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Photonic solutions help fight climate crisis 光子解决方案有助于应对气候危机
IF 32.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01509-9
Giulia Tagliabue, Harry A. Atwater, Albert Polman, Emiliano Cortés
The mitigation of climate change requires major transformations in the ways we generate energy and operate technologies that release carbon dioxide. Photonic concepts and novel light-driven technologies provide many potential solutions, transforming our current modes of energy use into more effective and sustainable ones.
要减缓气候变化,就必须对我们产生能源和操作释放二氧化碳的技术的方式进行重大变革。光子概念和新型光驱动技术提供了许多潜在的解决方案,将我们目前的能源使用模式转变为更有效和可持续的模式。
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引用次数: 0
An all-silicon solution 全硅解决方案
IF 32.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01511-1
Mingyang Cai, Fengnian Xia
Silicon photonic circuits offer a promising solution for the interconnect bottleneck for advanced computing systems, but they typically require additional materials, such as germanium for photodetection. An all-silicon receiver capable of handling a data stream at 1.28 terabits per second is paving the way for future optical interconnects.
硅光子电路为解决先进计算系统的互连瓶颈问题提供了一个前景广阔的解决方案,但它们通常需要额外的材料,如用于光电探测的锗。能够以每秒 1.28 太比特的速度处理数据流的全硅接收器正在为未来的光互连铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
Dual-comb wonders 双梳奇迹
IF 32.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01519-7
Rachel Won
Nathalie Picqué, the new director at the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin, Germany, tells us all we need to know about frequency combs and dual-comb spectroscopy, and shares with us some golden tips on becoming a successful scientist.
位于德国柏林的马克斯-伯恩非线性光学和短脉冲光谱研究所(MBI)的新所长娜塔莉-皮克(Nathalie Picqué)向我们介绍了有关频梳和双梳光谱学的所有知识,并与我们分享了成为一名成功科学家的一些黄金秘诀。
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引用次数: 0
Vibrational imaging goes deeper and finer 振动成像更深更细
IF 32.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01498-9
Yasutaka Kitahama, Keisuke Goda
Short-wave infrared photothermal microscopy enables deep-tissue vibrational imaging at millimetre depth with high sensitivity and sub-cellular spatial resolution, offering potential for applications in biological and medical fields.
短波红外光热显微镜可实现毫米深度的深层组织振动成像,具有高灵敏度和亚细胞空间分辨率,为生物和医学领域的应用提供了潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Shrinking time-domain spectroscopy to atomic dimensions 将时域光谱缩小到原子尺寸
IF 32.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01510-2
Susanne Baumann, Sebastian Loth
Terahertz waveforms can now be measured with atomic-scale spatial resolution as a result of a new form of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy that uses tunnelling electrons as an ultrafast, localized probe. The approach paves the way for ultrafast optical surface analysis at the scale of individual molecules or atoms.
太赫兹时域光谱学是一种新的太赫兹时域光谱学形式,利用隧穿电子作为超快局部探针,现在可以以原子尺度的空间分辨率测量太赫兹波形。这种方法为单个分子或原子尺度的超快光学表面分析铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Chiral nonlinear optical inheritance 手性非线性光学继承
IF 32.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01514-y
Etienne Brasselet
The nonlinear optical response of achiral molecules spread on chiral nanostructured substrates and subjected to circularly polarized light is examined. The experiment is a step towards confirming a long-standing theoretical prediction: hyper-Raman optical activity.
研究了手性纳米结构基底上的非手性分子在圆偏振光作用下的非线性光学响应。该实验向证实长期以来的理论预测迈出了一步:超拉曼光学活性。
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引用次数: 0
Real-time detection and discrimination of radioactive gas mixtures using nanoporous inorganic scintillators 使用纳米多孔无机闪烁体对放射性气体混合物进行实时检测和鉴别
IF 32.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01507-x
Raphael Marie-Luce, Pavlo Mai, Frederic Lerouge, Yannis Cheref, Sylvie Pierre, Benoit Sabot, Frederic Chaput, Christophe Dujardin
The nuclear industry’s expansion to encompass carbon-free electricity generation from small modular reactors and nuclear fuel reprocessing necessitates enhanced detection and monitoring of pure beta-emitting radioactive elements such as 3H and 85Kr; this endeavour is crucial for nuclear safety authorities tasked with environmental monitoring. However, the short range of electrons emitted by these gases makes detection challenging. Current methods, such as ionization chambers and liquid scintillation, do not offer at the same time good sensitivity, real-time analysis and ease of implementation. We demonstrate an approach using a gas–solid mixture to overcome these limitations. We synthetized a transparent and scintillating nanoporous material, an aerogel of Y3Al5O12:Ce4+, and achieved real-time detection with an efficiency of 96% for 85Kr and 18% for 3H. The method reaches a sensitivity below 100 mBq per cm3 over 100 s measurement time. We are able to measure simultaneously as mixtures containing both 3H and 85Kr a capability not possible previously. Our results demonstrate a compact and robust detection system for inline measurement of strategic radioactive gases. This combination of concept and method enhances nuclear power plant management and contributes to environmental safeguarding. Beyond the detection issues, this concept opens a wide field of new methods for radionuclide metrology. Using a gas–solid mixture approach, researchers used a transparent, scintillating nanoporous material for real-time detection of 85Kr and 3H, two pure beta emitters. They also simultaneously measure a mixture of them. The broadly applicable approach may be useful for nuclear industry and environmental safeguarding.
随着核工业向小型模块化反应堆无碳发电和核燃料后处理领域的扩展,有必要加强对 3H 和 85Kr 等纯β放射性元素的检测和监测;这项工作对于负责环境监测的核安全机构来说至关重要。然而,由于这些气体发射的电子距离较短,因此检测工作具有挑战性。目前的方法,如电离室和液体闪烁,无法同时提供良好的灵敏度、实时分析和易于实施。我们展示了一种利用气固混合物来克服这些限制的方法。我们合成了一种透明闪烁的纳米多孔材料--Y3Al5O12:Ce4+气凝胶,并实现了实时检测,85Kr和3H的检测效率分别为96%和18%。在 100 秒的测量时间内,该方法的灵敏度低于每立方厘米 100 mBq。我们能够同时测量含有 3H 和 85Kr 的混合物,这在以前是不可能实现的。我们的研究结果表明,这是一种用于在线测量战略放射性气体的结构紧凑、功能强大的检测系统。这一概念与方法的结合加强了核电厂的管理,并有助于保护环境。除了检测问题之外,这一概念还为放射性核素计量新方法开辟了广阔的领域。
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引用次数: 0
Author Correction: Onset of vortex clustering and inverse energy cascade in dissipative quantum fluids 作者更正:耗散量子流体中涡旋簇的开始和反向能量级联
IF 32.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01528-6
R. Panico, P. Comaron, M. Matuszewski, A. S. Lanotte, D. Trypogeorgos, G. Gigli, M. De Giorgi, V. Ardizzone, D. Sanvitto, D. Ballarini
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引用次数: 0
Anti-perovskites with long carrier lifetime for ultralow dose and stable X-ray detection 用于超低剂量和稳定 X 射线探测的长载流子寿命反超晶石
IF 32.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01482-3
Lang Liu, Shi-Yu Liu, Yuanpeng Shi, Cui-Ling Fang, Shan Zhao, Huai-Yi Shen, Ming-Xing Chen, Ze-Jie Wang, Yan Ma, Yan Liu, Yan Feng, Jiang Tang, Heng-Yun Ye, Guangda Niu
Halide perovskites have shown promising potential for direct X-ray detection due to their high X-ray absorption coefficient, low trap states and convenient fabrication process. However, it is still a challenge to achieve high sensitivity, low dark current and low detection limit in a single material. The deep reason for this is the trade-off between the material’s μτ product and resistivity. Here we report the construction of an organic–inorganic hybrid anti-perovskite ((2-Habch)3Cl(PtI6)) with indirect transition and low orbital symmetry at the band edge to achieve an ultralong intrinsic lifetime and thus break the trade-off. (2-Habch)3Cl(PtI6) achieves an unprecedented long carrier lifetime of >3 ms, leading to a large μτ product of 6.25 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 and high resistivity of 1012 Ω cm, outperforming most X-ray detection materials. These properties enabled the development of X-ray detectors that simultaneously achieve an ultralow dark current of 0.21 nA cm−2, high sensitivity of 1.0 × 104 µC Gyair−1 cm−2, ultralow detection limit of 2.4 nGyair s−1 and excellent operational stability with no observable baseline drift, outperforming state-of-the-art perovskite single-crystal detectors. The rare combination of high performance in almost every figure of merit in the anti-perovskite-based X-ray detector could enable new-generation X-ray detection systems. The researchers synthesize organic–inorganic hybrid inverse perovskites that exhibit excellent carrier lifetime and mobility–lifetime product and high resistivity, enabling stable X-ray detectors with performance arguably outperforming state-of-the-art perovskite single-crystal detectors.
卤化物过氧化物具有高 X 射线吸收系数、低阱态和方便的制造工艺,因此在直接 X 射线探测方面具有广阔的发展前景。然而,在单一材料中实现高灵敏度、低暗电流和低探测极限仍是一项挑战。其深层原因在于材料的μτ乘积和电阻率之间的权衡。在此,我们报告了一种有机-无机混合反超晶石((2-Habch)3Cl(PtI6))的构造,它具有间接转变和带边缘低轨道对称性,可实现超长的本征寿命,从而打破了这种权衡。(2-Habch)3Cl(PtI6)实现了前所未有的长载流子寿命(3 ms),从而产生了 6.25 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 的大μτ乘积和 1012 Ω cm 的高电阻率,优于大多数 X 射线探测材料。这些特性使得 X 射线探测器能够同时实现 0.21 nA cm-2 的超低暗电流、1.0 × 104 µC Gyair-1 cm-2 的高灵敏度、2.4 nGyair s-1 的超低探测极限,以及出色的工作稳定性,没有可观察到的基线漂移,性能优于最先进的过氧化物单晶探测器。基于反包晶石的 X 射线探测器在几乎所有性能指标上都实现了罕见的高性能组合,可用于新一代 X 射线探测系统。
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引用次数: 0
Deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes for ultrahigh-definition displays 用于超高清显示器的深蓝色有机发光二极管
IF 32.3 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01508-w
Tao Hua, Xiaosong Cao, Jingsheng Miao, Xiaojun Yin, Zhanxiang Chen, Zhongyan Huang, Chuluo Yang
Multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation ultrahigh-definition displays due to their narrowband emission and triplet-harvesting capability. However, achieving optimal colour purity and device efficiency for blue multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters has presented challenges. Here we demonstrate an effective approach to attain superior deep-blue molecules by constructing twisted-boron-/nitrogen-/oxygen-embedded higher-order fused-ring frameworks with fully resonating structures. The optimized emitter exhibits high rigidity and minimized bonding/antibonding character for ultrasharp emission, along with a small singlet–triplet gap and large spin–orbit couplings for rapid spin flip. This combination results in deep-blue emission at 458 nm with a narrow full-width at half-maximum of 12 nm in solution and a reverse intersystem crossing rate constant of 2.29 × 106 s−1, on par with those of heavy-atom-based multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules. The related single-unit organic light-emitting diode achieves an external quantum efficiency of 39.2% with colour coordinates of (0.141, 0.050) and a narrow full-width at half-maximum of 14 nm. Furthermore, a two-unit stacked tandem hyperfluorescence organic light-emitting diode achieves an ultrahigh external quantum efficiency of 74.5% with low efficiency roll-off at high luminance values. This performance represents a remarkable balance between efficiency and colour purity in the deep-blue region, marking an important step towards power-efficient ultrawide-colour-gamut displays. Highly twisted multi-boron-based multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters enable deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes with high colour purity, a narrow full-width at half-maximum of 14 nm and a peak external quantum efficiency of 39.2%.
多重共振热激活延迟荧光材料因其窄带发射和三重收集能力,已成为下一代超高清显示器的理想候选材料。然而,实现蓝色多重共振热激活延迟荧光发射器的最佳色彩纯度和器件效率一直是个难题。在此,我们展示了一种有效的方法,即通过构建具有完全共振结构的扭曲硼/氮/氧嵌入式高阶熔环框架来实现卓越的深蓝色分子。优化后的发射体具有高刚性和最小化的键合/反键特性,可实现超锐利发射,同时还具有较小的单线-三线间隙和较大的自旋轨道耦合,可实现快速自旋翻转。这种组合可产生 458 纳米波长的深蓝色发射,在溶液中的半最大窄全宽为 12 纳米,反向系统间交叉速率常数为 2.29 × 106 s-1,与基于重原子的多共振热激活延迟荧光分子的速率常数相当。相关的单单元有机发光二极管的外部量子效率为 39.2%,色坐标为(0.141,0.050),半最大窄全宽为 14 纳米。此外,双单元叠加串联超荧光有机发光二极管的外部量子效率达到 74.5%,而且在高亮度值下效率衰减较低。这一性能在深蓝区域的效率和色彩纯度之间实现了出色的平衡,标志着向高能效超高色彩-高亮度显示器迈出了重要一步。
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Nature Photonics
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