Pub Date : 2025-06-25DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00695-6
Supriya Mathew, Clare Davis
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Associate Professor Supriya Mathew from Menzies School of Health Research about their project investigating the effects of extreme heat on First Nations people in remote Australia and ways to reduce the health risks.
{"title":"The effects of extreme heat on First Nations people in remote Australia","authors":"Supriya Mathew, Clare Davis","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00695-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00695-6","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Associate Professor Supriya Mathew from Menzies School of Health Research about their project investigating the effects of extreme heat on First Nations people in remote Australia and ways to reduce the health risks.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 7","pages":"438-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-24DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00701-x
Kevin Rozmiarek
Kevin Rozmiarek describes how samples of water-vapour isotopes obtained by drones can be used to explore the dynamics of the hydrological cycle.
Kevin Rozmiarek描述了如何使用无人机获得的水蒸气同位素样本来探索水文循环的动力学。
{"title":"Collecting atmospheric air with drones","authors":"Kevin Rozmiarek","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00701-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00701-x","url":null,"abstract":"Kevin Rozmiarek describes how samples of water-vapour isotopes obtained by drones can be used to explore the dynamics of the hydrological cycle.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 10","pages":"634-634"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00692-9
Vincent Gauci
Tree surfaces facilitate methane (CH4) exchange between terrestrial systems and the atmosphere. In this Perspective, I consider methane emission and uptake in trees, the underlying mechanisms and their response to environmental changes. Methane emitted from trees predominantly originates in soils, being transferred through the stem. The highest tree methane emissions occur in waterlogged soil conditions. As such, trees in wetland and riparian forests are a net source of methane, with topical wetland trees emitting up to ~44 Tg CH4 yr−1. By comparison, trees on free-draining upland soils are a net sink of methane on the order of 50 Tg CH4 yr−1, with microbially mediated methanotrophy along the soil–tree continuum dominating the vertical attenuation of soil-derived methane fluxes. Latitude (temperature) and nutrient status also influence net methane exchange. For example, tree methane emissions in the more nutrient-replete Amazon floodplain are up to 1,000-fold higher than those in ombrotrophic peat swamps of Panama and Borneo. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations are predicted to enhance wetland tree methane emissions and reduce upland tree net methane uptake, with the latter effect probably being strongest. Evidence from ice core records suggests that notable changes in global forest cover in the Americas in the 1500s following European first contact might have reduced global atmospheric methane concentrations by up to 50 ppb, indicating that forest area influence over the global methane budget is potentially substantial. Future research should better quantify tree methane exchange responses to environmental changes and reduce uncertainty in the global methane budgets. Tree methane exchange is an important component of the terrestrial and global methane budget. This Perspective explores the mechanisms underlying why wetland trees are a net source of methane to the atmosphere and upland trees are a net sink, and the effect environmental changes will have on these processes.
树木表面促进陆地系统和大气之间的甲烷（CH4）交换。在这个视角中，我考虑了树木的甲烷排放和吸收，潜在的机制及其对环境变化的响应。树木排放的甲烷主要来源于土壤，通过树干转移。最高的树木甲烷排放发生在涝渍土壤条件下。因此，湿地和河岸林中的树木是甲烷的净来源，局部湿地树木排放高达~44 Tg CH4 yr - 1。相比之下，自由排水旱地土壤上的树木是50 Tg CH4 yr - 1量级的甲烷净汇，土壤-树木连续体上微生物介导的甲烷化作用主导了土壤甲烷通量的垂直衰减。纬度（温度）和营养状况也影响甲烷净交换。例如，在营养更丰富的亚马逊洪泛区，树木的甲烷排放量比巴拿马和婆罗洲的营养型泥炭沼泽高出1000倍。预计大气CO2浓度升高会增加湿地树木的甲烷排放，减少旱地树木的净甲烷吸收量，后者的效应可能最强。来自冰芯记录的证据表明，16世纪欧洲人首次与美洲接触后，美洲全球森林覆盖的显著变化可能使全球大气甲烷浓度减少了50 ppb，这表明森林面积对全球甲烷收支的影响可能是巨大的。未来的研究应更好地量化树木甲烷交换对环境变化的响应，减少全球甲烷收支的不确定性。树木甲烷交换是陆地和全球甲烷收支的重要组成部分。本展望探讨了湿地树木是大气甲烷净来源而高地树木是大气甲烷净汇的机制，以及环境变化对这些过程的影响。
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Pub Date : 2025-06-13DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00686-7
Beatrice Asenso Barnieh, Clare Davis
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Beatrice Asenso Barnieh about their project investigating water quality in Ghana.
《自然评论：地球与环境》就加纳水质调查项目采访了Beatrice Asenso Barnieh。
{"title":"Monitoring anthropogenic impacts on water quality in Ghana with remote sensing","authors":"Beatrice Asenso Barnieh, Clare Davis","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00686-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00686-7","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Beatrice Asenso Barnieh about their project investigating water quality in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 6","pages":"378-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-13DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00685-8
Hannah Whitby, Clare Davis
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Hannah Whitby about their Royal Society International Exchanges grant.
《自然评论：地球与环境》就皇家学会国际交流基金采访了汉娜·惠特比。
{"title":"Effects of ocean alkalinity enhancement on marine diazotrophs","authors":"Hannah Whitby, Clare Davis","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00685-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00685-8","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Hannah Whitby about their Royal Society International Exchanges grant.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 6","pages":"380-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-13DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00694-7
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment is pleased to launch a new fellowship Q&A series to introduce newly funded projects and share tips on how to approach proposal writing and the application process.
{"title":"Sharing the secrets of successful grant applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00694-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00694-7","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment is pleased to launch a new fellowship Q&A series to introduce newly funded projects and share tips on how to approach proposal writing and the application process.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 6","pages":"377-377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-025-00694-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-13DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00687-6
Alberto Caracciolo, Clare Davis
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Alberto Caracciolo about their project investigating the petrology and paleomagnetism of Holocene eruptions in the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, with implications for the ongoing eruptive cycle.
{"title":"Hazard implications of the ongoing eruptive cycle at the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland","authors":"Alberto Caracciolo, Clare Davis","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00687-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00687-6","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Alberto Caracciolo about their project investigating the petrology and paleomagnetism of Holocene eruptions in the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, with implications for the ongoing eruptive cycle.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 6","pages":"379-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-12DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00683-w
Stefan Giljum, Victor Maus, Laura Sonter, Sebastian Luckeneder, Tim Werner, Stephan Lutter, Julia Gershenzon, Megan J. Cole, Juliana Siqueira-Gay, Anthony Bebbington
Global metal extraction is increasing, owing to rising mineral demands from infrastructure development and the growing need for metal-intensive renewable energy technologies to mitigate climate change and phase out coal mining. However, extraction of metal ores also drives impacts on land use, water resources and biodiversity. In this Review, we evaluate mining trends of 47 metal ores between 1970 and 2022 and explore the environmental consequences. Global extraction of crude metal ores has nearly quadrupled, from 2.7 gigatonnes (Gt) in 1970 to almost 9.4 Gt in 2022, with the greatest increases in Oceania (+1,222%), South America (+929%) and Asia (+285%). Ore-specific mining activities are generally concentrated, with the top-five producers contributing on average 82.7% of the global supply in 2022. The impacts of mining are also concentrated. In 2022, about 50% of the 100,000 km2 global mining areas were located in Russia, China, Australia, the United States and Indonesia. Mining-induced water consumption, pollution and biodiversity loss substantially affect local ecosystems, with tropical rainforests and deserts being especially vulnerable. Around 70% of global metal extraction is linked to international supply chains. Enhanced environmental assessments, stricter implementation of policies, and coordinated actions across sectors throughout supply chains (mining, processing, consumers and financial markets) can help to mitigate the environmental impacts of mining. Global metal ore extraction has increased almost fourfold since 1970. This Review explores the drivers, patterns and environmental consequences of the growth of metal ore extraction and discusses interventions to reduce negative impacts across metal supply chains.
{"title":"Metal mining is a global driver of environmental change","authors":"Stefan Giljum, Victor Maus, Laura Sonter, Sebastian Luckeneder, Tim Werner, Stephan Lutter, Julia Gershenzon, Megan J. Cole, Juliana Siqueira-Gay, Anthony Bebbington","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00683-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00683-w","url":null,"abstract":"Global metal extraction is increasing, owing to rising mineral demands from infrastructure development and the growing need for metal-intensive renewable energy technologies to mitigate climate change and phase out coal mining. However, extraction of metal ores also drives impacts on land use, water resources and biodiversity. In this Review, we evaluate mining trends of 47 metal ores between 1970 and 2022 and explore the environmental consequences. Global extraction of crude metal ores has nearly quadrupled, from 2.7 gigatonnes (Gt) in 1970 to almost 9.4 Gt in 2022, with the greatest increases in Oceania (+1,222%), South America (+929%) and Asia (+285%). Ore-specific mining activities are generally concentrated, with the top-five producers contributing on average 82.7% of the global supply in 2022. The impacts of mining are also concentrated. In 2022, about 50% of the 100,000 km2 global mining areas were located in Russia, China, Australia, the United States and Indonesia. Mining-induced water consumption, pollution and biodiversity loss substantially affect local ecosystems, with tropical rainforests and deserts being especially vulnerable. Around 70% of global metal extraction is linked to international supply chains. Enhanced environmental assessments, stricter implementation of policies, and coordinated actions across sectors throughout supply chains (mining, processing, consumers and financial markets) can help to mitigate the environmental impacts of mining. Global metal ore extraction has increased almost fourfold since 1970. This Review explores the drivers, patterns and environmental consequences of the growth of metal ore extraction and discusses interventions to reduce negative impacts across metal supply chains.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 7","pages":"441-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-12DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00689-4
Antaya March, Samuel Winton
Negotiations for the Global Plastics Treaty are yet to reach an agreement owing to structural challenges and voting deadlocks. To move forwards, we need clear and comprehensive definitions of plastic pollution through its entire lifecycle, efforts to resolve procedural deadlocks and coordinated action from ambitious countries.
{"title":"Unlocking opportunities to fulfil the Global Plastics Treaty","authors":"Antaya March, Samuel Winton","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00689-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00689-4","url":null,"abstract":"Negotiations for the Global Plastics Treaty are yet to reach an agreement owing to structural challenges and voting deadlocks. To move forwards, we need clear and comprehensive definitions of plastic pollution through its entire lifecycle, efforts to resolve procedural deadlocks and coordinated action from ambitious countries.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 7","pages":"435-436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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