Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00722-6
Qingsong Jiang, Yanxin Sun, Erik Jeppesen, John P. Smol, Donald Scavia, Robert E. Hecky, Thomas Mehner, Yue Qin, Yindong Tong, Boqiang Qin, K. David Hambright, Xiaowei Jin, Jincheng Li, Kaikui Cai, Zhen Wu, Yong Liu
Global lake research is skewed toward economically and socially developed regions, overlooking remote areas. Enhancing resilience and fostering synergistic approaches could help redress these inequities.
{"title":"Persistent inequities in global lake science","authors":"Qingsong Jiang, Yanxin Sun, Erik Jeppesen, John P. Smol, Donald Scavia, Robert E. Hecky, Thomas Mehner, Yue Qin, Yindong Tong, Boqiang Qin, K. David Hambright, Xiaowei Jin, Jincheng Li, Kaikui Cai, Zhen Wu, Yong Liu","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00722-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00722-6","url":null,"abstract":"Global lake research is skewed toward economically and socially developed regions, overlooking remote areas. Enhancing resilience and fostering synergistic approaches could help redress these inequities.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 10","pages":"629-631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00731-5
Eugenia Dinivitzer
An article in Nature Communications finds that low-income countries will face greater exposure to future climate extremes than high-income countries.
《自然通讯》的一篇文章发现，低收入国家将比高收入国家更容易受到未来极端气候的影响。
{"title":"Climate extremes, unequal burdens","authors":"Eugenia Dinivitzer","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00731-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00731-5","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Communications finds that low-income countries will face greater exposure to future climate extremes than high-income countries.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 10","pages":"636-636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00713-7
David J. Beerling, Christopher T. Reinhard, Rachael H. James, Anu Khan, Nick Pidgeon, Noah J. Planavsky
Terrestrial enhanced weathering (EW) on agricultural lands is a proposed carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technology involving the amendment of soils with crushed base cation-rich rocks, such as basalt. Over a quarter of a billion dollars have been raised by commercial EW start-ups across the globe, accelerating the deployment of EW at scale. In this Review, we outline the scientific knowledge and policy requirements for scaling EW. The global CDR potential of EW is 0.5–2 Gt CO2 year by 2050. Tracking carbon as it is transferred from soils (cradle) to the oceans (grave), fully considering and quantifying lag times in CDR and developing a robust framework of monitoring, reporting and verification of CDR are all important for understanding the performance of EW deployments. Policies aimed at incentivizing responsible deployment and gaining acceptability among directly impacted communities, such as agriculture, are essential to sustainable and long-term growth of EW. High initial prices, the lack of consistent methodology for issuing carbon credits and lifecycle carbon emissions associated with a deployment are the main challenges of scaling EW through the voluntary carbon market. Future research needs to explore the co-deployment of EW and other CDR technologies and utilize long-term (>10 years) instrumented EW field trials to evaluate processes that regulate CDR efficiency and agronomic and economic co-benefits. Commercial investment in enhanced rock weathering for carbon dioxide removal on agricultural lands is growing rapidly. This Review explores the potential of large-scale deployment, outlining the challenges faced in science, policy and governance to scale the technology.
{"title":"Challenges and opportunities in scaling enhanced weathering for carbon dioxide removal","authors":"David J. Beerling, Christopher T. Reinhard, Rachael H. James, Anu Khan, Nick Pidgeon, Noah J. Planavsky","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00713-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00713-7","url":null,"abstract":"Terrestrial enhanced weathering (EW) on agricultural lands is a proposed carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technology involving the amendment of soils with crushed base cation-rich rocks, such as basalt. Over a quarter of a billion dollars have been raised by commercial EW start-ups across the globe, accelerating the deployment of EW at scale. In this Review, we outline the scientific knowledge and policy requirements for scaling EW. The global CDR potential of EW is 0.5–2 Gt CO2 year by 2050. Tracking carbon as it is transferred from soils (cradle) to the oceans (grave), fully considering and quantifying lag times in CDR and developing a robust framework of monitoring, reporting and verification of CDR are all important for understanding the performance of EW deployments. Policies aimed at incentivizing responsible deployment and gaining acceptability among directly impacted communities, such as agriculture, are essential to sustainable and long-term growth of EW. High initial prices, the lack of consistent methodology for issuing carbon credits and lifecycle carbon emissions associated with a deployment are the main challenges of scaling EW through the voluntary carbon market. Future research needs to explore the co-deployment of EW and other CDR technologies and utilize long-term (>10 years) instrumented EW field trials to evaluate processes that regulate CDR efficiency and agronomic and economic co-benefits. Commercial investment in enhanced rock weathering for carbon dioxide removal on agricultural lands is growing rapidly. This Review explores the potential of large-scale deployment, outlining the challenges faced in science, policy and governance to scale the technology.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 10","pages":"672-686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00732-4
Bing Xue
An article in Nature Communications finds that age and education are important demographic factors influencing migration responses to climate change.
《自然通讯》上的一篇文章发现，年龄和教育是影响移民对气候变化反应的重要人口因素。
{"title":"Who moves under climate stress","authors":"Bing Xue","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00732-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00732-4","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Communications finds that age and education are important demographic factors influencing migration responses to climate change.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 10","pages":"635-635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00733-3
Rebecca G. Topness
Rebecca Topness explains how lake proxy system models support insights into past climate.
Rebecca Topness解释了湖泊代理系统模型如何支持对过去气候的了解。
{"title":"Models translate lake mud into useful climate variables","authors":"Rebecca G. Topness","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00733-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00733-3","url":null,"abstract":"Rebecca Topness explains how lake proxy system models support insights into past climate.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 12","pages":"770-770"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145695651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00723-5
Arpita Mondal, Clare Davis
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Arpita Mondal from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay about their project investigating the attribution of urban flood response to climate change and stormwater management practices.
{"title":"Urban flood response to climate change and stormwater management practices","authors":"Arpita Mondal, Clare Davis","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00723-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00723-5","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Arpita Mondal from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay about their project investigating the attribution of urban flood response to climate change and stormwater management practices.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 11","pages":"688-688"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145450129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00718-2
Shuai Wang (, ), Shuang Song (, ), Haoyu Zhang (, ), Lu Yu (, ), Chentai Jiao (, ), Changjia Li (, ), Xutong Wu (, ), Wenwu Zhao (, ), Jim Best, Patrick Roberts, Bojie Fu (, )
The Yellow River Basin supports a population of 200 million people and contains 15% of arable land in China. Water scarcity in the region is being exacerbated by climate change and human activities. In this Review, we discuss anthropogenic impacts on the hydrological cycle and sediment dynamics of the Yellow River since the 1950s. The Yellow River had one of the largest sediment loads in the world, peaking at 2.1 Gt yr−1 in 1958. Such high sediment loads elevated flood risk; therefore, reservoirs, conservation and revegetation projects were implemented, reducing sediment transport by 90% since the 1980s. However, these efforts also impacted the hydrology of the Yellow River Basin, leading to an increase in evapotranspiration fluxes (1.79 mm yr−2, 1980–2020) and reduced runoff. In addition, human water use has increased by 15.8% since the 1980s. The resulting reductions in soil water storage and intensification of the vertical water cycle foreshadow potential resource crises and will potentially lead to irreversible ecosystem degradation. Predicting the outcomes of water management policies and engineering projects is essential but highly complex owing to feedback loops and interactions between human activities and hydrological changes. Addressing these challenges, which are also faced by other arid-region rivers, will require dynamic monitoring of water storage and improved understanding of human–hydrological interactions. Anthropogenic pressures threaten water sustainability and ecological integrity in the Yellow River Basin. This Review outlines changes in water cycling and sediment loads in the region since the 1950s and discusses the impacts of demographic shifts, patterns of water use, land use transformations and socioeconomic development.
黄河流域供养着2亿人口，拥有中国15%的可耕地。气候变化和人类活动加剧了该地区的水资源短缺。本文讨论了20世纪50年代以来人类活动对黄河水循环和泥沙动态的影响。黄河是世界上含沙量最大的河流之一，1958年达到峰值2.1亿吨/年。如此高的泥沙负荷增加了洪水风险；因此，实施了水库、涵养和植被恢复工程，自20世纪80年代以来，输沙量减少了90%。然而，这些努力也影响了黄河流域的水文，导致蒸散发通量增加（1.79 mm yr - 2, 1980-2020）和径流减少。此外，自20世纪80年代以来，人类用水增加了15.8%。由此导致的土壤储水量减少和垂直水循环的加剧预示着潜在的资源危机，并可能导致不可逆转的生态系统退化。预测水管理政策和工程项目的结果至关重要，但由于人类活动和水文变化之间的反馈循环和相互作用，预测结果非常复杂。要解决其他干旱地区河流也面临的这些挑战，需要对储水量进行动态监测，并提高对人类与水文相互作用的理解。人为压力威胁着黄河流域水资源的可持续性和生态完整性。本文概述了20世纪50年代以来该地区水循环和泥沙负荷的变化，并讨论了人口变化、水利用模式、土地利用转变和社会经济发展的影响。
{"title":"Anthropogenic impacts on the Yellow River Basin","authors":"Shuai Wang \u0000 (, ), Shuang Song \u0000 (, ), Haoyu Zhang \u0000 (, ), Lu Yu \u0000 (, ), Chentai Jiao \u0000 (, ), Changjia Li \u0000 (, ), Xutong Wu \u0000 (, ), Wenwu Zhao \u0000 (, ), Jim Best, Patrick Roberts, Bojie Fu \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00718-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00718-2","url":null,"abstract":"The Yellow River Basin supports a population of 200 million people and contains 15% of arable land in China. Water scarcity in the region is being exacerbated by climate change and human activities. In this Review, we discuss anthropogenic impacts on the hydrological cycle and sediment dynamics of the Yellow River since the 1950s. The Yellow River had one of the largest sediment loads in the world, peaking at 2.1 Gt yr−1 in 1958. Such high sediment loads elevated flood risk; therefore, reservoirs, conservation and revegetation projects were implemented, reducing sediment transport by 90% since the 1980s. However, these efforts also impacted the hydrology of the Yellow River Basin, leading to an increase in evapotranspiration fluxes (1.79 mm yr−2, 1980–2020) and reduced runoff. In addition, human water use has increased by 15.8% since the 1980s. The resulting reductions in soil water storage and intensification of the vertical water cycle foreshadow potential resource crises and will potentially lead to irreversible ecosystem degradation. Predicting the outcomes of water management policies and engineering projects is essential but highly complex owing to feedback loops and interactions between human activities and hydrological changes. Addressing these challenges, which are also faced by other arid-region rivers, will require dynamic monitoring of water storage and improved understanding of human–hydrological interactions. Anthropogenic pressures threaten water sustainability and ecological integrity in the Yellow River Basin. This Review outlines changes in water cycling and sediment loads in the region since the 1950s and discusses the impacts of demographic shifts, patterns of water use, land use transformations and socioeconomic development.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 10","pages":"656-671"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00725-3
Annaliese Meyer
Annaliese Meyer explains how an autonomous underwater vehicle can filter large volumes of water for high resolution marine omic sampling.
Annaliese Meyer解释了自主水下航行器如何过滤大量水以进行高分辨率海洋生物采样。
{"title":"High resolution marine omics sampling using an autonomous underwater vehicle","authors":"Annaliese Meyer","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00725-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00725-3","url":null,"abstract":"Annaliese Meyer explains how an autonomous underwater vehicle can filter large volumes of water for high resolution marine omic sampling.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 11","pages":"689-689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145450130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-26DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00711-9
Jo E. Sias, Eshan V. Dave, B. Shane Underwood, Benjamin F. Bowers, John T. Harvey, Theunis F. P. Henning, Susan L. Tighe, Jennifer M. Jacobs, Maria Pregnolato, Yaning Qiao, Ellen Mecray, Amir Golalipour, Alondra Chamorro, Philip Hendrick
Roadways provide safe and efficient transport and are essential to the function of societies and economies. However, climate change increasingly pushes pavements beyond their engineering limits, leading to deterioration. In this Review, we explore the impacts of climate change on roadways and approaches to mitigate them. Roadways are vulnerable to changes in temperature, precipitation and sea level rise driven by climate change. High temperatures soften asphalt pavements, causing rutting, which is projected to increase by 2% per 1% increase in mean temperature. Increased moisture in the underlying soil caused by precipitation and sea level rise reduces the load-bearing capacity of roadways for months and in some cases halves their lifetime. Roadway closures due to extreme weather events or resulting reconstruction cause delays and detours; by 2100, high tide flooding in the USA is expected to cause delays of 3.4 billion vehicle-hours per year. Climate change is projected to increase national annual costs of pavement maintenance by over US$500 million on average by 2050, depending on the country. Adaptation strategies include adjusting the type of asphalt, reinforcing concrete with steel, stabilizing gravel roads and adding nature-based features. Rapid implementation of policies, guidance on evaluating adaptation alternatives and exploration of the combined impacts of multiple climate stressors are needed. Roadways are damaged by temperature extremes, increased precipitation and sea level rise. This Review discusses the mechanisms and impacts of climate stressors on roadways, the resulting operational and maintenance challenges, and strategies to increase resilience.
{"title":"Climate change impacts on roadways","authors":"Jo E. Sias, Eshan V. Dave, B. Shane Underwood, Benjamin F. Bowers, John T. Harvey, Theunis F. P. Henning, Susan L. Tighe, Jennifer M. Jacobs, Maria Pregnolato, Yaning Qiao, Ellen Mecray, Amir Golalipour, Alondra Chamorro, Philip Hendrick","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00711-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00711-9","url":null,"abstract":"Roadways provide safe and efficient transport and are essential to the function of societies and economies. However, climate change increasingly pushes pavements beyond their engineering limits, leading to deterioration. In this Review, we explore the impacts of climate change on roadways and approaches to mitigate them. Roadways are vulnerable to changes in temperature, precipitation and sea level rise driven by climate change. High temperatures soften asphalt pavements, causing rutting, which is projected to increase by 2% per 1% increase in mean temperature. Increased moisture in the underlying soil caused by precipitation and sea level rise reduces the load-bearing capacity of roadways for months and in some cases halves their lifetime. Roadway closures due to extreme weather events or resulting reconstruction cause delays and detours; by 2100, high tide flooding in the USA is expected to cause delays of 3.4 billion vehicle-hours per year. Climate change is projected to increase national annual costs of pavement maintenance by over US$500 million on average by 2050, depending on the country. Adaptation strategies include adjusting the type of asphalt, reinforcing concrete with steel, stabilizing gravel roads and adding nature-based features. Rapid implementation of policies, guidance on evaluating adaptation alternatives and exploration of the combined impacts of multiple climate stressors are needed. Roadways are damaged by temperature extremes, increased precipitation and sea level rise. This Review discusses the mechanisms and impacts of climate stressors on roadways, the resulting operational and maintenance challenges, and strategies to increase resilience.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 9","pages":"555-573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00716-4
Clare Davis
An article in Environmental Research Letters finds that natural aerosols contribute to over half of the excess deaths attributed to fine particulate matter exposure in Africa.
{"title":"Ashes to ashes, dust to dust","authors":"Clare Davis","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00716-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00716-4","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Environmental Research Letters finds that natural aerosols contribute to over half of the excess deaths attributed to fine particulate matter exposure in Africa.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 9","pages":"552-552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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