic field of over 30 T.
{"title":"Charge-transfer contacts for the measurement of correlated states in high-mobility WSe2","authors":"Jordan Pack, Yinjie Guo, Ziyu Liu, Bjarke S. Jessen, Luke Holtzman, Song Liu, Matthew Cothrine, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, David G. Mandrus, Katayun Barmak, James Hone, Cory R. Dean","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01702-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01702-5","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, have demonstrated tremendous promise for the development of highly tunable quantum devices. Realizing this potential requires low-resistance electrical contacts that perform well at low temperatures and low densities where quantum properties are relevant. Here we present a new device architecture for two-dimensional semiconductors that utilizes a charge-transfer layer to achieve large hole doping in the contact region, and implement this technique to measure the magnetotransport properties of high-purity monolayer WSe2. We measure a record-high hole mobility of 80,000 cm2 V–1 s–1 and access channel carrier densities as low as 1.6 × 1011 cm−2, an order of magnitude lower than previously achievable. Our ability to realize transparent contact to high-mobility devices at low density enables transport measurements of correlation-driven quantum phases including the observation of a low-temperature metal–insulator transition in a density and temperature regime where Wigner crystal formation is expected and the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect under large magnetic fields. The charge-transfer contact scheme enables the discovery and manipulation of new quantum phenomena in two-dimensional semiconductors and their heterostructures. By utilizing the van der Waals electron acceptor α-RuCl3, this study establishes a p-type connection with WSe2, facilitating a high hole mobility of 80,000 cm2 V–1 s–1 for investigating quantum transport properties in a magnetic field of over 30 T.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 7","pages":"948-954"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01724-z
Taner Esat, Dmitriy Borodin, Jeongmin Oh, Andreas J. Heinrich, F. Stefan Tautz, Yujeong Bae, Ruslan Temirov
The detection of faint magnetic fields from single-electron and nuclear spins at the atomic scale is a long-standing challenge in physics. While current mobile quantum sensors achieve single-electron spin sensitivity, atomic spatial resolution remains elusive for existing techniques. Here we fabricate a single-molecule quantum sensor at the apex of the metallic tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope by attaching Fe atoms and a PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydride) molecule to the tip apex. We address the molecular spin by electron spin resonance and achieve ~100 neV resolution in energy. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we measure the magnetic and electric dipole fields emanating from a single Fe atom and an Ag dimer on an Ag(111) surface with sub-angstrom spatial resolution. Our method enables atomic-scale quantum sensing experiments of electric and magnetic fields on conducting surfaces and may find applications in the sensing of spin-labelled biomolecules and of spin textures in quantum materials. The fabrication of a molecular quantum sensor on the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope enables the detection of minute magnetic and electric fields of single atoms with sub-angstrom resolution.
在原子尺度上探测单电子自旋和核自旋产生的微弱磁场是物理学界长期面临的挑战。虽然目前的移动量子传感器实现了单电子自旋灵敏度，但原子空间分辨率仍然是现有技术难以实现的。在这里，我们通过将铁原子和 PTCDA（3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酐）分子附着在扫描隧穿显微镜金属尖端的顶点，制造出了单分子量子传感器。我们通过电子自旋共振来解决分子自旋问题，并实现了 ~100 neV 的能量分辨率。在原理验证实验中，我们以亚埃级的空间分辨率测量了 Ag(111) 表面上单个铁原子和 Ag 二聚体发出的磁场和电偶极子场。我们的方法实现了导电表面电场和磁场的原子尺度量子传感实验，可应用于自旋标记生物分子的传感和量子材料的自旋纹理。
{"title":"A quantum sensor for atomic-scale electric and magnetic fields","authors":"Taner Esat, Dmitriy Borodin, Jeongmin Oh, Andreas J. Heinrich, F. Stefan Tautz, Yujeong Bae, Ruslan Temirov","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01724-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01724-z","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of faint magnetic fields from single-electron and nuclear spins at the atomic scale is a long-standing challenge in physics. While current mobile quantum sensors achieve single-electron spin sensitivity, atomic spatial resolution remains elusive for existing techniques. Here we fabricate a single-molecule quantum sensor at the apex of the metallic tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope by attaching Fe atoms and a PTCDA (3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydride) molecule to the tip apex. We address the molecular spin by electron spin resonance and achieve ~100 neV resolution in energy. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we measure the magnetic and electric dipole fields emanating from a single Fe atom and an Ag dimer on an Ag(111) surface with sub-angstrom spatial resolution. Our method enables atomic-scale quantum sensing experiments of electric and magnetic fields on conducting surfaces and may find applications in the sensing of spin-labelled biomolecules and of spin textures in quantum materials. The fabrication of a molecular quantum sensor on the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope enables the detection of minute magnetic and electric fields of single atoms with sub-angstrom resolution.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1466-1471"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-024-01724-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01709-y
Guanding Mei, Kai Wang, Xiao Wei Sun
Light extraction is a key factor determining the efficiency of light-emitting diodes. This becomes more pronounced in high-refractive-index perovskite light-emitting diodes according to the ray-optics model. Photon recycling and microcavity effect are important ways to break through the ray-optics efficiency limit. However, these two effects are competing, that is, strategies to optimize them are mutually exclusive. For a breakthrough in efficiency, we should favour one of them and inhibit the other.
{"title":"Competing light extraction strategies in perovskite light-emitting diodes","authors":"Guanding Mei, Kai Wang, Xiao Wei Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41565-024-01709-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-024-01709-y","url":null,"abstract":"Light extraction is a key factor determining the efficiency of light-emitting diodes. This becomes more pronounced in high-refractive-index perovskite light-emitting diodes according to the ray-optics model. Photon recycling and microcavity effect are important ways to break through the ray-optics efficiency limit. However, these two effects are competing, that is, strategies to optimize them are mutually exclusive. For a breakthrough in efficiency, we should favour one of them and inhibit the other.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"19 10","pages":"1427-1431"},"PeriodicalIF":38.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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