Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01474-3
M. Galletti, R. Assmann, M. E. Couprie, M. Ferrario, L. Giannessi, A. Irman, R. Pompili, W. Wang
Plasma-wakefield-based acceleration technology has the potential to revolutionize the field of particle accelerators. By providing acceleration gradients orders of magnitude larger than conventional radiofrequency particle accelerators, this technology allows accelerators to be reduced to the centimetre length scale. It also provides a new compact approach for driving free-electron lasers, a valuable source of high-brilliance ultrashort coherent radiation within the infrared to X-ray spectral range for the study of subatomic matter, ultrafast dynamics of complex systems and X-ray nonlinear optics, among other applications. Several laboratories around the world are working on the realization of these new light sources, exploring different configurations for the plasma wakefield driver beam, plasma stage design and operational regime. This Review describes the operating principles of plasma accelerators, an overview of recent experimental milestones for plasma-driven free-electron lasers in self-amplified spontaneous emission and seeded configurations, and highlights the remaining major challenges in the field. This Review examines the principles of operation and progress made in developing free-electron lasers that feature plasma-wakefield-acceleration technology.
基于等离子唤醒场的加速技术有可能彻底改变粒子加速器领域。通过提供比传统射频粒子加速器大几个数量级的加速梯度，该技术可将加速器的长度缩减到厘米级。它还为驱动自由电子激光器提供了一种新的紧凑型方法，而自由电子激光器是红外至 X 射线光谱范围内高亮度超短相干辐射的重要来源，可用于研究亚原子物质、复杂系统的超快动力学和 X 射线非线性光学等应用。世界各地的一些实验室正在努力实现这些新光源，探索等离子体汪场驱动光束的不同配置、等离子体平台设计和运行机制。本综述介绍了等离子体加速器的工作原理，概述了自放大自发辐射和种子配置等离子体驱动自由电子激光器的最新实验里程碑，并重点介绍了该领域仍然存在的主要挑战。
{"title":"Prospects for free-electron lasers powered by plasma-wakefield-accelerated beams","authors":"M. Galletti, R. Assmann, M. E. Couprie, M. Ferrario, L. Giannessi, A. Irman, R. Pompili, W. Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01474-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01474-3","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma-wakefield-based acceleration technology has the potential to revolutionize the field of particle accelerators. By providing acceleration gradients orders of magnitude larger than conventional radiofrequency particle accelerators, this technology allows accelerators to be reduced to the centimetre length scale. It also provides a new compact approach for driving free-electron lasers, a valuable source of high-brilliance ultrashort coherent radiation within the infrared to X-ray spectral range for the study of subatomic matter, ultrafast dynamics of complex systems and X-ray nonlinear optics, among other applications. Several laboratories around the world are working on the realization of these new light sources, exploring different configurations for the plasma wakefield driver beam, plasma stage design and operational regime. This Review describes the operating principles of plasma accelerators, an overview of recent experimental milestones for plasma-driven free-electron lasers in self-amplified spontaneous emission and seeded configurations, and highlights the remaining major challenges in the field. This Review examines the principles of operation and progress made in developing free-electron lasers that feature plasma-wakefield-acceleration technology.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 8","pages":"780-791"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01496-x
Jisu Yoo, Kyunghoon Lee, U. Jeong Yang, Hyeon Hwa Song, Jae Hong Jang, Gwang Heon Lee, Megalamane S. Bootharaju, Jun Hee Kim, Kiwook Kim, Soo Ik Park, Jung Duk Seo, Shi Li, Won Seok Yu, Jong Ik Kwon, Myoung Hoon Song, Taeghwan Hyeon, Jiwoong Yang, Moon Kee Choi
Highly efficient and high-definition displays with deformable form factors are highly desirable for next-generation electronic devices. Despite the unique advantages of quantum dots (QDs), including high photoluminescence quantum yield, wide colour range and high colour purity, developing a QD patterning process for high-definition pixels and efficient QD light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) is in its early stages. Here we present highly efficient QLEDs through ultrahigh-definition double-layer transfer printing of a QD/ZnO film. Surface engineering of viscoelastic stamps enables double-layer transfer printing that can create RGB pixelated patterns with 2,565 pixels per inch and monochromic QD patterns with ~20,526 pixels per inch. The close packing of both QDs and ZnO nanoparticles by double-layer transfer printing substantially minimizes the leakage current, enhancing the external quantum efficiency of our devices to 23.3%. Furthermore, we demonstrate highly efficient wearable QLEDs fabricated by our technique. This study paves the way for the development of highly efficient, full-colour QD displays via the transfer printing technique, demonstrating great promise for next-generation display technologies. Transfer printing of a quantum dot–ZnO film with a surface-functionalized viscoelastic stamp enables the realization of RGB QLED pixels with a resolution of 2,500 pixels per inch and a peak external quantum efficiency of 23.3% for green-emitting devices.
{"title":"Highly efficient printed quantum dot light-emitting diodes through ultrahigh-definition double-layer transfer printing","authors":"Jisu Yoo, Kyunghoon Lee, U. Jeong Yang, Hyeon Hwa Song, Jae Hong Jang, Gwang Heon Lee, Megalamane S. Bootharaju, Jun Hee Kim, Kiwook Kim, Soo Ik Park, Jung Duk Seo, Shi Li, Won Seok Yu, Jong Ik Kwon, Myoung Hoon Song, Taeghwan Hyeon, Jiwoong Yang, Moon Kee Choi","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01496-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01496-x","url":null,"abstract":"Highly efficient and high-definition displays with deformable form factors are highly desirable for next-generation electronic devices. Despite the unique advantages of quantum dots (QDs), including high photoluminescence quantum yield, wide colour range and high colour purity, developing a QD patterning process for high-definition pixels and efficient QD light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) is in its early stages. Here we present highly efficient QLEDs through ultrahigh-definition double-layer transfer printing of a QD/ZnO film. Surface engineering of viscoelastic stamps enables double-layer transfer printing that can create RGB pixelated patterns with 2,565 pixels per inch and monochromic QD patterns with ~20,526 pixels per inch. The close packing of both QDs and ZnO nanoparticles by double-layer transfer printing substantially minimizes the leakage current, enhancing the external quantum efficiency of our devices to 23.3%. Furthermore, we demonstrate highly efficient wearable QLEDs fabricated by our technique. This study paves the way for the development of highly efficient, full-colour QD displays via the transfer printing technique, demonstrating great promise for next-generation display technologies. Transfer printing of a quantum dot–ZnO film with a surface-functionalized viscoelastic stamp enables the realization of RGB QLED pixels with a resolution of 2,500 pixels per inch and a peak external quantum efficiency of 23.3% for green-emitting devices.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 10","pages":"1105-1112"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01493-0
Fei Xia, Kyungduk Kim, Yaniv Eliezer, SeungYun Han, Liam Shaughnessy, Sylvain Gigan, Hui Cao
Optical information processing and computing can potentially offer enhanced performance, scalability and energy efficiency. However, achieving nonlinearity—a critical component of computation—remains challenging in the optical domain. Here we introduce a design that leverages a multiple-scattering cavity to passively induce optical nonlinear random mapping with a continuous-wave laser at a low power. Each scattering event effectively mixes information from different areas of a spatial light modulator, resulting in a highly nonlinear mapping between the input data and output pattern. We demonstrate that our design retains vital information even when the readout dimensionality is reduced, thereby enabling optical data compression. This capability allows our optical platforms to offer efficient optical information processing solutions across applications. We demonstrate our design’s efficacy across tasks, including classification, image reconstruction, keypoint detection and object detection, all of which are achieved through optical data compression combined with a digital decoder. In particular, high performance at extreme compression ratios is observed in real-time pedestrian detection. Our findings open pathways for novel algorithms and unconventional architectural designs for optical computing. An optical accelerator is designed to leverage a multiple-scattering cavity to passively induce optical nonlinear random mapping with a continuous-wave laser at a constant low power (~21 mW), providing a new avenue for optical computing.
{"title":"Nonlinear optical encoding enabled by recurrent linear scattering","authors":"Fei Xia, Kyungduk Kim, Yaniv Eliezer, SeungYun Han, Liam Shaughnessy, Sylvain Gigan, Hui Cao","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01493-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01493-0","url":null,"abstract":"Optical information processing and computing can potentially offer enhanced performance, scalability and energy efficiency. However, achieving nonlinearity—a critical component of computation—remains challenging in the optical domain. Here we introduce a design that leverages a multiple-scattering cavity to passively induce optical nonlinear random mapping with a continuous-wave laser at a low power. Each scattering event effectively mixes information from different areas of a spatial light modulator, resulting in a highly nonlinear mapping between the input data and output pattern. We demonstrate that our design retains vital information even when the readout dimensionality is reduced, thereby enabling optical data compression. This capability allows our optical platforms to offer efficient optical information processing solutions across applications. We demonstrate our design’s efficacy across tasks, including classification, image reconstruction, keypoint detection and object detection, all of which are achieved through optical data compression combined with a digital decoder. In particular, high performance at extreme compression ratios is observed in real-time pedestrian detection. Our findings open pathways for novel algorithms and unconventional architectural designs for optical computing. An optical accelerator is designed to leverage a multiple-scattering cavity to passively induce optical nonlinear random mapping with a continuous-wave laser at a constant low power (~21 mW), providing a new avenue for optical computing.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 10","pages":"1067-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-024-01493-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01486-z
Robin R. Jones, John F. Kerr, Hyunah Kwon, Samuel R. Clowes, Ruidong Ji, Emilija Petronijevic, Liwu Zhang, G. Dan Pantoș, Brian Smith, Tim Batten, Peer Fischer, Daniel Wolverson, David L. Andrews, Ventsislav K. Valev
Chirality conferral is fundamental for understanding the origin of life, and it is of direct importance for synthesizing new pharmaceuticals in the face of growing antibiotic resistance. Human-made, self-assembling nanostructures replicate the biological chirality conferral processes utilizing covalent and non-covalent bonds. However, chirality conferral from one form of matter to another via electromagnetic fields is more subtle and less explored. Here we report chirality conferral between gold nanohelices and achiral molecules (crystal violet). This conferral enables the experimental observation of a physical effect predicted in 1979—hyper-Raman optical activity. To benefit from Fermi’s golden rule, the chirality conferral system was designed as doubly resonant, with the nanohelices and molecules resonating at the fundamental frequency and at the second-harmonic, respectively. We provide a theoretical framework for our results that expands the original mathematical formalism to include surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering and the chirality conferral process. Our results demonstrate that field-driven chirality conferral mechanisms are opening up entire fields of research, as exemplified by the discovery of a physical phenomenon. Theoretically predicted in 1979, hyper-Raman optical activity is now experimentally observed through chirality conferral from the electromagnetic field of chiral plasmonic gold nanohelices to crystal violet molecules that are achiral, sparking new science at the organic–inorganic interface.
{"title":"Chirality conferral enables the observation of hyper-Raman optical activity","authors":"Robin R. Jones, John F. Kerr, Hyunah Kwon, Samuel R. Clowes, Ruidong Ji, Emilija Petronijevic, Liwu Zhang, G. Dan Pantoș, Brian Smith, Tim Batten, Peer Fischer, Daniel Wolverson, David L. Andrews, Ventsislav K. Valev","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01486-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01486-z","url":null,"abstract":"Chirality conferral is fundamental for understanding the origin of life, and it is of direct importance for synthesizing new pharmaceuticals in the face of growing antibiotic resistance. Human-made, self-assembling nanostructures replicate the biological chirality conferral processes utilizing covalent and non-covalent bonds. However, chirality conferral from one form of matter to another via electromagnetic fields is more subtle and less explored. Here we report chirality conferral between gold nanohelices and achiral molecules (crystal violet). This conferral enables the experimental observation of a physical effect predicted in 1979—hyper-Raman optical activity. To benefit from Fermi’s golden rule, the chirality conferral system was designed as doubly resonant, with the nanohelices and molecules resonating at the fundamental frequency and at the second-harmonic, respectively. We provide a theoretical framework for our results that expands the original mathematical formalism to include surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering and the chirality conferral process. Our results demonstrate that field-driven chirality conferral mechanisms are opening up entire fields of research, as exemplified by the discovery of a physical phenomenon. Theoretically predicted in 1979, hyper-Raman optical activity is now experimentally observed through chirality conferral from the electromagnetic field of chiral plasmonic gold nanohelices to crystal violet molecules that are achiral, sparking new science at the organic–inorganic interface.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 9","pages":"982-989"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-024-01486-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable breakthroughs by leveraging multiple layers of data processing to extract hidden representations, albeit at the cost of large electronic computing power. To enhance energy efficiency and speed, the optical implementation of neural networks aims to harness the advantages of optical bandwidth and the energy efficiency of optical interconnections. In the absence of low-power optical nonlinearities, the challenge in the implementation of multilayer optical networks lies in realizing multiple optical layers without resorting to electronic components. Here we present a novel framework that uses multiple scattering, and which is capable of synthesizing programmable linear and nonlinear transformations concurrently at low optical power by leveraging the nonlinear relationship between the scattering potential, represented by data, and the scattered field. Theoretical and experimental investigations show that repeating the data by multiple scattering enables nonlinear optical computing with low-power continuous-wave light. Moreover, we empirically find that scaling of this optical framework follows a power law. Multiple scattering capable of synthesizing programmable linear and nonlinear transformations concurrently at low optical power in the order of milliwatts continuous-wave power for optical computing is demonstrated, paving the way for ultra-efficient, low-power all-optical neural networks.
{"title":"Nonlinear processing with linear optics","authors":"Mustafa Yildirim, Niyazi Ulas Dinc, Ilker Oguz, Demetri Psaltis, Christophe Moser","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01494-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01494-z","url":null,"abstract":"Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable breakthroughs by leveraging multiple layers of data processing to extract hidden representations, albeit at the cost of large electronic computing power. To enhance energy efficiency and speed, the optical implementation of neural networks aims to harness the advantages of optical bandwidth and the energy efficiency of optical interconnections. In the absence of low-power optical nonlinearities, the challenge in the implementation of multilayer optical networks lies in realizing multiple optical layers without resorting to electronic components. Here we present a novel framework that uses multiple scattering, and which is capable of synthesizing programmable linear and nonlinear transformations concurrently at low optical power by leveraging the nonlinear relationship between the scattering potential, represented by data, and the scattered field. Theoretical and experimental investigations show that repeating the data by multiple scattering enables nonlinear optical computing with low-power continuous-wave light. Moreover, we empirically find that scaling of this optical framework follows a power law. Multiple scattering capable of synthesizing programmable linear and nonlinear transformations concurrently at low optical power in the order of milliwatts continuous-wave power for optical computing is demonstrated, paving the way for ultra-efficient, low-power all-optical neural networks.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 10","pages":"1076-1082"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-024-01494-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Halide perovskites have shown great potential for X-ray detection in medical imaging and product inspection applications. However, the ion migration in perovskites causes large noise and baseline drift, deteriorating the X-ray detection and imaging performance. Here we adopt the atmosphere-controlled edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) method to grow high-quality shape-controlled CsPbBr3 single crystals (SCs) in an Ar and HBr mixed atmosphere. Compared with the vertical Bridgman (VB)-CsPbBr3 SCs, the EFG-CsPbBr3 SCs show a much lower trap density, a higher resistivity (1.61 × 1010 Ω cm) and a larger ion migration activation energy (0.378 eV), decreasing the leakage current and baseline drift. An X-ray detector based on EFG-CsPbBr3 SCs hence exhibits outstanding balanced performance, with a negligible dark-current drift of 1.68 × 10−9 μA cm−1 s−1 V−1, an incredibly low detection limit of 10.81 nGyair s−1 and a sensitivity of 46,180 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 under a high electric field of 5,000 V cm−1. Furthermore, the detector maintains a stable response for 30 days. Our work provides an effective strategy to improve lead-halide perovskite SCs for high-performance X-ray detection and imaging. The researchers improve the properties of halide perovskite for high-performance X-ray detection by edge-defined film-fed crystal growth. In particular, high resistivity, low trap density, suppressed ion migration and reduced leakage current are demonstrated. They enable detectors with an extremely low detection limit and high sensitivity.
卤化物包光体在医疗成像和产品检测应用中的 X 射线探测方面显示出巨大的潜力。然而，包晶中的离子迁移会导致较大的噪声和基线漂移，从而降低 X 射线检测和成像性能。在此，我们采用气氛控制的边缘薄膜生长（EFG）方法，在 Ar 和 HBr 混合气氛中生长出高质量形状可控的 CsPbBr3 单晶（SC）。与垂直布里奇曼（VB）-CsPbBr3 单晶相比，EFG-CsPbBr3 单晶具有更低的阱密度、更高的电阻率（1.61 × 1010 Ω cm）和更大的离子迁移活化能（0.378 eV），从而降低了泄漏电流和基线漂移。因此，基于 EFG-CsPbBr3 SCs 的 X 射线探测器具有出色的平衡性能，其暗电流漂移为 1.68 × 10-9 μA cm-1 s-1 V-1，可忽略不计；在 5,000 V cm-1 的高电场下，其探测极限低至 10.81 nGyair s-1，灵敏度高达 46,180 μC Gyair-1 cm-2。此外，该探测器还能在 30 天内保持稳定的响应。我们的工作为改进铅卤化物包晶SC以实现高性能X射线探测和成像提供了一种有效的策略。
{"title":"Suppressed ion migration for high-performance X-ray detectors based on atmosphere-controlled EFG-grown perovskite CsPbBr3 single crystals","authors":"Yunqiu Hua, Guodong Zhang, Xue Sun, Peng Zhang, Yingying Hao, Yadong Xu, Yujie Yang, Qianqian Lin, Xiang Li, Zhongjun Zhai, Fucai Cui, Hongjie Liu, Jiaxin Liu, Xutang Tao","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01480-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01480-5","url":null,"abstract":"Halide perovskites have shown great potential for X-ray detection in medical imaging and product inspection applications. However, the ion migration in perovskites causes large noise and baseline drift, deteriorating the X-ray detection and imaging performance. Here we adopt the atmosphere-controlled edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) method to grow high-quality shape-controlled CsPbBr3 single crystals (SCs) in an Ar and HBr mixed atmosphere. Compared with the vertical Bridgman (VB)-CsPbBr3 SCs, the EFG-CsPbBr3 SCs show a much lower trap density, a higher resistivity (1.61 × 1010 Ω cm) and a larger ion migration activation energy (0.378 eV), decreasing the leakage current and baseline drift. An X-ray detector based on EFG-CsPbBr3 SCs hence exhibits outstanding balanced performance, with a negligible dark-current drift of 1.68 × 10−9 μA cm−1 s−1 V−1, an incredibly low detection limit of 10.81 nGyair s−1 and a sensitivity of 46,180 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 under a high electric field of 5,000 V cm−1. Furthermore, the detector maintains a stable response for 30 days. Our work provides an effective strategy to improve lead-halide perovskite SCs for high-performance X-ray detection and imaging. The researchers improve the properties of halide perovskite for high-performance X-ray detection by edge-defined film-fed crystal growth. In particular, high resistivity, low trap density, suppressed ion migration and reduced leakage current are demonstrated. They enable detectors with an extremely low detection limit and high sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 8","pages":"870-877"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01502-2
Kyoungwon Park, Jeongmin Yi, Suk-Young Yoon, Seong Min Park, Jiyong Kim, Hyun-Beom Shin, Swarup Biswas, Gang Yeol Yoo, Sang-Hwa Moon, Jiwan Kim, Min Suk Oh, Armin Wedel, Sohee Jeong, Hyeok Kim, Soong Ju Oh, Ho Kwan Kang, Heesun Yang, Chul Jong Han
{"title":"Retraction Note: Luminescent solar concentrator efficiency enhanced via nearly lossless propagation pathways","authors":"Kyoungwon Park, Jeongmin Yi, Suk-Young Yoon, Seong Min Park, Jiyong Kim, Hyun-Beom Shin, Swarup Biswas, Gang Yeol Yoo, Sang-Hwa Moon, Jiwan Kim, Min Suk Oh, Armin Wedel, Sohee Jeong, Hyeok Kim, Soong Ju Oh, Ho Kwan Kang, Heesun Yang, Chul Jong Han","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01502-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01502-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 9","pages":"998-998"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-024-01502-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01476-1
M. Zizlsperger, S. Nerreter, Q. Yuan, K. B. Lohmann, F. Sandner, F. Schiegl, C. Meineke, Y. A. Gerasimenko, L. M. Herz, T. Siday, M. A. Huber, M. B. Johnston, R. Huber
Designing next-generation light-harvesting devices requires a detailed understanding of the transport of photoexcited charge carriers. The record-breaking efficiencies of metal halide perovskite solar cells have been linked to effective charge-carrier diffusion, yet the exact nature of charge-carrier out-of-plane transport remains notoriously difficult to explain. The characteristic spatial inhomogeneity of perovskite films with nanograins and crystallographic disorder calls for the simultaneous and hitherto elusive in situ resolution of the chemical composition, the structural phase and the ultrafast dynamics of the local out-of-plane transport. Here we simultaneously probe the intrinsic out-of-plane charge-carrier diffusion and the nanoscale morphology by pushing depth-sensitive terahertz near-field nanospectroscopy to extreme subcycle timescales. In films of the organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(I1−xClx)3 (where FA is formamidinium), domains of the cubic α-phase are clearly distinguished from the trigonal δ-phase and PbI2 nano-islands. By analysing deep-subcycle time shifts of the scattered terahertz waveform after photoexcitation, we access the vertical charge-carrier dynamics within single grains. At all of the measured locations, despite topographic irregularities, diffusion is surprisingly homogeneous on the 100 nm scale, although it varies between mesoscopic regions. Linking in situ carrier transport with nanoscale morphology and chemical composition could introduce a paradigm shift for the analysis and optimization of next-generation optoelectronics that are based on nanocrystalline materials. Transient visible-pump terahertz-probe near-field microscopy enables the simultaneous retrieval of the local chemical composition, crystallographic structure, topography and out-of-plane charge-carrier diffusion in perovskite films.
{"title":"In situ nanoscopy of single-grain nanomorphology and ultrafast carrier dynamics in metal halide perovskites","authors":"M. Zizlsperger, S. Nerreter, Q. Yuan, K. B. Lohmann, F. Sandner, F. Schiegl, C. Meineke, Y. A. Gerasimenko, L. M. Herz, T. Siday, M. A. Huber, M. B. Johnston, R. Huber","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01476-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01476-1","url":null,"abstract":"Designing next-generation light-harvesting devices requires a detailed understanding of the transport of photoexcited charge carriers. The record-breaking efficiencies of metal halide perovskite solar cells have been linked to effective charge-carrier diffusion, yet the exact nature of charge-carrier out-of-plane transport remains notoriously difficult to explain. The characteristic spatial inhomogeneity of perovskite films with nanograins and crystallographic disorder calls for the simultaneous and hitherto elusive in situ resolution of the chemical composition, the structural phase and the ultrafast dynamics of the local out-of-plane transport. Here we simultaneously probe the intrinsic out-of-plane charge-carrier diffusion and the nanoscale morphology by pushing depth-sensitive terahertz near-field nanospectroscopy to extreme subcycle timescales. In films of the organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(I1−xClx)3 (where FA is formamidinium), domains of the cubic α-phase are clearly distinguished from the trigonal δ-phase and PbI2 nano-islands. By analysing deep-subcycle time shifts of the scattered terahertz waveform after photoexcitation, we access the vertical charge-carrier dynamics within single grains. At all of the measured locations, despite topographic irregularities, diffusion is surprisingly homogeneous on the 100 nm scale, although it varies between mesoscopic regions. Linking in situ carrier transport with nanoscale morphology and chemical composition could introduce a paradigm shift for the analysis and optimization of next-generation optoelectronics that are based on nanocrystalline materials. Transient visible-pump terahertz-probe near-field microscopy enables the simultaneous retrieval of the local chemical composition, crystallographic structure, topography and out-of-plane charge-carrier diffusion in perovskite films.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 9","pages":"975-981"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01475-2
Maxwell LaBerge, Brant Bowers, Yen-Yu Chang, Jurjen Couperus Cabadağ, Alexander Debus, Andrea Hannasch, Richard Pausch, Susanne Schöbel, Jessica Tiebel, Patrick Ufer, Anna Willmann, Omid Zarini, Rafal Zgadzaj, Alex H. Lumpkin, Ulrich Schramm, Arie Irman, M. C. Downer
Plasma wakefield accelerators use tabletop equipment to produce relativistic femtosecond electron bunches. Optical and X-ray diagnostics have established that their charge concentrates within a micrometre-sized volume, but its sub-micrometre internal distribution, which critically influences gain in free-electron lasers or particle yield in colliders, has proven elusive to characterize. Here, by simultaneously imaging different wavelengths of coherent optical transition radiation that a laser-wakefield-accelerated electron bunch generates when exiting a metal foil, we reveal the structure of the coherently radiating component of bunch charge. The key features of the images are shown to uniquely correlate with how plasma electrons injected into the wake: by a plasma-density discontinuity, by ionizing high-Z gas-target dopants or by uncontrolled laser–plasma dynamics. With additional input from the electron spectra, spatially averaged coherent optical transition radiation spectra and particle-in-cell simulations, we reconstruct coherent three-dimensional charge structures. The results demonstrate an essential metrology for next-generation compact X-ray free-electron lasers driven by plasma-based accelerators. Imaging the visible light emitted from accelerated electron bunches reveals important information about the three-dimensional charge structure of the bunches, which strongly influences the performance of free-electron lasers.
等离子体汪场加速器使用台式设备产生相对论飞秒电子束。光学和 X 射线诊断确定了它们的电荷集中在一个微米大小的体积内，但其亚微米级的内部分布对自由电子激光器中的增益或对撞机中的粒子产率有着至关重要的影响，却难以确定其特征。在这里，我们通过对激光唤醒场加速的电子束在离开金属箔时产生的不同波长的相干光过渡辐射同时成像，揭示了电子束电荷的相干辐射成分的结构。图像的主要特征与等离子体电子注入唤醒的方式有独特的关联：等离子体密度不连续、电离高Z气体-目标掺杂物或不受控制的激光-等离子体动力学。通过电子能谱、空间平均相干光转换辐射能谱和粒子入胞模拟的额外输入，我们重建了相干的三维电荷结构。研究结果表明，由等离子体加速器驱动的下一代紧凑型 X 射线自由电子激光器需要一种重要的度量方法。
{"title":"Revealing the three-dimensional structure of microbunched plasma-wakefield-accelerated electron beams","authors":"Maxwell LaBerge, Brant Bowers, Yen-Yu Chang, Jurjen Couperus Cabadağ, Alexander Debus, Andrea Hannasch, Richard Pausch, Susanne Schöbel, Jessica Tiebel, Patrick Ufer, Anna Willmann, Omid Zarini, Rafal Zgadzaj, Alex H. Lumpkin, Ulrich Schramm, Arie Irman, M. C. Downer","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01475-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01475-2","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma wakefield accelerators use tabletop equipment to produce relativistic femtosecond electron bunches. Optical and X-ray diagnostics have established that their charge concentrates within a micrometre-sized volume, but its sub-micrometre internal distribution, which critically influences gain in free-electron lasers or particle yield in colliders, has proven elusive to characterize. Here, by simultaneously imaging different wavelengths of coherent optical transition radiation that a laser-wakefield-accelerated electron bunch generates when exiting a metal foil, we reveal the structure of the coherently radiating component of bunch charge. The key features of the images are shown to uniquely correlate with how plasma electrons injected into the wake: by a plasma-density discontinuity, by ionizing high-Z gas-target dopants or by uncontrolled laser–plasma dynamics. With additional input from the electron spectra, spatially averaged coherent optical transition radiation spectra and particle-in-cell simulations, we reconstruct coherent three-dimensional charge structures. The results demonstrate an essential metrology for next-generation compact X-ray free-electron lasers driven by plasma-based accelerators. Imaging the visible light emitted from accelerated electron bunches reveals important information about the three-dimensional charge structure of the bunches, which strongly influences the performance of free-electron lasers.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 9","pages":"952-959"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-024-01475-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141625103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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