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Multiscale incubations to investigate microalgal dynamics 研究微藻动态的多尺度孵育
Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00616-z
Simon P. H. Jaffrès
Simon Jaffrès explains how multiscale incubations help reveal marine microalgal responses to environmental change
Simon jaffr解释了多尺度孵育如何帮助揭示海洋微藻对环境变化的反应
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引用次数: 0
Microbial solutions must be deployed against climate catastrophe 必须部署微生物解决方案来应对气候灾难
Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00611-4
Raquel Peixoto, Christian R. Voolstra, Lisa Y. Stein, Philip Hugenholtz, Joana Falcao Salles, Shady A. Amin, Max Häggblom, Ann Gregory, Thulani P. Makhalanyane, Fengping Wang, Nadège Adoukè Agbodjato, Yinzhao Wang, Nianzhi Jiao, Jay T. Lennon, Antonio Ventosa, Patrik M. Bavoil, Virginia Miller, Jack A. Gilbert
This paper is a call to action. By publishing concurrently across journals like an emergency bulletin, we are not merely making a plea for awareness about climate change. Instead, we are demanding immediate, tangible steps that harness the power of microbiology and the expertise of researchers and policymakers to safeguard the planet for future generations.
本文是一份行动呼吁书。通过像紧急公告一样在不同期刊上同时发表,我们不仅仅是在呼吁人们关注气候变化。相反,我们要求立即采取切实可行的措施,利用微生物学的力量以及研究人员和决策者的专业知识,为子孙后代保护地球。
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引用次数: 0
Planetary Boundaries guide humanity’s future on Earth 行星边界指引人类在地球上的未来
Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00597-z
Johan Rockström, Jonathan F. Donges, Ingo Fetzer, Maria A. Martin, Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Katherine Richardson
Human pressures have pushed the Earth system deep into the Anthropocene, threatening its stability, resilience and functioning. The Planetary Boundaries (PB) framework emerged against these threats, setting safe levels to the biophysical systems and processes that, with high likelihood, ensure life-supporting Holocene-like conditions. In this Review, we synthesize PB advancements, detailing its emergence and mainstreaming across scientific disciplines and society. The nine PBs capture the key functions regulating the Earth system. The safe operating space has been transgressed for six of these. PB science is essential to prevent further Earth system risks and has sparked new research on the precision of safe boundaries. Human development within planetary boundaries defines sustainable development, informing advances in social sciences. Each PB translates to a finite budget that the world must operate within, requiring strengthened global governance. The PB framework has been adopted by businesses and informed policy across the world, informing new thinking about fundamental justice concerns, and has inspired, among other concepts, the planetary commons, planetary health and doughnut economics. Future work must increase the precision and frequency of PB analyses, and, together with Earth observation data analytics, produce a high-resolution and real-time state of planetary health. The Planetary Boundary (PB) framework — which provides guardrails to maintain the safe operating space for humanity — has received widespread scientific and societal interest. This Review outlines the emergence and mainstreaming of PB thinking, including relevance to Earth system science, justice, governance, economics and sustainability.
人类的压力将地球系统推向了 "人类世",威胁着地球系统的稳定性、复原力和功能。行星边界(PB)框架正是针对这些威胁而提出的,它为生物物理系统和过程设定了安全等级,从而极有可能确保在类似全新世的条件下维持生命。在本《综述》中,我们总结了地球观测框架的进展,详细介绍了其在科学学科和社会中的出现和主流化情况。这九个 PB 涵盖了调节地球系统的关键功能。其中六项的安全运行空间已被超越。行星边界科学对于防止进一步的地球系统风险至关重要,并引发了关于安全边界精确性的新研究。在地球边界内的人类发展定义了可持续发展,为社会科学的进步提供了信息。每个 PB 都意味着世界必须在有限的预算范围内运作,这就要求加强全球治理。地球疆界框架已被企业采用,并为世界各地的政策提供了依据,为有关基本正义问题的新思维提供了信息,并启发了地球公域、地球健康和甜甜圈经济学等概念。未来的工作必须提高行星边界分析的精度和频率,并与地球观测数据分析相结合,生成高分辨率的实时行星健康状况。行星边界(Planetary Boundary,PB)框架为维护人类的安全运行空间提供了保障,受到了科学界和社会的广泛关注。本综述概述了行星边界思维的出现和主流化,包括与地球系统科学、正义、治理、经济学和可持续性的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Shipboard microcosms help explore changing ocean dynamics 船上的微型宇宙有助于探索不断变化的海洋动力学
Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00614-1
Laurence Bisson
Laurence Bisson explains how shipboard microcosms can be used to monitor microbial responses to changing ocean dynamics.
劳伦斯·比森解释了船上的微型宇宙是如何被用来监测微生物对海洋动态变化的反应的。
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引用次数: 0
Trends and environmental impacts of virtual water trade 虚拟水交易的趋势和环境影响
Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00605-2
Mesfin M. Mekonnen, Mahlet M. Kebede, Betelhem W. Demeke, Joel A. Carr, Ashok Chapagain, Carole Dalin, Peter Debaere, Paolo D’Odorico, Landon Marston, Chittaranjan Ray, Lorenzo Rosa, La Zhuo
Virtual water describes water embedded in the production of goods and offers meaningful insights about the complex interplay between water, trade and sustainability. In this Review, we examine the trends, major players, traded products and key drivers of virtual water trade (VWT). Roughly 20% of water used in global food production is traded virtually rather than domestically consumed. As such, agriculture dominates VWT, with livestock products, wheat, maize, soybean, oil palm, coffee and cocoa contributing over 70% of total VWT. These products are also driving VWT growth, the volume of which has increased 2.9 times from 1986 to 2022. However, the countries leading VWT contributions (with China, the United States, the Netherlands, Germany and India accounting for 34% of the global VWT in 2022) have remained relatively stable over time, albeit with China becoming an increasingly important importer. VWT can mitigate the effects of water scarcity and food insecurity, although there are concerns about the disconnect between consumers and the environmental impacts of their choices, and unsustainable resource exploitation. Indeed, approximately 16% of unsustainable water use and 11% of global groundwater depletion are virtually traded. Future VWT analyses must consider factors such as water renewability, water quality, climate change impacts and socioeconomic implications. The trade of virtual water — the water associated with the production of traded goods — acts as a mechanism for the distribution of water resources between different countries. This Review discusses the major participating countries and industries, and current trends. It concludes by exploring how the analysis of virtual water could be further refined.
虚拟水描述了商品生产中嵌入的水,并提供了有关水、贸易和可持续性之间复杂相互作用的有意义的见解。在这篇综述中,我们研究了虚拟水贸易的趋势、主要参与者、交易产品和主要驱动因素。在全球粮食生产中,大约20%的水被用于交易,而不是国内消费。因此,农业在VWT中占主导地位,畜产品、小麦、玉米、大豆、油棕、咖啡和可可占总VWT的70%以上。这些产品也推动了VWT的增长,从1986年到2022年,VWT的数量增长了2.9倍。然而,尽管中国成为越来越重要的进口国,但随着时间的推移,VWT贡献最大的国家(中国、美国、荷兰、德国和印度在2022年占全球VWT的34%)保持相对稳定。VWT可以减轻水资源短缺和粮食不安全的影响,尽管人们担心消费者与他们的选择对环境的影响之间的脱节,以及不可持续的资源开发。事实上,大约16%的不可持续用水和11%的全球地下水枯竭实际上是在进行交易。未来的VWT分析必须考虑诸如水的可再生性、水质、气候变化影响和社会经济影响等因素。虚拟水的交易——与交易商品生产有关的水——是不同国家之间水资源分配的一种机制。本评论讨论了主要参与国和行业,以及当前趋势。最后探讨了如何进一步完善虚拟水的分析。
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引用次数: 0
Author Correction: Uniting remote sensing, crop modelling and economics for agricultural risk management 作者更正:结合遥感、作物建模和农业风险管理经济学
Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00617-y
Elinor Benami, Zhenong Jin, Michael R. Carter, Aniruddha Ghosh, Robert J. Hijmans, Andrew Hobbs, Benson Kenduiywo, David B. Lobell
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal CO2 amplitude in northern high latitudes 北部高纬度地区二氧化碳的季节振幅
Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00600-7
Zhihua Liu, Brendan M. Rogers, Gretchen Keppel-Aleks, Manuel Helbig, Ashley P. Ballantyne, John S. Kimball, Abhishek Chatterjee, Adrianna Foster, Aleya Kaushik, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Arden L. Burrell, Christopher Schwalm, Colm Sweeney, Edward A. G. Schuur, Jacqueline Dean, Jennifer D. Watts, Jinhyuk E. Kim, Jonathan A. Wang, Lei Hu, Lisa Welp, Logan T. Berner, Marguerite Mauritz, Michelle Mack, Nicholas C. Parazoo, Nima Madani, Ralph Keeling, Roisin Commane, Scott Goetz, Shilong Piao, Susan M. Natali, Wenjuan Wang, Wolfgang Buermann, Xanthe Walker, Xin Lin, Xuhui Wang, Yuming Jin, Kailiang Yu, Yangjian Zhang
Global climate change is influencing the seasonal cycle amplitude of atmospheric CO2 (SCA), with the strongest increases at northern high latitudes (NHL; >45° N). In this Review, we explore the changes and underlying mechanisms influencing the NHL SCA, focusing on Arctic and boreal terrestrial ecosystems. Latitudinal gradients in the SCA are largely governed by seasonality in temperature and primary production, and their influence on ecosystem carbon dynamics. In the NHL, the SCA has increased by 50% since the 1960s, mostly due to enhanced seasonality in net carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange in NHL terrestrial ecosystems. Temperature most strongly influences this trend, owing to warming impacts on growing season length and plant productivity; CO2 fertilization effects have a secondary role. Eurasian boreal ecosystems exert the strongest influence on the SCA, and spring and summer are the most influential seasons. Enhanced ecosystem respiration during the non-growing season exhibits most uncertainty in the SCA response to global and landscape drivers. Observed changes in the seasonal amplitude are projected to continue. Key priorities include extending carbon flux and ecosystem observation networks, particularly in tundra ecosystems, and including drivers such as vegetation cover and permafrost in process models to better simulate seasonal dynamics of net CO2 exchange in the NHL. Changes in the seasonal cycle amplitude of atmospheric CO2 (SCA) reflect large-scale changes in the global carbon cycle. This Review summarizes the positive SCA trend in the northern high latitudes, where the signal is strongest, and explores the underlying mechanisms driving the trend and their relative importance.
全球气候变化正在影响大气中二氧化碳的季节周期振幅(SCA),其中北部高纬度地区(NHL; >45°N)的增幅最大。在本综述中,我们将以北极和北方陆地生态系统为重点,探讨影响北半球高纬度地区 SCA 的变化和内在机制。SCA的纬度梯度主要受温度和初级生产的季节性及其对生态系统碳动态的影响所支配。自 20 世纪 60 年代以来,NHL 的 SCA 增加了 50%,这主要是由于 NHL 陆地生态系统二氧化碳(CO2)净交换的季节性增强。温度对这一趋势的影响最大,这是因为气候变暖影响了生长季节的长度和植物的生产力;二氧化碳的施肥效应则起次要作用。欧亚寒带生态系统对 SCA 的影响最大,春季和夏季是影响最大的季节。在非生长季节,生态系统呼吸作用增强,显示出 SCA 对全球和地貌驱动因素响应的最大不确定性。预计观测到的季节振幅变化仍将持续。重点工作包括扩大碳通量和生态系统观测网络,特别是在苔原生态系统中,并将植被覆盖和永久冻土等驱动因素纳入过程模型,以更好地模拟北极圈内净二氧化碳交换的季节动态。大气二氧化碳季节循环振幅(SCA)的变化反映了全球碳循环的大规模变化。本综述总结了信号最强的北部高纬度地区正的 SCA 趋势,并探讨了驱动该趋势的潜在机制及其相对重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Principles for satellite monitoring of vegetation carbon uptake 卫星监测植被碳吸收的原则
Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00601-6
I. Colin Prentice, Manuela Balzarolo, Keith J. Bloomfield, Jing M. Chen  , Benjamin Dechant, Darren Ghent, Ivan A. Janssens, Xiangzhong Luo  , Catherine Morfopoulos, Youngryel Ryu, Sara Vicca, Roel van Hoolst
Remote-sensing-based numerical models harness satellite-borne measurements of light absorption by vegetation to estimate global patterns and trends in gross primary production (GPP) — the basis of the terrestrial carbon cycle. In this Perspective, we discuss the challenges in estimating GPP using these models and explore ways to improve their reliability. Current models vary substantially in their structure and produce differing results, especially regarding temporal trends in GPP. Many models invoke the light use efficiency principle, which links light absorption to photosynthesis and plant biomass production, to estimate GPP. However, these models vary in their assumptions about the controls of light use efficiency and typically depend on many, poorly constrained parameters. Eco-evolutionary optimality principles can greatly reduce parameter requirements, improving the accuracy and consistency of GPP estimates and interpretations of their relationships with environmental drivers. Integrating data across different satellites and sensors, and utilizing auxiliary optical band retrievals, could enhance spatiotemporal resolution and improve model-based detection of vegetation physiology, including drought stress. Extending and harmonizing the eddy-covariance flux-tower network will support systematic evaluation of GPP models. Improved reliability of GPP and biomass production estimates will better characterize temporal variation and advance understanding of the response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to environmental change. Global patterns and trends in primary production are estimated using remote-sensing-based models. This Perspective outlines ways to ensure that the next generation of model predictions robustly characterizes how this key element of the terrestrial carbon cycle is changing.
基于遥感的数值模式利用卫星对植被光吸收的测量来估算全球总初级生产力(GPP)的模式和趋势--这是陆地碳循环的基础。在本《视角》中,我们将讨论利用这些模型估算 GPP 所面临的挑战,并探讨提高其可靠性的方法。目前的模型在结构上差异很大,产生的结果也不尽相同,尤其是在 GPP 的时间趋势方面。许多模型都引用光利用效率原理来估算 GPP,该原理将光吸收与光合作用和植物生物量生产联系起来。然而,这些模型对光利用效率控制的假设各不相同,而且通常依赖于许多约束性较差的参数。生态进化优化原理可以大大减少参数要求,提高 GPP 估算的准确性和一致性,并解释其与环境驱动因素的关系。整合不同卫星和传感器的数据,并利用辅助光学波段检索,可以提高时空分辨率,改进基于模型的植被生理检测,包括干旱胁迫。扩展和协调涡度协方差通量塔网络将支持对 GPP 模型进行系统评估。提高 GPP 和生物量生产估算的可靠性将更好地描述时间变化特征,并促进对陆地碳循环对环境变化的响应的理解。全球初级生产力的模式和趋势是利用遥感模型估算的。本视角概述了如何确保下一代模式预测能够有力地描述陆地碳循环的这一关键要素是如何变化的。
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引用次数: 0
Electric cooking as a clean and just energy solution 电烹饪作为一种清洁、公正的能源解决方案
Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00608-z
Narasimha D. Rao, Ambuj D. Sagar
Cooking with electric rather than solid-fuel stoves can reduce carbon emissions and indoor air pollution, offering climate and health co-benefits. To make electric cooking a viable clean fuel alternative for energy-poor communities, energy infrastructure and policies need redesigning to ensure reliable, safe and affordable supply.
使用电炉而非固体燃料炉灶做饭可以减少碳排放和室内空气污染,带来气候和健康方面的共同惠益。为了使电炊具成为能源匮乏社区可行的清洁燃料替代品,需要重新设计能源基础设施和政策,以确保可靠、安全和负担得起的供应。
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引用次数: 0
Focusing on architectural beauty to reduce construction waste 注重建筑美,减少建筑垃圾
Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-024-00609-y
Piotr Piotrowski
Construction and demolition waste is the most substantial waste stream in developed countries, prompting policymakers to enhance circularity, recycling and recovery rates. While strategies that simplify deconstruction and promote material reuse are important, prioritizing architectural beauty offers a compelling solution to extend the lifespan of buildings, reduce construction waste and enrich urban environments.
建筑和拆除废物是发达国家最主要的废物流,促使政策制定者提高循环性、再循环和回收率。简化拆卸和促进材料再利用的战略固然重要,但优先考虑建筑美观也为延长建筑寿命、减少建筑垃圾和丰富城市环境提供了一个令人信服的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
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