Nature Reviews Earth & Environment最新文献

{"title":"High resolution marine omics sampling using an autonomous underwater vehicle","authors":"Annaliese Meyer","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00725-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00725-3","url":null,"abstract":"Annaliese Meyer explains how an autonomous underwater vehicle can filter large volumes of water for high resolution marine omic sampling.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 11","pages":"689-689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145450130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change impacts on roadways","authors":"Jo E. Sias, Eshan V. Dave, B. Shane Underwood, Benjamin F. Bowers, John T. Harvey, Theunis F. P. Henning, Susan L. Tighe, Jennifer M. Jacobs, Maria Pregnolato, Yaning Qiao, Ellen Mecray, Amir Golalipour, Alondra Chamorro, Philip Hendrick","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00711-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00711-9","url":null,"abstract":"Roadways provide safe and efficient transport and are essential to the function of societies and economies. However, climate change increasingly pushes pavements beyond their engineering limits, leading to deterioration. In this Review, we explore the impacts of climate change on roadways and approaches to mitigate them. Roadways are vulnerable to changes in temperature, precipitation and sea level rise driven by climate change. High temperatures soften asphalt pavements, causing rutting, which is projected to increase by 2% per 1% increase in mean temperature. Increased moisture in the underlying soil caused by precipitation and sea level rise reduces the load-bearing capacity of roadways for months and in some cases halves their lifetime. Roadway closures due to extreme weather events or resulting reconstruction cause delays and detours; by 2100, high tide flooding in the USA is expected to cause delays of 3.4 billion vehicle-hours per year. Climate change is projected to increase national annual costs of pavement maintenance by over US$500 million on average by 2050, depending on the country. Adaptation strategies include adjusting the type of asphalt, reinforcing concrete with steel, stabilizing gravel roads and adding nature-based features. Rapid implementation of policies, guidance on evaluating adaptation alternatives and exploration of the combined impacts of multiple climate stressors are needed. Roadways are damaged by temperature extremes, increased precipitation and sea level rise. This Review discusses the mechanisms and impacts of climate stressors on roadways, the resulting operational and maintenance challenges, and strategies to increase resilience.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 9","pages":"555-573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ashes to ashes, dust to dust","authors":"Clare Davis","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00716-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00716-4","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Environmental Research Letters finds that natural aerosols contribute to over half of the excess deaths attributed to fine particulate matter exposure in Africa.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 9","pages":"552-552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate goals, mineral gaps","authors":"Mustafa Moinuddin","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00720-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00720-8","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Climate Change finds mineral shortage risks could delay solar photovoltaic and nuclear power deployments in some developing regions.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 9","pages":"554-554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Antarctic sea ice secrets with AI and geostatistics to decode snow impacts","authors":"Lu Zhou, Clare Davis","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00714-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00714-6","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Lu Zhou about their project investigating how snow cover influences Antarctic sea ice mass balance and climate.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 10","pages":"632-632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flames before summer","authors":"Graham Simpkins","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00719-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00719-1","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Science Advances demonstrates that fire onset has shifted ~45 days earlier on average in California owing to anthropogenic warming.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 9","pages":"553-553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme and compound events in lakes","authors":"R. Iestyn Woolway, Yunlin Zhang, Eleanor Jennings, Tamar Zohary, Stephen F. Jane, Joachim Jansen, Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer, Di Long, Ayan Fleischmann, Lian Feng, Boqiang Qin, Kun Shi, Haoran Shi, Weijia Wang, Yan Tong, Guoqing Zhang, Jakob Zscheischler, Ze Ren, Erik Jeppesen","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00710-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00710-w","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme and compound events disrupt lake ecosystems worldwide, with their frequency, intensity and duration increasing in response to climate change. In this Review we outline evidence of the occurrence, drivers and impact of extreme and compound events in lakes. Univariate extremes, which include lake heatwaves, droughts and floods, underwater dimming episodes and hypoxia, can occur concurrently, sequentially or simultaneously at different locations to form multivariate, temporal or spatial compound events, respectively. The probability of extreme and compound events is increasing owing to climate warming, declining lake water levels in half of lakes globally, and basin-scale anthropogenic stressors, such as nutrient pollution. Most in-lake extreme events are inherently compound in nature owing to tightly coupled physical, chemical and biological underlying processes. The cascading effects of compound events propagate or dissipate through lakes. For example, a heatwave might trigger stratification and oxygen depletion, subsequently leading to fish mortality or the proliferation of harmful algal blooms. Interactions between extremes are increasingly observed and can trigger feedback loops that exacerbate harmful algal blooms and fishery declines, leading to severe ecological and socio-economic consequences. Managing the increasing risk of compound events requires integrated models, coordinated monitoring and proactive adaptation strategies tailored to the vulnerabilities of lake ecosystems. Extreme and compound events in lakes are increasing in severity and frequency in response to climate change and basin-scale anthropogenic stressors. This Review explores the occurrence, drivers and impact of such events, focusing on their physical and ecological drivers, impacts and management responses.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 9","pages":"593-611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of Earth’s early continental crust","authors":"Christopher L. Kirkland, Tim E. Johnson, Michael Brown, Hugh Smithies, Nadja Drabon, Craig O’Neill","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00706-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00706-6","url":null,"abstract":"Continental crust is fundamental to planetary habitability, providing the geochemical reservoirs and physical interfaces that drive and regulate exchanges among the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. However, the evolution of Earth’s crust is uncertain owing to debate regarding the competing roles of internal versus external energetic drivers. In this Review, we examine the interplay between internal and external drivers of the production, modification and destruction of crust on the early Earth using geochemical, geological and geophysical data. Internal drivers are potentially linked to plate tectonics and processes such as subduction (dripping) or delamination. External drivers from large meteorite impacts likely influenced crust formation by inducing rapid decompression melting of the mantle to form basaltic protocratons, the early, mantle-derived crustal nuclei that preceded stable continental crust. On a planet covered by water, protocratons might have been transformed by intracrustal differentiation into evolved (continental) crust. Future research into the processes driving Earth’s early evolution and habitability should consider a wide range of temporal and spatial scales from seconds to millions of years and the subgrain to the galactic, to uncover the long-wavelength patterns, in mantle overturn rates and impact flux preserved in deep-time records. Continental crust is important for Earth’s habitability. This Review explores how the formation and stabilization of Earth’s early continental crust was modulated by internal and external factors such as subduction and bolide impacts, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 9","pages":"612-625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrous oxide sources, mechanisms and mitigation","authors":"Guibing Zhu \u0000 (, ), Hao Shi \u0000 (, ), Lei Zhong \u0000 (, ), Guang He \u0000 (, ), Baozhan Wang \u0000 (, ), Jun Shan \u0000 (, ), Ping Han \u0000 (, ), Tongxu Liu \u0000 (, ), Shanyun Wang \u0000 (, ), Chunlei Liu \u0000 (, ), Nan Zhang \u0000 (, ), Liping Jiang \u0000 (, ), Longbin Yu \u0000 (, ), Chunhui Zhan \u0000 (, ), Ziyang Tang \u0000 (, ), Teng Wen \u0000 (, ), Bin Ma \u0000 (, ), Xiaoxuan Su \u0000 (, ), Shujun Zhang \u0000 (, ), Jinbo Zhang \u0000 (, ), Hongjie Di, Lijun Hou \u0000 (, ), Alexander H. Krichels, Mark Trimmer, Mike S. M. Jetten, Yongzhen Peng \u0000 (, ), Frank E. Löffler, Hanqin Tian \u0000 (, ), Yong-Guan Zhu \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00707-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00707-5","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting substance. In this Review, we outline global N2O sources, with a focus on hotspots and hot moments, and discuss strategies to mitigate N2O emissions. N2O can be released by natural sources such as bedrock weathering, but anthropogenic sources such as agriculture account for 40% of total emissions. Hotspots are localized regions of high emissions and include cropland soils (2.1 Tg N yr−1), tropical forests (1.55 Tg N yr−1), pasture soils with animal waste return (1.7 Tg N yr−1), and streams and small lakes (0.4 Tg N yr−1). Brief periods of intense emissions, known as hot moments, include post-deforestation, upland soils after fertilizer application, and desert and grasslands after precipitation. N2O production from terrestrial and aquatic environments is mainly driven by two microbial processes: nitrification and denitrification. Bioaugmentation and biogeoengineering technologies hold potential for reducing N2O emissions; for example, nature-based anammox hotspot geoengineering in Jiaxing, China, reduces N2O emissions by 27.1%. However, the spatiotemporal heterogeneities and different production pathways of N2O emissions are poorly represented in existing models, hindering the quantification and mitigation of emissions. A global N2O database is needed to address this limitation. Additionally, artificial intelligence technology could enable real-time agricultural management to align nitrogen supply with crop demand. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are continuously increasing owing to human activities. This Review discusses the temporal and spatial variability of N2O sources, N2O production pathways, and the potential of biogeoengineering strategies in agricultural soils and terrestrial water bodies to mitigate emissions.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 9","pages":"574-592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of earthquake- and climate change-induced cascading hazards","authors":"Xuanmei Fan, Xujia Jiang","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00712-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00712-8","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Xuanmei Fan about their projects investigating earthquake- and climate change-induced cascading hazards.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 9","pages":"549-549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}