Pub Date : 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02036-6
Dengyang Guo, Thomas A. Selby, Simon Kahmann, Sebastian Gorgon, Linjie Dai, Milos Dubajic, Terry Chien-Jen Yang, Simon M. Fairclough, Thomas Marsh, Ian E. Jacobs, Baohu Wu, Renjun Guo, Satyawan Nagane, Tiarnan A. S. Doherty, Kangyu Ji, Cheng Liu, Yang Lu, Taeheon Kang, Capucine Mamak, Jian Mao, Peter Müller-Buschbaum, Henning Sirringhaus, Paul A. Midgley, Samuel D. Stranks
The high optoelectronic quality of halide perovskites makes them suitable for use in optoelectronic devices and, recently, in emerging quantum emission applications. Advancements in perovskite nanomaterials have led to the discovery of processes in which luminescence decay times are below 100 picoseconds, stimulating the exploration of even faster radiative rates for advanced quantum applications, which have only been realized in III–V materials grown using costly epitaxial growth methods. Here we discovered ultrafast quantum transients with timescales of around two picoseconds at low temperature in bulk formamidinium lead iodide films grown via scalable solution or vapour approaches. Using a multimodal strategy, combining ultrafast spectroscopy, optical and electron microscopy, we show that these transients originate from quantum tunnelling in nanodomain superlattices. The outcome of the transient decays, that is, photoluminescence, mirrors the photoabsorption of the states, with an ultranarrow linewidth at low temperature that can reach <2 nm (~4 meV). Localized correlation of the emission and structure reveals that the nanodomain superlattices are formed by alternating ordered layers of corner-sharing and face-sharing octahedra. This discovery opens new applications leveraging intrinsic quantum properties and demonstrates powerful multimodal approaches for quantum investigations. Formamidinium lead iodide perovskite films exhibit picosecond-scale quantum transients (~2 ps), with their nanoscale superlattices defining energy levels that yield narrow emission lines and reveal the structure–emission relationship.
{"title":"Picosecond quantum transients in halide perovskite nanodomain superlattices","authors":"Dengyang Guo, Thomas A. Selby, Simon Kahmann, Sebastian Gorgon, Linjie Dai, Milos Dubajic, Terry Chien-Jen Yang, Simon M. Fairclough, Thomas Marsh, Ian E. Jacobs, Baohu Wu, Renjun Guo, Satyawan Nagane, Tiarnan A. S. Doherty, Kangyu Ji, Cheng Liu, Yang Lu, Taeheon Kang, Capucine Mamak, Jian Mao, Peter Müller-Buschbaum, Henning Sirringhaus, Paul A. Midgley, Samuel D. Stranks","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02036-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02036-6","url":null,"abstract":"The high optoelectronic quality of halide perovskites makes them suitable for use in optoelectronic devices and, recently, in emerging quantum emission applications. Advancements in perovskite nanomaterials have led to the discovery of processes in which luminescence decay times are below 100 picoseconds, stimulating the exploration of even faster radiative rates for advanced quantum applications, which have only been realized in III–V materials grown using costly epitaxial growth methods. Here we discovered ultrafast quantum transients with timescales of around two picoseconds at low temperature in bulk formamidinium lead iodide films grown via scalable solution or vapour approaches. Using a multimodal strategy, combining ultrafast spectroscopy, optical and electron microscopy, we show that these transients originate from quantum tunnelling in nanodomain superlattices. The outcome of the transient decays, that is, photoluminescence, mirrors the photoabsorption of the states, with an ultranarrow linewidth at low temperature that can reach <2 nm (~4 meV). Localized correlation of the emission and structure reveals that the nanodomain superlattices are formed by alternating ordered layers of corner-sharing and face-sharing octahedra. This discovery opens new applications leveraging intrinsic quantum properties and demonstrates powerful multimodal approaches for quantum investigations. Formamidinium lead iodide perovskite films exhibit picosecond-scale quantum transients (~2 ps), with their nanoscale superlattices defining energy levels that yield narrow emission lines and reveal the structure–emission relationship.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 12","pages":"1771-1778"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-025-02036-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145381972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02037-5
Gianluca Milano, Xin Zheng, Fabio Michieletti, Giuseppe Leonetti, Gabriel Caballero, Ilker Oztoprak, Luca Boarino, Özgür Bozat, Luca Callegaro, Natascia De Leo, Isabel Godinho, Daniel Granados, Itir Koymen, Mariela Menghini, Enrique Miranda, Luís Ribeiro, Carlo Ricciardi, Jordi Suñe, Vitor Cabral, Ilia Valov
The recent revision of the International System of Units (SI)—which fixed the numerical values of nature’s fundamental constants—has opened new perspectives for practical realizations of SI units. Here we demonstrate an intrinsic resistance standard based on memristive nanoionic cells that operate in air at room temperature and are directly accessible to end users. By driving these devices into the quantum conductance regime and using an electrochemical-polishing-based programming strategy, we achieved quantum conductance levels that can be exploited as intrinsic standard values. An interlaboratory comparison confirmed metrological consistency, with deviations of –3.8% and 0.6% from the agreed SI values for the fundamental quantum of conductance, G0, and 2G0, respectively. These results lay the groundwork for the implementation of national metrology institute services on chip and for the development of self-calibrating measurement systems with zero-chain traceability. Nanoionic memristive devices achieve stable quantum conductance at room temperature, enabling SI-traceable resistance standards and advancing self-calibrating electronics toward the implementation of national metrology institute services on chip.
{"title":"A quantum resistance memristor for an intrinsically traceable International System of Units standard","authors":"Gianluca Milano, Xin Zheng, Fabio Michieletti, Giuseppe Leonetti, Gabriel Caballero, Ilker Oztoprak, Luca Boarino, Özgür Bozat, Luca Callegaro, Natascia De Leo, Isabel Godinho, Daniel Granados, Itir Koymen, Mariela Menghini, Enrique Miranda, Luís Ribeiro, Carlo Ricciardi, Jordi Suñe, Vitor Cabral, Ilia Valov","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02037-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02037-5","url":null,"abstract":"The recent revision of the International System of Units (SI)—which fixed the numerical values of nature’s fundamental constants—has opened new perspectives for practical realizations of SI units. Here we demonstrate an intrinsic resistance standard based on memristive nanoionic cells that operate in air at room temperature and are directly accessible to end users. By driving these devices into the quantum conductance regime and using an electrochemical-polishing-based programming strategy, we achieved quantum conductance levels that can be exploited as intrinsic standard values. An interlaboratory comparison confirmed metrological consistency, with deviations of –3.8% and 0.6% from the agreed SI values for the fundamental quantum of conductance, G0, and 2G0, respectively. These results lay the groundwork for the implementation of national metrology institute services on chip and for the development of self-calibrating measurement systems with zero-chain traceability. Nanoionic memristive devices achieve stable quantum conductance at room temperature, enabling SI-traceable resistance standards and advancing self-calibrating electronics toward the implementation of national metrology institute services on chip.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 12","pages":"1884-1890"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-025-02037-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02027-7
Xuekun Lu, Rhodri E. Owen, Wenjia Du, Zhenyu Zhang, Antonio Bertei, Roby Soni, Xun Zhang, Francesco Iacoviello, Daqing Li, Alice Llewellyn, Jianuo Chen, Han Zhang, Xuhui Yao, Qi Li, Yunlong Zhao, Shashidhara Marathe, Christoph Rau, Paul R. Shearing
Silicon is a promising negative electrode material for high-energy batteries, but its volume changes during cell cycling cause rapid degradation, limiting its loading to about 10 wt.% in conventional graphite/Si composite electrodes. Overcoming this threshold requires evidence-based design for the formulation of advanced electrodes. Here we combine multimodal operando imaging techniques, assisted by structural and electrochemical characterizations, to elucidate the multiscale electro-chemo-mechanical processes in graphite/Si composite negative electrodes. We demonstrate that the electrochemical cycling stability of Si particles strongly depends on the design of intraparticle nanoscale porous structures, and the encapsulation and loss of active Si particles result in excessive charging current being directed to the graphite particles, increasing the risk of lithium plating. We also show that heterogeneous strains are present between graphite and Si particles, in the carbon-binder domain and the electrode’s porous structures. Focusing on the volume expansion of the electrode during electrochemical cycling, we prove that the rate performance and Si utilization are heavily influenced by the expansion of the carbon-binder domain and the decrease in porosity. Based on this acquired knowledge, we propose a tailored double-layer graphite/Si composite electrode design that exhibits lower polarization and capacity decay compared with conventional graphite/Si electrode formulations. Multimodal operando imaging reveals how multiscale structural design affects lithiation heterogeneity and electrochemical cycling stability in graphite/silicon composite battery electrodes.
{"title":"Unravelling electro-chemo-mechanical processes in graphite/silicon composites for designing nanoporous and microstructured battery electrodes","authors":"Xuekun Lu, Rhodri E. Owen, Wenjia Du, Zhenyu Zhang, Antonio Bertei, Roby Soni, Xun Zhang, Francesco Iacoviello, Daqing Li, Alice Llewellyn, Jianuo Chen, Han Zhang, Xuhui Yao, Qi Li, Yunlong Zhao, Shashidhara Marathe, Christoph Rau, Paul R. Shearing","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02027-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02027-7","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon is a promising negative electrode material for high-energy batteries, but its volume changes during cell cycling cause rapid degradation, limiting its loading to about 10 wt.% in conventional graphite/Si composite electrodes. Overcoming this threshold requires evidence-based design for the formulation of advanced electrodes. Here we combine multimodal operando imaging techniques, assisted by structural and electrochemical characterizations, to elucidate the multiscale electro-chemo-mechanical processes in graphite/Si composite negative electrodes. We demonstrate that the electrochemical cycling stability of Si particles strongly depends on the design of intraparticle nanoscale porous structures, and the encapsulation and loss of active Si particles result in excessive charging current being directed to the graphite particles, increasing the risk of lithium plating. We also show that heterogeneous strains are present between graphite and Si particles, in the carbon-binder domain and the electrode’s porous structures. Focusing on the volume expansion of the electrode during electrochemical cycling, we prove that the rate performance and Si utilization are heavily influenced by the expansion of the carbon-binder domain and the decrease in porosity. Based on this acquired knowledge, we propose a tailored double-layer graphite/Si composite electrode design that exhibits lower polarization and capacity decay compared with conventional graphite/Si electrode formulations. Multimodal operando imaging reveals how multiscale structural design affects lithiation heterogeneity and electrochemical cycling stability in graphite/silicon composite battery electrodes.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 11","pages":"1656-1666"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-025-02027-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145357972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02022-y
Yuedi Yang, Mingda Zhao, Jiadong Li, Ruiling Xu, Jie Liang, Qing Jiang, Xingchen Peng, Aiping Tong, Li Min, Yunfeng Lin, Xingdong Zhang, Yujiang Fan, Yong Sun
Regulating intracellular phosphorus may affect multiple biosynthetic processes and modulate cancer cell progression. Here we show that exogenous PEGylated black phosphorus nanosheets (BPP) are metabolized into phosphate in tumor cells, where they boost mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This results in the modulation of several signalling pathways, with the attenuation of prosurvival gene expression and reduction in PD-L1 protein expression in melanoma cells, leading to impaired cancer progression. We also reveal that BPP promote the activation of immune regulation, confirmed by the increased proinflammatory cytokine content in serum, high expression of tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte CD8+ T cells and lower expression of CD4+ regulatory T cells in tumour and lymph nodes. In the spleen, BPP mediate a significant increase in the concentration of effector memory CD8+ T cells, inducing a ‘positive regulation’ of the immune microenvironment. The introduction of a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor further enhances the immunopotentiation effect. These findings may define BPP as a dual-function tumour chemotherapeutic and immunopotentiator. PEGylated black phosphorus nanosheets boost mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, thereby modulating the survival and immune evasion in tumour cells, and further promoting the activation of immune regulation.
{"title":"Black phosphorus nanosheets boost mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation improving immunotherapy outcomes","authors":"Yuedi Yang, Mingda Zhao, Jiadong Li, Ruiling Xu, Jie Liang, Qing Jiang, Xingchen Peng, Aiping Tong, Li Min, Yunfeng Lin, Xingdong Zhang, Yujiang Fan, Yong Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02022-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02022-y","url":null,"abstract":"Regulating intracellular phosphorus may affect multiple biosynthetic processes and modulate cancer cell progression. Here we show that exogenous PEGylated black phosphorus nanosheets (BPP) are metabolized into phosphate in tumor cells, where they boost mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This results in the modulation of several signalling pathways, with the attenuation of prosurvival gene expression and reduction in PD-L1 protein expression in melanoma cells, leading to impaired cancer progression. We also reveal that BPP promote the activation of immune regulation, confirmed by the increased proinflammatory cytokine content in serum, high expression of tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte CD8+ T cells and lower expression of CD4+ regulatory T cells in tumour and lymph nodes. In the spleen, BPP mediate a significant increase in the concentration of effector memory CD8+ T cells, inducing a ‘positive regulation’ of the immune microenvironment. The introduction of a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor further enhances the immunopotentiation effect. These findings may define BPP as a dual-function tumour chemotherapeutic and immunopotentiator. PEGylated black phosphorus nanosheets boost mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, thereby modulating the survival and immune evasion in tumour cells, and further promoting the activation of immune regulation.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 12","pages":"1843-1855"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02026-8
Yuan Gao, Wenzheng Shi, Stephen J. Klawa, Margaret L. Daly, Edward T. Samulski, Ehssan Nazockdast, Ronit Freeman
Living systems transform their shapes via reversible formation of macromolecular structural complexes, leading to deformations at localized sites. Here we report DNA–inorganic flower-shaped crystals with inscribed deformation modes that enable flowers to shrink and bend reversibly. Template-independent DNA polymerization of pH-responsive and inert blocks tune the hierarchical assembly and spatial localization of DNA within flowers. Experiments and simulations demonstrate that reversible, pH-triggered folding of intraflower DNA strands drives reconfiguration of flowers. By contrast, the subflower localization of these contractile DNA motifs dictates the mode of shape change. As microscale flowers close and open, their nanoscale crystal organization changes reversibly, suggesting that mechanical metamorphosis of flowers is transduced across multiple organizational length scales. The adaptability of flowers to environmental changes activates cascaded biocatalytic reactions and reveals gel-encrypted information. Further variation of the DNA polymer sequence, its subcrystal localization and its reversible folding advances a new class of organic–inorganic shape-shifters. Actuators based on DNA–inorganic hybrid crystals reversibly change shape, which can be programmed by the length and composition of the DNA polymer, and induce cascaded reactions of compartmentalized enzymes in response to external stimuli.
{"title":"Reversible metamorphosis of hierarchical DNA–inorganic crystals","authors":"Yuan Gao, Wenzheng Shi, Stephen J. Klawa, Margaret L. Daly, Edward T. Samulski, Ehssan Nazockdast, Ronit Freeman","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02026-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02026-8","url":null,"abstract":"Living systems transform their shapes via reversible formation of macromolecular structural complexes, leading to deformations at localized sites. Here we report DNA–inorganic flower-shaped crystals with inscribed deformation modes that enable flowers to shrink and bend reversibly. Template-independent DNA polymerization of pH-responsive and inert blocks tune the hierarchical assembly and spatial localization of DNA within flowers. Experiments and simulations demonstrate that reversible, pH-triggered folding of intraflower DNA strands drives reconfiguration of flowers. By contrast, the subflower localization of these contractile DNA motifs dictates the mode of shape change. As microscale flowers close and open, their nanoscale crystal organization changes reversibly, suggesting that mechanical metamorphosis of flowers is transduced across multiple organizational length scales. The adaptability of flowers to environmental changes activates cascaded biocatalytic reactions and reveals gel-encrypted information. Further variation of the DNA polymer sequence, its subcrystal localization and its reversible folding advances a new class of organic–inorganic shape-shifters. Actuators based on DNA–inorganic hybrid crystals reversibly change shape, which can be programmed by the length and composition of the DNA polymer, and induce cascaded reactions of compartmentalized enzymes in response to external stimuli.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 12","pages":"1813-1821"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145331904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02021-z
B. J. Kim, Nouran S. Abdelfattah, Alexander Hostetler, Darrell J. Irvine
Therapeutic vaccines for cancer have been pursued for decades but historically have a low rate of clinical efficacy. However, recent advances in vaccine technologies alongside new vaccination regimens and clinical trial designs are showing promise in early-stage trials, demonstrating substantial benefits in recurrence-free and overall survival in cancer patients. Nanotechnologies are playing an important role in these advances through the introduction of lipid nanoparticles and lipoplexes that can effectively deliver mRNA vaccines, improved adjuvants, and the development of technologies that efficiently target peptide vaccines to secondary lymphoid tissues. Here we review these advances in the context of parallel progress in cancer antigen discovery, nucleic acid vaccine engineering and clinical trial designs that may enable therapeutic vaccines to effectively enhance patient survival. We also discuss outstanding challenges still to be solved to maximize the efficacy of cancer vaccines. This Review discusses recent progress in therapeutic cancer vaccines, with particular emphasis on the role of nanotechnology in supporting these advances.
{"title":"Progress in cancer vaccines enabled by nanotechnology","authors":"B. J. Kim, Nouran S. Abdelfattah, Alexander Hostetler, Darrell J. Irvine","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02021-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02021-z","url":null,"abstract":"Therapeutic vaccines for cancer have been pursued for decades but historically have a low rate of clinical efficacy. However, recent advances in vaccine technologies alongside new vaccination regimens and clinical trial designs are showing promise in early-stage trials, demonstrating substantial benefits in recurrence-free and overall survival in cancer patients. Nanotechnologies are playing an important role in these advances through the introduction of lipid nanoparticles and lipoplexes that can effectively deliver mRNA vaccines, improved adjuvants, and the development of technologies that efficiently target peptide vaccines to secondary lymphoid tissues. Here we review these advances in the context of parallel progress in cancer antigen discovery, nucleic acid vaccine engineering and clinical trial designs that may enable therapeutic vaccines to effectively enhance patient survival. We also discuss outstanding challenges still to be solved to maximize the efficacy of cancer vaccines. This Review discusses recent progress in therapeutic cancer vaccines, with particular emphasis on the role of nanotechnology in supporting these advances.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 11","pages":"1558-1572"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02023-x
Haiming Yu
Fast-moving superconducting vortices generate monochromatic magnons at short wavelengths down to 36 nm in a ferromagnet–superconductor hybrid device.
在铁磁-超导体混合装置中，快速移动的超导涡旋产生短波长至36纳米的单色磁子。
{"title":"Fast vortices excite short magnons","authors":"Haiming Yu","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02023-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02023-x","url":null,"abstract":"Fast-moving superconducting vortices generate monochromatic magnons at short wavelengths down to 36 nm in a ferromagnet–superconductor hybrid device.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 12","pages":"1719-1720"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02024-w
Oleksandr V. Dobrovolskiy, Qi Wang, Denis Yu. Vodolazov, Roland Sachser, Michael Huth, Sebastian Knauer, Alexander I. Buzdin
Magnons, the quasi-particles of spin waves, are promising candidates for developing wave-based computing and hybrid quantum technologies. However, generating short-wavelength magnons through microwave excitation becomes increasingly challenging because the excitation efficiency decreases as the antenna size shrinks. Here we demonstrate an alternative approach and generate magnons in a Co–Fe strip using magnetic flux quanta, that is, Abrikosov vortices, moving in an adjacent Nb–C superconductor at velocities exceeding 1 km s−1. The moving vortex lattice acts on the magnetic layer via both static and dynamic stray fields. Our experiments showcase the unidirectional excitation of sub-40-nm wavelength magnons and their coherent interaction with the moving vortices. In turn, the Nb–C sustains its low-resistive state because the magnon creation removes energy from the superconductor. This discovery enables high-speed on-chip electrically driven magnon generation and validates an alternative means of magnon excitation. Our approach could be adapted to other wave excitations, such as surface acoustic waves, for integration into advanced electronic and hybrid quantum systems. In a hybrid superconductor–ferromagnet device, the dynamic stray fields of current-driven vortices unidirectionally excite coherent short-wavelength magnons.
磁振子是自旋波的准粒子，是发展基于波的计算和混合量子技术的有希望的候选者。然而，随着天线尺寸的缩小，微波激发产生短波长的磁振子变得越来越具有挑战性。在这里，我们展示了另一种方法，利用磁通量量子（即Abrikosov涡旋）在相邻的Nb-C超导体中以超过1 km s-1的速度运动，在Co-Fe带中产生磁振子。运动的涡旋晶格通过静态和动态杂散场作用于磁层。我们的实验展示了亚40nm波长的磁振子的单向激发及其与运动涡旋的相干相互作用。反过来，Nb-C维持其低电阻状态，因为磁振子的产生从超导体中去除了能量。这一发现使芯片上的高速电驱动磁振子产生成为可能，并验证了磁振子激发的另一种方法。我们的方法可以适用于其他波激发，如表面声波，用于集成到先进的电子和混合量子系统中。
{"title":"Moving Abrikosov vortex lattices generate sub-40-nm magnons","authors":"Oleksandr V. Dobrovolskiy, Qi Wang, Denis Yu. Vodolazov, Roland Sachser, Michael Huth, Sebastian Knauer, Alexander I. Buzdin","doi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02024-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41565-025-02024-w","url":null,"abstract":"Magnons, the quasi-particles of spin waves, are promising candidates for developing wave-based computing and hybrid quantum technologies. However, generating short-wavelength magnons through microwave excitation becomes increasingly challenging because the excitation efficiency decreases as the antenna size shrinks. Here we demonstrate an alternative approach and generate magnons in a Co–Fe strip using magnetic flux quanta, that is, Abrikosov vortices, moving in an adjacent Nb–C superconductor at velocities exceeding 1 km s−1. The moving vortex lattice acts on the magnetic layer via both static and dynamic stray fields. Our experiments showcase the unidirectional excitation of sub-40-nm wavelength magnons and their coherent interaction with the moving vortices. In turn, the Nb–C sustains its low-resistive state because the magnon creation removes energy from the superconductor. This discovery enables high-speed on-chip electrically driven magnon generation and validates an alternative means of magnon excitation. Our approach could be adapted to other wave excitations, such as surface acoustic waves, for integration into advanced electronic and hybrid quantum systems. In a hybrid superconductor–ferromagnet device, the dynamic stray fields of current-driven vortices unidirectionally excite coherent short-wavelength magnons.","PeriodicalId":18915,"journal":{"name":"Nature nanotechnology","volume":"20 12","pages":"1764-1770"},"PeriodicalIF":34.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-025-02024-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1038/s41565-025-02010-2
Jiaobing Tu, Connor D. Flynn, Jeonghee Yeom, Zhenwei Wu, Shana O. Kelley, Wei Gao
Over the past decade, consumer wearable sensors have become increasingly ubiquitous in health monitoring, enabling the widespread tracking of key biophysical parameters. The transition towards next-generation body-interfaced biomolecular sensing technologies, fuelled by the integration of reagentless sensing strategies with advanced nanomaterials, marks the next substantial leap forward. These innovations enable unobtrusive, multimodal monitoring of both physiological parameters and biochemical disease markers in real time. This Review examines the current generation of body-interfaced biomolecular sensing technologies, with a particular emphasis on materials innovation and nanotechnological advancements, and discusses their pivotal role in chronic disease monitoring. The discussion extends to the challenges and prospects in this rapidly evolving field, highlighting the potential for materials-focused approaches to transform the landscape of chronic disease monitoring and management with body-interfaced bioelectronics. By harnessing the power of materials and nanotechnological innovations, these biomolecular sensing technologies promise to enhance diagnostic capabilities and foster a more proactive, personalized approach to combating these diseases. This Review examines recent advances in body-interfaced biomolecular sensors for chronic disease monitoring, highlighting relevant biomarkers and nanomaterial-enabled sensing modalities, wearable form factors, clinical applications and challenges to real-world translation.
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