Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00536-y
Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick, David Barriopedro, Roshan Jha, Lin Wang, Arpita Mondal, Renata Libonati, Kai Kornhuber
Multiple relentless heatwaves occurred in 2023, with much of the world experiencing at least 20 more heatwave days than the 1991–2020 average. Prominent and record-breaking events included exceptional wintertime and spring heat in South America, large heatwaves over Europe, Africa and Asia, and a prolonged event over south-eastern USA and Central America.
{"title":"Extreme terrestrial heat in 2023","authors":"Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick, David Barriopedro, Roshan Jha, Lin Wang, Arpita Mondal, Renata Libonati, Kai Kornhuber","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00536-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00536-y","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple relentless heatwaves occurred in 2023, with much of the world experiencing at least 20 more heatwave days than the 1991–2020 average. Prominent and record-breaking events included exceptional wintertime and spring heat in South America, large heatwaves over Europe, Africa and Asia, and a prolonged event over south-eastern USA and Central America.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 4","pages":"244-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00536-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00544-y
Crystal A. Kolden, John T. Abatzoglou, Matthew W. Jones, Piyush Jain
Wildfires burned 384 Mha of land in 2023, the highest since 2017 but 5% lower than the 2001–2022 average. These fires emitted an estimated 2,524 Tg C, 30% of which came from Canada’s record fire season.
{"title":"Wildfires in 2023","authors":"Crystal A. Kolden, John T. Abatzoglou, Matthew W. Jones, Piyush Jain","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00544-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00544-y","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfires burned 384 Mha of land in 2023, the highest since 2017 but 5% lower than the 2001–2022 average. These fires emitted an estimated 2,524 Tg C, 30% of which came from Canada’s record fire season.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 4","pages":"238-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00544-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00539-9
Lijing Cheng, Karina von Schuckmann, Audrey Minière, Maria Z. Hakuba, Sarah Purkey, Gavin A. Schmidt, Yuying Pan
In 2023, global full-depth ocean heat content (OHC) reached a record increase of 464 ± 55 ZJ since 1960, with strong heat gain observed in the Southern and Atlantic Oceans. OHC was 16 ± 10 ZJ higher than in 2022, continuing the long-term increasing trend that started in 1960.
{"title":"Ocean heat content in 2023","authors":"Lijing Cheng, Karina von Schuckmann, Audrey Minière, Maria Z. Hakuba, Sarah Purkey, Gavin A. Schmidt, Yuying Pan","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00539-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00539-9","url":null,"abstract":"In 2023, global full-depth ocean heat content (OHC) reached a record increase of 464 ± 55 ZJ since 1960, with strong heat gain observed in the Southern and Atlantic Oceans. OHC was 16 ± 10 ZJ higher than in 2022, continuing the long-term increasing trend that started in 1960.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 4","pages":"232-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00539-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00543-z
Xiangyi Li, Kai Wang, Chris Huntingford, Zaichun Zhu, Josep Peñuelas, Ranga B. Myneni, Shilong Piao
Global greening continued into 2023, reaching near-record values that were dominated by regional enhancement in the mid-western USA, Europe, northern Australia and parts of equatorial Africa. In contrast, climatic events contributed to browning signals in Russia, Canada, Mexico and tropical drylands.
{"title":"Vegetation greenness in 2023","authors":"Xiangyi Li, Kai Wang, Chris Huntingford, Zaichun Zhu, Josep Peñuelas, Ranga B. Myneni, Shilong Piao","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00543-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00543-z","url":null,"abstract":"Global greening continued into 2023, reaching near-record values that were dominated by regional enhancement in the mid-western USA, Europe, northern Australia and parts of equatorial Africa. In contrast, climatic events contributed to browning signals in Russia, Canada, Mexico and tropical drylands.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 4","pages":"241-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00543-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00532-2
Zhu Liu, Zhu Deng, Steven J. Davis, Philippe Ciais
Global CO2 emissions for 2023 increased by only 0.1% relative to 2022 (following increases of 5.4% and 1.9% in 2021 and 2022, respectively), reaching 35.8 Gt CO2. These 2023 emissions consumed 10–66.7% of the remaining carbon budget to limit warming to 1.5°C, suggesting permissible emissions could be depleted within 0.5–6 years (67% likelihood).
{"title":"Global carbon emissions in 2023","authors":"Zhu Liu, Zhu Deng, Steven J. Davis, Philippe Ciais","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00532-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00532-2","url":null,"abstract":"Global CO2 emissions for 2023 increased by only 0.1% relative to 2022 (following increases of 5.4% and 1.9% in 2021 and 2022, respectively), reaching 35.8 Gt CO2. These 2023 emissions consumed 10–66.7% of the remaining carbon budget to limit warming to 1.5°C, suggesting permissible emissions could be depleted within 0.5–6 years (67% likelihood).","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 4","pages":"253-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00532-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00545-x
Bailing Li, Matthew Rodell
Global terrestrial water storage (TWS) anomalies reached a record low of –9.94 cm in 2023, decreasing 0.80 cm from 2022. These reductions largely reflect ongoing TWS losses from glacial melt and groundwater use for irrigation, offset by gains in central and eastern Antarctica and La Niña-related tropical wetting.
{"title":"Terrestrial water storage in 2023","authors":"Bailing Li, Matthew Rodell","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00545-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00545-x","url":null,"abstract":"Global terrestrial water storage (TWS) anomalies reached a record low of –9.94 cm in 2023, decreasing 0.80 cm from 2022. These reductions largely reflect ongoing TWS losses from glacial melt and groundwater use for irrigation, offset by gains in central and eastern Antarctica and La Niña-related tropical wetting.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 4","pages":"247-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00545-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00547-9
Hayley J. Fowler, Stephen Blenkinsop, Amy Green, Paul A. Davies
2023 saw a multitude of extreme precipitation events across the globe, causing flash flooding, countless fatalities and huge economic losses. Fuelled by a combination of a strong El Niño, record ocean warmth and anthropogenic warming, these events highlight the ongoing risks posed by extreme precipitation in a warming climate.
{"title":"Precipitation extremes in 2023","authors":"Hayley J. Fowler, Stephen Blenkinsop, Amy Green, Paul A. Davies","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00547-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00547-9","url":null,"abstract":"2023 saw a multitude of extreme precipitation events across the globe, causing flash flooding, countless fatalities and huge economic losses. Fuelled by a combination of a strong El Niño, record ocean warmth and anthropogenic warming, these events highlight the ongoing risks posed by extreme precipitation in a warming climate.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 4","pages":"250-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00547-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00546-w
Graham Simpkins, Giuliana Viglione
To explore career opportunities outside of academia, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Giuliana Viglione about their career path from a graduate student to a climate journalist at Carbon Brief.
{"title":"From academia to a career in climate journalism","authors":"Graham Simpkins, Giuliana Viglione","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00546-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00546-w","url":null,"abstract":"To explore career opportunities outside of academia, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Giuliana Viglione about their career path from a graduate student to a climate journalist at Carbon Brief.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 4","pages":"229-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00552-y
Matthew L. Kirwan, J. Patrick Megonigal, Genevieve L. Noyce, Alexander J. Smith
{"title":"Author Correction: Geomorphic and ecological constraints on the coastal carbon sink","authors":"Matthew L. Kirwan, J. Patrick Megonigal, Genevieve L. Noyce, Alexander J. Smith","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00552-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00552-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 4","pages":"329-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00552-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00521-5
Cornelis van Leeuwen, Giovanni Sgubin, Benjamin Bois, Nathalie Ollat, Didier Swingedouw, Sébastien Zito, Gregory A. Gambetta
Climate change is affecting grape yield, composition and wine quality. As a result, the geography of wine production is changing. In this Review, we discuss the consequences of changing temperature, precipitation, humidity, radiation and CO2 on global wine production and explore adaptation strategies. Current winegrowing regions are primarily located at mid-latitudes (California, USA; southern France; northern Spain and Italy; Barossa, Australia; Stellenbosch, South Africa; and Mendoza, Argentina, among others), where the climate is warm enough to allow grape ripening, but without excessive heat, and relatively dry to avoid strong disease pressure. About 90% of traditional wine regions in coastal and lowland regions of Spain, Italy, Greece and southern California could be at risk of disappearing by the end of the century because of excessive drought and more frequent heatwaves with climate change. Warmer temperatures might increase suitability for other regions (Washington State, Oregon, Tasmania, northern France) and are driving the emergence of new wine regions, like the southern United Kingdom. The degree of these changes in suitability strongly depends on the level of temperature rise. Existing producers can adapt to a certain level of warming by changing plant material (varieties and rootstocks), training systems and vineyard management. However, these adaptations might not be enough to maintain economically viable wine production in all areas. Future research should aim to assess the economic impact of climate change adaptation strategies applied at large scale. Grapes produced for winemaking are highly susceptible to changes in climate, particularly extreme heat and drought. This Review examines the changing geography of existing and emerging winegrowing regions, and recommends adaptation measures to increasing heat and modified drought, pest and disease pressure.
{"title":"Climate change impacts and adaptations of wine production","authors":"Cornelis van Leeuwen, Giovanni Sgubin, Benjamin Bois, Nathalie Ollat, Didier Swingedouw, Sébastien Zito, Gregory A. Gambetta","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00521-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00521-5","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is affecting grape yield, composition and wine quality. As a result, the geography of wine production is changing. In this Review, we discuss the consequences of changing temperature, precipitation, humidity, radiation and CO2 on global wine production and explore adaptation strategies. Current winegrowing regions are primarily located at mid-latitudes (California, USA; southern France; northern Spain and Italy; Barossa, Australia; Stellenbosch, South Africa; and Mendoza, Argentina, among others), where the climate is warm enough to allow grape ripening, but without excessive heat, and relatively dry to avoid strong disease pressure. About 90% of traditional wine regions in coastal and lowland regions of Spain, Italy, Greece and southern California could be at risk of disappearing by the end of the century because of excessive drought and more frequent heatwaves with climate change. Warmer temperatures might increase suitability for other regions (Washington State, Oregon, Tasmania, northern France) and are driving the emergence of new wine regions, like the southern United Kingdom. The degree of these changes in suitability strongly depends on the level of temperature rise. Existing producers can adapt to a certain level of warming by changing plant material (varieties and rootstocks), training systems and vineyard management. However, these adaptations might not be enough to maintain economically viable wine production in all areas. Future research should aim to assess the economic impact of climate change adaptation strategies applied at large scale. Grapes produced for winemaking are highly susceptible to changes in climate, particularly extreme heat and drought. This Review examines the changing geography of existing and emerging winegrowing regions, and recommends adaptation measures to increasing heat and modified drought, pest and disease pressure.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"5 4","pages":"258-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140323895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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