Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00529-x
Erin Scott, Tim Armitage
To explore career opportunities outside of academia, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Tim Armitage about their career path from a postdoctoral researcher to a geoscience consultant at the British Geological Survey.
{"title":"From academia to a career in geoscience consultancy","authors":"Erin Scott, Tim Armitage","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00529-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00529-x","url":null,"abstract":"To explore career opportunities outside of academia, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Tim Armitage about their career path from a postdoctoral researcher to a geoscience consultant at the British Geological Survey.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140005713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00525-1
Erin Scott, Sarah Clancy
To explore career opportunities outside of academia, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Sarah Clancy about their career path from a postdoctoral researcher to a technical policy advisor at Northumbrian Water.
{"title":"From academia to a career in strategic water planning","authors":"Erin Scott, Sarah Clancy","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00525-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00525-1","url":null,"abstract":"To explore career opportunities outside of academia, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Sarah Clancy about their career path from a postdoctoral researcher to a technical policy advisor at Northumbrian Water.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140005753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00530-4
Graham Simpkins, Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir
To explore career opportunities outside of academia, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Sandra Snæbjörnsdóttir about their career path from postdoctoral researcher to Chief Scientist at Carbfix.
{"title":"From academia to a career in the climate tech industry","authors":"Graham Simpkins, Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00530-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00530-4","url":null,"abstract":"To explore career opportunities outside of academia, Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Sandra Snæbjörnsdóttir about their career path from postdoctoral researcher to Chief Scientist at Carbfix.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140005717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00523-3
Natalie Stoeckl, Vanessa Adams, Rachel Baird, Anne Boothroyd, Robert Costanza, Darla Hatton MacDonald, Glenn Finau, Elizabeth A. Fulton, Matt A. King, Ida Kubiszewski, Delphine Lannuzel, Elizabeth Leane, Jess Melbourne-Thomas, Hanne Neilsen, Can-Seng Ooi, Mala Raghavan, Valeria Senigaglia, Jing Tian, Satoshi Yamazaki
Antarctica and the Southern Ocean provide numerous ecosystem services that benefit people globally, but many are ‘invisible’ to markets and to some decision makers. A subset of these services — Antarctic tourism, commercial fisheries, and a suite of inter-related regulating services — are conservatively valued at ~US $180 billion annually, highlighting their importance.
{"title":"The value of Antarctic and Southern Ocean ecosystem services","authors":"Natalie Stoeckl, Vanessa Adams, Rachel Baird, Anne Boothroyd, Robert Costanza, Darla Hatton MacDonald, Glenn Finau, Elizabeth A. Fulton, Matt A. King, Ida Kubiszewski, Delphine Lannuzel, Elizabeth Leane, Jess Melbourne-Thomas, Hanne Neilsen, Can-Seng Ooi, Mala Raghavan, Valeria Senigaglia, Jing Tian, Satoshi Yamazaki","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00523-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00523-3","url":null,"abstract":"Antarctica and the Southern Ocean provide numerous ecosystem services that benefit people globally, but many are ‘invisible’ to markets and to some decision makers. A subset of these services — Antarctic tourism, commercial fisheries, and a suite of inter-related regulating services — are conservatively valued at ~US $180 billion annually, highlighting their importance.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139988049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00516-2
Endalkachew Abebe Kebede, Hanan Abou Ali, Tyler Clavelle, Halley E. Froehlich, Jessica A. Gephart, Sarah Hartman, Mario Herrero, Hannah Kerner, Piyush Mehta, Catherine Nakalembe, Deepak K. Ray, Stefan Siebert, Philip Thornton, Kyle Frankel Davis
Food production data — such as crop, livestock, aquaculture and fisheries statistics — are critical to achieving multiple sustainable development goals. However, the lack of reliable, regularly collected, accessible, usable and spatially disaggregated statistics limits an accurate picture of the state of food production in many countries and prevents the implementation of effective food system interventions. In this Review, we take stock of national and international food production data to understand its availability and limitations. Across databases, there is substantial global variation in data timeliness, granularity (both spatially and by food category) and transparency. Data scarcity challenges are most pronounced for livestock and aquatic food production. These challenges are largely concentrated in Central America, the Middle East and Africa owing to a combination of inconsistent census implementation and a global reliance on self-reporting. Because data scarcity is the result of technical, institutional and political obstacles, solutions must include technological and policy innovations. Fusing traditional and emerging data-gathering techniques with coordinated governance and dedicated long-term financing will be key to overcoming current obstacles to sustained, up-to-date and accurate food production data collection, foundational in promoting and monitoring progress towards healthier and more sustainable food systems worldwide. Accurate and timely food production data are needed to promote food security and sustainability, but data scarcity exists across national and international levels. This Review examines data availability and reliability for crops, livestock and aquatic food production and recommends solutions to address data scarcity.
{"title":"Assessing and addressing the global state of food production data scarcity","authors":"Endalkachew Abebe Kebede, Hanan Abou Ali, Tyler Clavelle, Halley E. Froehlich, Jessica A. Gephart, Sarah Hartman, Mario Herrero, Hannah Kerner, Piyush Mehta, Catherine Nakalembe, Deepak K. Ray, Stefan Siebert, Philip Thornton, Kyle Frankel Davis","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00516-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00516-2","url":null,"abstract":"Food production data — such as crop, livestock, aquaculture and fisheries statistics — are critical to achieving multiple sustainable development goals. However, the lack of reliable, regularly collected, accessible, usable and spatially disaggregated statistics limits an accurate picture of the state of food production in many countries and prevents the implementation of effective food system interventions. In this Review, we take stock of national and international food production data to understand its availability and limitations. Across databases, there is substantial global variation in data timeliness, granularity (both spatially and by food category) and transparency. Data scarcity challenges are most pronounced for livestock and aquatic food production. These challenges are largely concentrated in Central America, the Middle East and Africa owing to a combination of inconsistent census implementation and a global reliance on self-reporting. Because data scarcity is the result of technical, institutional and political obstacles, solutions must include technological and policy innovations. Fusing traditional and emerging data-gathering techniques with coordinated governance and dedicated long-term financing will be key to overcoming current obstacles to sustained, up-to-date and accurate food production data collection, foundational in promoting and monitoring progress towards healthier and more sustainable food systems worldwide. Accurate and timely food production data are needed to promote food security and sustainability, but data scarcity exists across national and international levels. This Review examines data availability and reliability for crops, livestock and aquatic food production and recommends solutions to address data scarcity.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-024-00516-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139924801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1038/s43017-023-00509-7
Edward Hanna, Dániel Topál, Jason E. Box, Sammie Buzzard, Frazer D. W. Christie, Christine Hvidberg, Mathieu Morlighem, Laura De Santis, Alessandro Silvano, Florence Colleoni, Ingo Sasgen, Alison F. Banwell, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Robert DeConto, Jan De Rydt, Heiko Goelzer, Alexandra Gossart, G. Hilmar Gudmundsson, Katrin Lindbäck, Bertie Miles, Ruth Mottram, Frank Pattyn, Ronja Reese, Eric Rignot, Aakriti Srivastava, Sainan Sun, Justin Toller, Peter A. Tuckett, Lizz Ultee
The variability of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets occurs on various timescales and is important for projections of sea level rise; however, there are substantial uncertainties concerning future ice-sheet mass changes. In this Review, we explore the degree to which short-term fluctuations and extreme glaciological events reflect the ice sheets’ long-term evolution and response to ongoing climate change. Short-term (decadal or shorter) variations in atmospheric or oceanic conditions can trigger amplifying feedbacks that increase the sensitivity of ice sheets to climate change. For example, variability in ocean-induced and atmosphere-induced melting can trigger ice thinning, retreat and/or collapse of ice shelves, grounding-line retreat, and ice flow acceleration. The Antarctic Ice Sheet is especially prone to increased melting and ice sheet collapse from warm ocean currents, which could be accentuated with increased climate variability. In Greenland both high and low melt anomalies have been observed since 2012, highlighting the influence of increased interannual climate variability on extreme glaciological events and ice sheet evolution. Failing to adequately account for such variability can result in biased projections of multi-decadal ice mass loss. Therefore, future research should aim to improve climate and ocean observations and models, and develop sophisticated ice sheet models that are directly constrained by observational records and can capture ice dynamical changes across various timescales. The different contributions of long-term and short-term variability to the evolution of ice sheets lead to substantial uncertainties in ice sheet models. This Review describes the response of ice sheets to oceanic, atmospheric and hydrological processes across a range of timescales.
{"title":"Short- and long-term variability of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets","authors":"Edward Hanna, Dániel Topál, Jason E. Box, Sammie Buzzard, Frazer D. W. Christie, Christine Hvidberg, Mathieu Morlighem, Laura De Santis, Alessandro Silvano, Florence Colleoni, Ingo Sasgen, Alison F. Banwell, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Robert DeConto, Jan De Rydt, Heiko Goelzer, Alexandra Gossart, G. Hilmar Gudmundsson, Katrin Lindbäck, Bertie Miles, Ruth Mottram, Frank Pattyn, Ronja Reese, Eric Rignot, Aakriti Srivastava, Sainan Sun, Justin Toller, Peter A. Tuckett, Lizz Ultee","doi":"10.1038/s43017-023-00509-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-023-00509-7","url":null,"abstract":"The variability of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets occurs on various timescales and is important for projections of sea level rise; however, there are substantial uncertainties concerning future ice-sheet mass changes. In this Review, we explore the degree to which short-term fluctuations and extreme glaciological events reflect the ice sheets’ long-term evolution and response to ongoing climate change. Short-term (decadal or shorter) variations in atmospheric or oceanic conditions can trigger amplifying feedbacks that increase the sensitivity of ice sheets to climate change. For example, variability in ocean-induced and atmosphere-induced melting can trigger ice thinning, retreat and/or collapse of ice shelves, grounding-line retreat, and ice flow acceleration. The Antarctic Ice Sheet is especially prone to increased melting and ice sheet collapse from warm ocean currents, which could be accentuated with increased climate variability. In Greenland both high and low melt anomalies have been observed since 2012, highlighting the influence of increased interannual climate variability on extreme glaciological events and ice sheet evolution. Failing to adequately account for such variability can result in biased projections of multi-decadal ice mass loss. Therefore, future research should aim to improve climate and ocean observations and models, and develop sophisticated ice sheet models that are directly constrained by observational records and can capture ice dynamical changes across various timescales. The different contributions of long-term and short-term variability to the evolution of ice sheets lead to substantial uncertainties in ice sheet models. This Review describes the response of ice sheets to oceanic, atmospheric and hydrological processes across a range of timescales.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139763607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00522-4
Hao Ding
Hao Ding outlines the use of compact inverse Compton scattering sources to study the characteristics of radionuclides that can damage the environment.
丁浩概述了如何利用紧凑型反康普顿散射源来研究可能破坏环境的放射性核素的特性。
{"title":"Compact inverse Compton scattering sources to characterize and map radionuclides","authors":"Hao Ding","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00522-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00522-4","url":null,"abstract":"Hao Ding outlines the use of compact inverse Compton scattering sources to study the characteristics of radionuclides that can damage the environment.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139754251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1038/s43017-023-00514-w
Vincent Vadez, Alexandre Grondin, Karine Chenu, Amelia Henry, Laurent Laplaze, Emilie J. Millet, Andrea Carminati
Drought limits crop productivity and threatens global food security, with moderate drought stress — when crops grow at a reduced rate — commonly experienced. Increasing plant tolerance to moderate drought is a key target for adaptation and management, but efforts to understand and increase drought tolerance often focus on more extreme drought that causes complete crop failure and only consider crop genetics. In this Review, we discuss the influence of moderate drought on crop productivity and the role of physiological traits in drought tolerance and adaptation. Traits related to crop water use, water capture, water availability, transpiration efficiency and phenology impact drought adaptation, but their overall effect varies situationally. For example, early restrictions in transpiration, higher transpiration efficiency or altered tillering increase water availability during grain filling and can double yield in some drought scenarios. However, these same traits under less severe drought scenarios can also lead to yield penalties. To assess when and under what conditions traits will be beneficial, crop models are used to integrate the effects of genetics, the environment and management, estimating the expected yield responses under these combinations of scenarios and traits. More robust characterization of moderate drought tolerance and better integration between plant genetic information and modelling will enable the local selection of crop varieties suited to the expected drought scenarios. Moderate drought occurs widely, impacting crop yield. This Review discusses crop traits that can confer drought tolerance, the role of the environment and management, and how crop models predict their potential impact on yield.
{"title":"Crop traits and production under drought","authors":"Vincent Vadez, Alexandre Grondin, Karine Chenu, Amelia Henry, Laurent Laplaze, Emilie J. Millet, Andrea Carminati","doi":"10.1038/s43017-023-00514-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-023-00514-w","url":null,"abstract":"Drought limits crop productivity and threatens global food security, with moderate drought stress — when crops grow at a reduced rate — commonly experienced. Increasing plant tolerance to moderate drought is a key target for adaptation and management, but efforts to understand and increase drought tolerance often focus on more extreme drought that causes complete crop failure and only consider crop genetics. In this Review, we discuss the influence of moderate drought on crop productivity and the role of physiological traits in drought tolerance and adaptation. Traits related to crop water use, water capture, water availability, transpiration efficiency and phenology impact drought adaptation, but their overall effect varies situationally. For example, early restrictions in transpiration, higher transpiration efficiency or altered tillering increase water availability during grain filling and can double yield in some drought scenarios. However, these same traits under less severe drought scenarios can also lead to yield penalties. To assess when and under what conditions traits will be beneficial, crop models are used to integrate the effects of genetics, the environment and management, estimating the expected yield responses under these combinations of scenarios and traits. More robust characterization of moderate drought tolerance and better integration between plant genetic information and modelling will enable the local selection of crop varieties suited to the expected drought scenarios. Moderate drought occurs widely, impacting crop yield. This Review discusses crop traits that can confer drought tolerance, the role of the environment and management, and how crop models predict their potential impact on yield.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139763671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00520-6
Ana Cristina Vasquez
Ana Cristina Vasquez discusses how Cu isotopes can trace metal pollution sources from anthropogenic activities, such as urban pollution, traffic emissions, mining and smelting
{"title":"Cu isotopes as tracers of anthropogenic pollution","authors":"Ana Cristina Vasquez","doi":"10.1038/s43017-024-00520-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-024-00520-6","url":null,"abstract":"Ana Cristina Vasquez discusses how Cu isotopes can trace metal pollution sources from anthropogenic activities, such as urban pollution, traffic emissions, mining and smelting","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139668666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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