Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1038/s41566-025-01823-w
Francesco Gucci, Eduardo B. Molinero, Mattia Russo, Pablo San-Jose, Franco V. A. Camargo, Margherita Maiuri, Misha Ivanov, Álvaro Jiménez-Galán, Rui E. F. Silva, Stefano Dal Conte, Giulio Cerullo
{"title":"Encoding and manipulating ultrafast coherent valleytronic information with lightwaves","authors":"Francesco Gucci, Eduardo B. Molinero, Mattia Russo, Pablo San-Jose, Franco V. A. Camargo, Margherita Maiuri, Misha Ivanov, Álvaro Jiménez-Galán, Rui E. F. Silva, Stefano Dal Conte, Giulio Cerullo","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01823-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-025-01823-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":35.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1038/s41566-025-01810-1
Dongdong Zhang, Hengyi Dai, Hai Zhang, Lian Duan
As a revolutionary display technology, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have achieved remarkable technological progress and commercial success in recent years. However, despite years of intensive research, high-efficiency deep-blue OLEDs with a long device lifetime remain elusive. Sensitized fluorescence, in which phosphorescence or thermally activated delayed fluorescence sensitizers are combined with narrowband fluorophores as terminal emitters, has emerged as a promising solution. This synergistic strategy holds great potential for thermodynamically and kinetically stabilizing deep-blue devices, alongside realizing unity exciton utilization efficiency and narrowband electroluminescence. Here we highlight recent advancements in the molecular design of sensitizers and narrowband emitters, as well as the optimization of their combination, for applications in deep-blue sensitized fluorescent devices. We also identify key challenges and outline pathways for the future commercialization of highly efficient and stable blue OLEDs that go beyond conventional fluorescence. This Review discusses recent advances in sensitized fluorescence emitters for deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes, reviewing progress in molecular design and device performance as well as key remaining challenges.
{"title":"Stable deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes based on sensitized fluorescence","authors":"Dongdong Zhang, Hengyi Dai, Hai Zhang, Lian Duan","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01810-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01810-1","url":null,"abstract":"As a revolutionary display technology, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have achieved remarkable technological progress and commercial success in recent years. However, despite years of intensive research, high-efficiency deep-blue OLEDs with a long device lifetime remain elusive. Sensitized fluorescence, in which phosphorescence or thermally activated delayed fluorescence sensitizers are combined with narrowband fluorophores as terminal emitters, has emerged as a promising solution. This synergistic strategy holds great potential for thermodynamically and kinetically stabilizing deep-blue devices, alongside realizing unity exciton utilization efficiency and narrowband electroluminescence. Here we highlight recent advancements in the molecular design of sensitizers and narrowband emitters, as well as the optimization of their combination, for applications in deep-blue sensitized fluorescent devices. We also identify key challenges and outline pathways for the future commercialization of highly efficient and stable blue OLEDs that go beyond conventional fluorescence. This Review discusses recent advances in sensitized fluorescence emitters for deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes, reviewing progress in molecular design and device performance as well as key remaining challenges.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"20 2","pages":"136-150"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145937553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autonomous colour correction embedded into an individual pixel is crucial to create next-generation intelligent visual systems. Although existing feedback circuits enable robust ex situ colour correction, they remain bulky with logic complexity. Here we propose in-pixel colour correction by integrating three panchromatic organic active adaptation transistors as a single pixel, each featuring two complementary broadband bulk heterojunctions. The devices display an active adaptation index, that is, a change in photosensitivity as a function of orders of magnitude changes in luminance, of over 150 to red, green and blue light stimuli. More importantly, the subpixels adapt following the von Kries coefficient law, thereby mimicking the ability of a human visual system to adjust to changes in illumination and preserve the appearance of colours. Our proof-of-concept device array, under distorted light conditions, achieves a recognition accuracy of >96.3% in a convolutional neural network simulation. These results represent a key step for constructing a new generation of smart visual systems with in-sensor functionalities. A colour correction array featuring red-, green- and blue-sensitive organic transistors integrated within a single pixel enables self-adaptive intensity and colour correction.
{"title":"In-pixel colour correction with organic self-adaptive transistors","authors":"Zihan He, Wei Wang, Zepang Zhan, Lingxuan Jia, Yutao Ge, Zitong Zhan, Peiyao Xue, Weijie Wang, Lanyi Xiang, Yingqiao Ma, Yawen Li, Zhiyi Li, Xiaojuan Dai, Dekai Ye, Liyao Liu, Fengjiao Zhang, Ye Zou, Yuze Lin, Xiaowei Zhan, Daoben Zhu, Chong-an Di","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01812-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01812-z","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous colour correction embedded into an individual pixel is crucial to create next-generation intelligent visual systems. Although existing feedback circuits enable robust ex situ colour correction, they remain bulky with logic complexity. Here we propose in-pixel colour correction by integrating three panchromatic organic active adaptation transistors as a single pixel, each featuring two complementary broadband bulk heterojunctions. The devices display an active adaptation index, that is, a change in photosensitivity as a function of orders of magnitude changes in luminance, of over 150 to red, green and blue light stimuli. More importantly, the subpixels adapt following the von Kries coefficient law, thereby mimicking the ability of a human visual system to adjust to changes in illumination and preserve the appearance of colours. Our proof-of-concept device array, under distorted light conditions, achieves a recognition accuracy of >96.3% in a convolutional neural network simulation. These results represent a key step for constructing a new generation of smart visual systems with in-sensor functionalities. A colour correction array featuring red-, green- and blue-sensitive organic transistors integrated within a single pixel enables self-adaptive intensity and colour correction.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"20 2","pages":"194-201"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41566-025-01809-8
Seong Sik Shin, Byung-wook Park, Jun Hong Noh, Sang Il Seok
Interlayers (ILs) play a pivotal role in perovskite solar cells, enabling efficient charge extraction, suppressing recombination and enhancing device stability. Positioned between the light-absorbing perovskite layer and the electrodes, ILs facilitate selective carrier transport while mitigating interfacial losses. Unlike GaAs cells and heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer silicon cells, which benefit from coherent, chemically compatible interfaces, perovskite solar cells exhibit structural and energetic mismatches at the interfaces between the perovskite and charge transport layers (CTLs). To address these challenges, functional interfacial ILs are introduced at both the CTL/perovskite and CTL/electrode interfaces. This Review examines the evolution of these ILs, from simple passivation layers to multifunctional components that regulate electric fields and carrier dynamics. We highlight recent advances in materials and architectures, classify ILs by their device position and discuss design strategies inspired by mature photovoltaic technologies. We argue that interfacial IL engineering is crucial to radiative efficiency and stable, high-performance perovskite solar cells. This Review discusses recent advances in interlayer engineering for perovskite solar cells, highlighting promising materials and architectures that could improve the stability and efficiency of devices.
{"title":"Interlayer engineering in metal halide perovskite photovoltaics","authors":"Seong Sik Shin, Byung-wook Park, Jun Hong Noh, Sang Il Seok","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01809-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01809-8","url":null,"abstract":"Interlayers (ILs) play a pivotal role in perovskite solar cells, enabling efficient charge extraction, suppressing recombination and enhancing device stability. Positioned between the light-absorbing perovskite layer and the electrodes, ILs facilitate selective carrier transport while mitigating interfacial losses. Unlike GaAs cells and heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer silicon cells, which benefit from coherent, chemically compatible interfaces, perovskite solar cells exhibit structural and energetic mismatches at the interfaces between the perovskite and charge transport layers (CTLs). To address these challenges, functional interfacial ILs are introduced at both the CTL/perovskite and CTL/electrode interfaces. This Review examines the evolution of these ILs, from simple passivation layers to multifunctional components that regulate electric fields and carrier dynamics. We highlight recent advances in materials and architectures, classify ILs by their device position and discuss design strategies inspired by mature photovoltaic technologies. We argue that interfacial IL engineering is crucial to radiative efficiency and stable, high-performance perovskite solar cells. This Review discusses recent advances in interlayer engineering for perovskite solar cells, highlighting promising materials and architectures that could improve the stability and efficiency of devices.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"20 1","pages":"11-23"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41566-025-01829-4
Keigo Kawase, Goro Isoyama
Modulating an electron beam with a frequency-beating laser enables a free-electron laser to generate high-power, narrowband terahertz pulses that can be continuously tuned from 7.8 to 30.8 terahertz.
{"title":"Electron shaping for continuous terahertz coverage","authors":"Keigo Kawase, Goro Isoyama","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01829-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01829-4","url":null,"abstract":"Modulating an electron beam with a frequency-beating laser enables a free-electron laser to generate high-power, narrowband terahertz pulses that can be continuously tuned from 7.8 to 30.8 terahertz.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1038/s41566-025-01828-5
Carlos A. Ríos Ocampo, Nathan Youngblood
Optical computing has been limited to vector–matrix multiplications, with matrix–matrix operations requiring wavelength- or time-division multiplexing, reducing energy efficiency and speed. Now, researchers have demonstrated a free-space optical approach that overcomes these limitations, enabling parallel matrix–matrix and tensor–matrix multiplications in a single optical operation.
{"title":"Multiplying matrices in a single pass with light","authors":"Carlos A. Ríos Ocampo, Nathan Youngblood","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01828-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01828-5","url":null,"abstract":"Optical computing has been limited to vector–matrix multiplications, with matrix–matrix operations requiring wavelength- or time-division multiplexing, reducing energy efficiency and speed. Now, researchers have demonstrated a free-space optical approach that overcomes these limitations, enabling parallel matrix–matrix and tensor–matrix multiplications in a single optical operation.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"20 1","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1038/s41566-025-01821-y
Giampaolo Pitruzzello
From super-resolution endoscopes to multi-photon microscopes, photonic technologies are being translated from laboratory innovations to tools for clinical diagnosis and biological inquiry.
从超分辨率内窥镜到多光子显微镜，光子技术正在从实验室创新转化为临床诊断和生物学研究的工具。
{"title":"Photonics looks deeper into biology","authors":"Giampaolo Pitruzzello","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01821-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01821-y","url":null,"abstract":"From super-resolution endoscopes to multi-photon microscopes, photonic technologies are being translated from laboratory innovations to tools for clinical diagnosis and biological inquiry.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"20 1","pages":"8-10"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1038/s41566-025-01818-7
Jung-El Ryu, Jeehwan Kim
A nanostencil lithography technique enables fabricating arrays of green-emitting OLEDs with pixels as small as 100 nm and an external quantum efficiency of 13.1%.
纳米模板光刻技术可以制造像素小至100纳米的绿色发光oled阵列，外部量子效率为13.1%。
{"title":"Electrically controlled nano-OLED metasurfaces","authors":"Jung-El Ryu, Jeehwan Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41566-025-01818-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-025-01818-7","url":null,"abstract":"A nanostencil lithography technique enables fabricating arrays of green-emitting OLEDs with pixels as small as 100 nm and an external quantum efficiency of 13.1%.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"20 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":32.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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