Pub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00715-5
Lijing Cheng (, ), Guancheng Li (, ), Shang-Min Long (, ), Yuanlong Li (, ), Karina von Schuckmann, Kevin E. Trenberth, Michael E. Mann, John Abraham, Yan Du (, ), Xuhua Cheng (, ), Hailong Liu (, ), Zhenhua Xu (, ), Maofeng Liu (, ), Qihua Peng (, ), Xun Gong (, ), Zhanhong Ma (, ), Huifeng Yuan (, )
The ocean is highly stratified. Warm, fresh water sits on top of cold, salty water, influencing vertical oceanic exchange of heat, carbon, oxygen and nutrients. In this Review, we examine observed and projected stratification shifts and their impacts. Changes in ocean temperature and salinity have altered the ocean density field, leading to a 0.8 ± 0.1% dec−1 (90% confidence interval) increase in stratification in the global upper 2,000 m since the 1960s. These increases are most pronounced in the tropics and are primarily temperature driven. Model simulations project ongoing stratification increases in the future, with global 0–2,000 m stratification increasing 0.7 [0.3,1.1; 13–87% confidence interval], 1.4 [0.9,1.8] and 2.9 [2.1,3.8]% dec−1 by 2090–2100 relative to 2010–2020 under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, respectively; regional patterns of projected stratification changes generally follow observed trends. These observed and projected ocean stratification changes have important climate and ecological consequences, including alterations in ocean heat uptake, ocean currents, vertical mixing, tropical cyclone intensity, marine ecosystems and elevation of marine extremes. Further research should better quantify stratification change at critical layers and understand their drivers and impacts. Ocean stratification — density-related layering of seawater — influences oceanographic and climatic processes. This Review outlines observed and projected changes in stratification, noting a 0.8% dec−1 increase in 0–2,000 m stratification from 1960–2024, and a further 1.4% dec−1 increase by 2100 under SSP2-4.5.
{"title":"Ocean stratification in a warming climate","authors":"Lijing Cheng \u0000 (, ), Guancheng Li \u0000 (, ), Shang-Min Long \u0000 (, ), Yuanlong Li \u0000 (, ), Karina von Schuckmann, Kevin E. Trenberth, Michael E. Mann, John Abraham, Yan Du \u0000 (, ), Xuhua Cheng \u0000 (, ), Hailong Liu \u0000 (, ), Zhenhua Xu \u0000 (, ), Maofeng Liu \u0000 (, ), Qihua Peng \u0000 (, ), Xun Gong \u0000 (, ), Zhanhong Ma \u0000 (, ), Huifeng Yuan \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00715-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00715-5","url":null,"abstract":"The ocean is highly stratified. Warm, fresh water sits on top of cold, salty water, influencing vertical oceanic exchange of heat, carbon, oxygen and nutrients. In this Review, we examine observed and projected stratification shifts and their impacts. Changes in ocean temperature and salinity have altered the ocean density field, leading to a 0.8 ± 0.1% dec−1 (90% confidence interval) increase in stratification in the global upper 2,000 m since the 1960s. These increases are most pronounced in the tropics and are primarily temperature driven. Model simulations project ongoing stratification increases in the future, with global 0–2,000 m stratification increasing 0.7 [0.3,1.1; 13–87% confidence interval], 1.4 [0.9,1.8] and 2.9 [2.1,3.8]% dec−1 by 2090–2100 relative to 2010–2020 under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, respectively; regional patterns of projected stratification changes generally follow observed trends. These observed and projected ocean stratification changes have important climate and ecological consequences, including alterations in ocean heat uptake, ocean currents, vertical mixing, tropical cyclone intensity, marine ecosystems and elevation of marine extremes. Further research should better quantify stratification change at critical layers and understand their drivers and impacts. Ocean stratification — density-related layering of seawater — influences oceanographic and climatic processes. This Review outlines observed and projected changes in stratification, noting a 0.8% dec−1 increase in 0–2,000 m stratification from 1960–2024, and a further 1.4% dec−1 increase by 2100 under SSP2-4.5.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 10","pages":"637-655"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00728-0
Arianna Olivelli
Arianna Olivelli describes how lead isotope tracing can be used to track the progress of environmental efforts to curb lead pollution.
Arianna Olivelli描述了如何利用铅同位素示踪来追踪遏制铅污染的环境努力的进展。
{"title":"Using lead isotopes as tracers of ocean pollution","authors":"Arianna Olivelli","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00728-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00728-0","url":null,"abstract":"Arianna Olivelli describes how lead isotope tracing can be used to track the progress of environmental efforts to curb lead pollution.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 11","pages":"690-690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145450117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00721-7
Kai Yang
Sea surface temperature response patterns to persistent greenhouse gas forcing are fundamentally nonlinear, contributing to uncertainties in long-term climate projections. A nonlinear framework is required for evaluating future climate changes under greenhouse warming.
{"title":"Embrace SST pattern nonlinearity to understand post-2100 climate changes","authors":"Kai Yang","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00721-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00721-7","url":null,"abstract":"Sea surface temperature response patterns to persistent greenhouse gas forcing are fundamentally nonlinear, contributing to uncertainties in long-term climate projections. A nonlinear framework is required for evaluating future climate changes under greenhouse warming.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 10","pages":"627-628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00722-6
Qingsong Jiang, Yanxin Sun, Erik Jeppesen, John P. Smol, Donald Scavia, Robert E. Hecky, Thomas Mehner, Yue Qin, Yindong Tong, Boqiang Qin, K. David Hambright, Xiaowei Jin, Jincheng Li, Kaikui Cai, Zhen Wu, Yong Liu
Global lake research is skewed toward economically and socially developed regions, overlooking remote areas. Enhancing resilience and fostering synergistic approaches could help redress these inequities.
{"title":"Persistent inequities in global lake science","authors":"Qingsong Jiang, Yanxin Sun, Erik Jeppesen, John P. Smol, Donald Scavia, Robert E. Hecky, Thomas Mehner, Yue Qin, Yindong Tong, Boqiang Qin, K. David Hambright, Xiaowei Jin, Jincheng Li, Kaikui Cai, Zhen Wu, Yong Liu","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00722-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00722-6","url":null,"abstract":"Global lake research is skewed toward economically and socially developed regions, overlooking remote areas. Enhancing resilience and fostering synergistic approaches could help redress these inequities.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 10","pages":"629-631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00731-5
Eugenia Dinivitzer
An article in Nature Communications finds that low-income countries will face greater exposure to future climate extremes than high-income countries.
《自然通讯》的一篇文章发现，低收入国家将比高收入国家更容易受到未来极端气候的影响。
{"title":"Climate extremes, unequal burdens","authors":"Eugenia Dinivitzer","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00731-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00731-5","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Communications finds that low-income countries will face greater exposure to future climate extremes than high-income countries.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 10","pages":"636-636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00713-7
David J. Beerling, Christopher T. Reinhard, Rachael H. James, Anu Khan, Nick Pidgeon, Noah J. Planavsky
Terrestrial enhanced weathering (EW) on agricultural lands is a proposed carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technology involving the amendment of soils with crushed base cation-rich rocks, such as basalt. Over a quarter of a billion dollars have been raised by commercial EW start-ups across the globe, accelerating the deployment of EW at scale. In this Review, we outline the scientific knowledge and policy requirements for scaling EW. The global CDR potential of EW is 0.5–2 Gt CO2 year by 2050. Tracking carbon as it is transferred from soils (cradle) to the oceans (grave), fully considering and quantifying lag times in CDR and developing a robust framework of monitoring, reporting and verification of CDR are all important for understanding the performance of EW deployments. Policies aimed at incentivizing responsible deployment and gaining acceptability among directly impacted communities, such as agriculture, are essential to sustainable and long-term growth of EW. High initial prices, the lack of consistent methodology for issuing carbon credits and lifecycle carbon emissions associated with a deployment are the main challenges of scaling EW through the voluntary carbon market. Future research needs to explore the co-deployment of EW and other CDR technologies and utilize long-term (>10 years) instrumented EW field trials to evaluate processes that regulate CDR efficiency and agronomic and economic co-benefits. Commercial investment in enhanced rock weathering for carbon dioxide removal on agricultural lands is growing rapidly. This Review explores the potential of large-scale deployment, outlining the challenges faced in science, policy and governance to scale the technology.
{"title":"Challenges and opportunities in scaling enhanced weathering for carbon dioxide removal","authors":"David J. Beerling, Christopher T. Reinhard, Rachael H. James, Anu Khan, Nick Pidgeon, Noah J. Planavsky","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00713-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00713-7","url":null,"abstract":"Terrestrial enhanced weathering (EW) on agricultural lands is a proposed carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technology involving the amendment of soils with crushed base cation-rich rocks, such as basalt. Over a quarter of a billion dollars have been raised by commercial EW start-ups across the globe, accelerating the deployment of EW at scale. In this Review, we outline the scientific knowledge and policy requirements for scaling EW. The global CDR potential of EW is 0.5–2 Gt CO2 year by 2050. Tracking carbon as it is transferred from soils (cradle) to the oceans (grave), fully considering and quantifying lag times in CDR and developing a robust framework of monitoring, reporting and verification of CDR are all important for understanding the performance of EW deployments. Policies aimed at incentivizing responsible deployment and gaining acceptability among directly impacted communities, such as agriculture, are essential to sustainable and long-term growth of EW. High initial prices, the lack of consistent methodology for issuing carbon credits and lifecycle carbon emissions associated with a deployment are the main challenges of scaling EW through the voluntary carbon market. Future research needs to explore the co-deployment of EW and other CDR technologies and utilize long-term (>10 years) instrumented EW field trials to evaluate processes that regulate CDR efficiency and agronomic and economic co-benefits. Commercial investment in enhanced rock weathering for carbon dioxide removal on agricultural lands is growing rapidly. This Review explores the potential of large-scale deployment, outlining the challenges faced in science, policy and governance to scale the technology.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 10","pages":"672-686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00732-4
Bing Xue
An article in Nature Communications finds that age and education are important demographic factors influencing migration responses to climate change.
《自然通讯》上的一篇文章发现，年龄和教育是影响移民对气候变化反应的重要人口因素。
{"title":"Who moves under climate stress","authors":"Bing Xue","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00732-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00732-4","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Communications finds that age and education are important demographic factors influencing migration responses to climate change.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 10","pages":"635-635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00733-3
Rebecca G. Topness
Rebecca Topness explains how lake proxy system models support insights into past climate.
Rebecca Topness解释了湖泊代理系统模型如何支持对过去气候的了解。
{"title":"Models translate lake mud into useful climate variables","authors":"Rebecca G. Topness","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00733-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00733-3","url":null,"abstract":"Rebecca Topness explains how lake proxy system models support insights into past climate.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 12","pages":"770-770"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145695651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00723-5
Arpita Mondal, Clare Davis
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Arpita Mondal from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay about their project investigating the attribution of urban flood response to climate change and stormwater management practices.
{"title":"Urban flood response to climate change and stormwater management practices","authors":"Arpita Mondal, Clare Davis","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00723-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00723-5","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment interviewed Arpita Mondal from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay about their project investigating the attribution of urban flood response to climate change and stormwater management practices.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 11","pages":"688-688"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145450129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1038/s43017-025-00718-2
Shuai Wang (, ), Shuang Song (, ), Haoyu Zhang (, ), Lu Yu (, ), Chentai Jiao (, ), Changjia Li (, ), Xutong Wu (, ), Wenwu Zhao (, ), Jim Best, Patrick Roberts, Bojie Fu (, )
The Yellow River Basin supports a population of 200 million people and contains 15% of arable land in China. Water scarcity in the region is being exacerbated by climate change and human activities. In this Review, we discuss anthropogenic impacts on the hydrological cycle and sediment dynamics of the Yellow River since the 1950s. The Yellow River had one of the largest sediment loads in the world, peaking at 2.1 Gt yr−1 in 1958. Such high sediment loads elevated flood risk; therefore, reservoirs, conservation and revegetation projects were implemented, reducing sediment transport by 90% since the 1980s. However, these efforts also impacted the hydrology of the Yellow River Basin, leading to an increase in evapotranspiration fluxes (1.79 mm yr−2, 1980–2020) and reduced runoff. In addition, human water use has increased by 15.8% since the 1980s. The resulting reductions in soil water storage and intensification of the vertical water cycle foreshadow potential resource crises and will potentially lead to irreversible ecosystem degradation. Predicting the outcomes of water management policies and engineering projects is essential but highly complex owing to feedback loops and interactions between human activities and hydrological changes. Addressing these challenges, which are also faced by other arid-region rivers, will require dynamic monitoring of water storage and improved understanding of human–hydrological interactions. Anthropogenic pressures threaten water sustainability and ecological integrity in the Yellow River Basin. This Review outlines changes in water cycling and sediment loads in the region since the 1950s and discusses the impacts of demographic shifts, patterns of water use, land use transformations and socioeconomic development.
黄河流域供养着2亿人口，拥有中国15%的可耕地。气候变化和人类活动加剧了该地区的水资源短缺。本文讨论了20世纪50年代以来人类活动对黄河水循环和泥沙动态的影响。黄河是世界上含沙量最大的河流之一，1958年达到峰值2.1亿吨/年。如此高的泥沙负荷增加了洪水风险；因此，实施了水库、涵养和植被恢复工程，自20世纪80年代以来，输沙量减少了90%。然而，这些努力也影响了黄河流域的水文，导致蒸散发通量增加（1.79 mm yr - 2, 1980-2020）和径流减少。此外，自20世纪80年代以来，人类用水增加了15.8%。由此导致的土壤储水量减少和垂直水循环的加剧预示着潜在的资源危机，并可能导致不可逆转的生态系统退化。预测水管理政策和工程项目的结果至关重要，但由于人类活动和水文变化之间的反馈循环和相互作用，预测结果非常复杂。要解决其他干旱地区河流也面临的这些挑战，需要对储水量进行动态监测，并提高对人类与水文相互作用的理解。人为压力威胁着黄河流域水资源的可持续性和生态完整性。本文概述了20世纪50年代以来该地区水循环和泥沙负荷的变化，并讨论了人口变化、水利用模式、土地利用转变和社会经济发展的影响。
{"title":"Anthropogenic impacts on the Yellow River Basin","authors":"Shuai Wang \u0000 (, ), Shuang Song \u0000 (, ), Haoyu Zhang \u0000 (, ), Lu Yu \u0000 (, ), Chentai Jiao \u0000 (, ), Changjia Li \u0000 (, ), Xutong Wu \u0000 (, ), Wenwu Zhao \u0000 (, ), Jim Best, Patrick Roberts, Bojie Fu \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1038/s43017-025-00718-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43017-025-00718-2","url":null,"abstract":"The Yellow River Basin supports a population of 200 million people and contains 15% of arable land in China. Water scarcity in the region is being exacerbated by climate change and human activities. In this Review, we discuss anthropogenic impacts on the hydrological cycle and sediment dynamics of the Yellow River since the 1950s. The Yellow River had one of the largest sediment loads in the world, peaking at 2.1 Gt yr−1 in 1958. Such high sediment loads elevated flood risk; therefore, reservoirs, conservation and revegetation projects were implemented, reducing sediment transport by 90% since the 1980s. However, these efforts also impacted the hydrology of the Yellow River Basin, leading to an increase in evapotranspiration fluxes (1.79 mm yr−2, 1980–2020) and reduced runoff. In addition, human water use has increased by 15.8% since the 1980s. The resulting reductions in soil water storage and intensification of the vertical water cycle foreshadow potential resource crises and will potentially lead to irreversible ecosystem degradation. Predicting the outcomes of water management policies and engineering projects is essential but highly complex owing to feedback loops and interactions between human activities and hydrological changes. Addressing these challenges, which are also faced by other arid-region rivers, will require dynamic monitoring of water storage and improved understanding of human–hydrological interactions. Anthropogenic pressures threaten water sustainability and ecological integrity in the Yellow River Basin. This Review outlines changes in water cycling and sediment loads in the region since the 1950s and discusses the impacts of demographic shifts, patterns of water use, land use transformations and socioeconomic development.","PeriodicalId":18921,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Earth & Environment","volume":"6 10","pages":"656-671"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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