Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01524-w
Ohad Lib, Yaron Bromberg
Quantum computers can revolutionize science and technology, but their realization remains challenging across all platforms. A promising route to scalability is photonic-measurement-based quantum computation, where single-qubit measurements on large cluster states, together with feedforward steps, enable fault-tolerant quantum computation; however, generating large cluster states at high rates is notoriously difficult as detection probabilities drop exponentially with the number of photons comprising the state. We tackle this challenge by encoding multiple qubits on each photon through high-dimensional spatial encoding, generating cluster states with over nine qubits at a rate of 100 Hz. We also demonstrate that high-dimensional encoding substantially reduces the computation duration by enabling instantaneous feedforward between qubits encoded in the same photon. Our findings pave the way for resource-efficient measurement-based quantum computation using high-dimensional entanglement. By entangling multiple qudits within the Hilbert space of each photon, cluster states with up to 9.28 qubits are generated at a rate of 100 Hz. The high-dimensional encoding substantially reduces the computation duration compared to the standard two-dimensional encoding.
{"title":"Resource-efficient photonic quantum computation with high-dimensional cluster states","authors":"Ohad Lib, Yaron Bromberg","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01524-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01524-w","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computers can revolutionize science and technology, but their realization remains challenging across all platforms. A promising route to scalability is photonic-measurement-based quantum computation, where single-qubit measurements on large cluster states, together with feedforward steps, enable fault-tolerant quantum computation; however, generating large cluster states at high rates is notoriously difficult as detection probabilities drop exponentially with the number of photons comprising the state. We tackle this challenge by encoding multiple qubits on each photon through high-dimensional spatial encoding, generating cluster states with over nine qubits at a rate of 100 Hz. We also demonstrate that high-dimensional encoding substantially reduces the computation duration by enabling instantaneous feedforward between qubits encoded in the same photon. Our findings pave the way for resource-efficient measurement-based quantum computation using high-dimensional entanglement. By entangling multiple qudits within the Hilbert space of each photon, cluster states with up to 9.28 qubits are generated at a rate of 100 Hz. The high-dimensional encoding substantially reduces the computation duration compared to the standard two-dimensional encoding.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 11","pages":"1218-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142234510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) provides broadband, high-resolution, high-sensitivity amplitude and phase spectra within a short measurement time, thus holding promises for atmospheric spectroscopy. However, previous research has been limited to measuring over open-air paths of about 20 km. Here, by developing a bistatic set-up using time–frequency dissemination and high-power optical frequency combs, we implement DCS over a 113 km turbulent horizontal open-air path. We successfully measure the absorbance spectra of CO2 and H2O with a 7 nm spectral bandwidth and a 10 kHz frequency accuracy, and achieve a sensing precision of <2 ppm in 5 min and <0.6 ppm in 36 min for CO2. We anticipate our system to find immediate applications in the monitoring of urban greenhouse gas and gaseous pollutants emission. Our technology may also be extended to satellite-based DCS for greenhouse gas monitoring and calibration measurements. Dual-comb spectroscopy with time–frequency dissemination and high-power frequency combs enables sensing CO2 and H2O over a 113 km turbulent open-air path, with a sensing precision as high as 2 parts per million of CO2.
{"title":"Dual-comb spectroscopy over a 100 km open-air path","authors":"Jin-Jian Han, Wei Zhong, Ruo-Can Zhao, Ting Zeng, Min Li, Jian Lu, Xin-Xin Peng, Xi-Ping Shi, Qin Yin, Yong Wang, Ali Esamdin, Qi Shen, Jian-Yu Guan, Lei Hou, Ji-Gang Ren, Jian-Jun Jia, Yu Wang, Hai-Feng Jiang, Xiang-Hui Xue, Qiang Zhang, Xian-Kang Dou, Jian-Wei Pan","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01525-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01525-9","url":null,"abstract":"Dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) provides broadband, high-resolution, high-sensitivity amplitude and phase spectra within a short measurement time, thus holding promises for atmospheric spectroscopy. However, previous research has been limited to measuring over open-air paths of about 20 km. Here, by developing a bistatic set-up using time–frequency dissemination and high-power optical frequency combs, we implement DCS over a 113 km turbulent horizontal open-air path. We successfully measure the absorbance spectra of CO2 and H2O with a 7 nm spectral bandwidth and a 10 kHz frequency accuracy, and achieve a sensing precision of <2 ppm in 5 min and <0.6 ppm in 36 min for CO2. We anticipate our system to find immediate applications in the monitoring of urban greenhouse gas and gaseous pollutants emission. Our technology may also be extended to satellite-based DCS for greenhouse gas monitoring and calibration measurements. Dual-comb spectroscopy with time–frequency dissemination and high-power frequency combs enables sensing CO2 and H2O over a 113 km turbulent open-air path, with a sensing precision as high as 2 parts per million of CO2.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 11","pages":"1195-1202"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01523-x
Rachel Won
The field of plasmonics continues to show its potential scientific and technological impact, as new companies exploiting plasmonics beyond sensing applications emerge.
{"title":"Plasmonics commercialized?","authors":"Rachel Won","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01523-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01523-x","url":null,"abstract":"The field of plasmonics continues to show its potential scientific and technological impact, as new companies exploiting plasmonics beyond sensing applications emerge.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 9","pages":"895-897"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01509-9
Giulia Tagliabue, Harry A. Atwater, Albert Polman, Emiliano Cortés
The mitigation of climate change requires major transformations in the ways we generate energy and operate technologies that release carbon dioxide. Photonic concepts and novel light-driven technologies provide many potential solutions, transforming our current modes of energy use into more effective and sustainable ones.
{"title":"Photonic solutions help fight climate crisis","authors":"Giulia Tagliabue, Harry A. Atwater, Albert Polman, Emiliano Cortés","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01509-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01509-9","url":null,"abstract":"The mitigation of climate change requires major transformations in the ways we generate energy and operate technologies that release carbon dioxide. Photonic concepts and novel light-driven technologies provide many potential solutions, transforming our current modes of energy use into more effective and sustainable ones.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 9","pages":"879-882"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01511-1
Mingyang Cai, Fengnian Xia
Silicon photonic circuits offer a promising solution for the interconnect bottleneck for advanced computing systems, but they typically require additional materials, such as germanium for photodetection. An all-silicon receiver capable of handling a data stream at 1.28 terabits per second is paving the way for future optical interconnects.
{"title":"An all-silicon solution","authors":"Mingyang Cai, Fengnian Xia","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01511-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01511-1","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon photonic circuits offer a promising solution for the interconnect bottleneck for advanced computing systems, but they typically require additional materials, such as germanium for photodetection. An all-silicon receiver capable of handling a data stream at 1.28 terabits per second is paving the way for future optical interconnects.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 9","pages":"890-891"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01519-7
Rachel Won
Nathalie Picqué, the new director at the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin, Germany, tells us all we need to know about frequency combs and dual-comb spectroscopy, and shares with us some golden tips on becoming a successful scientist.
{"title":"Dual-comb wonders","authors":"Rachel Won","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01519-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01519-7","url":null,"abstract":"Nathalie Picqué, the new director at the Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy (MBI) in Berlin, Germany, tells us all we need to know about frequency combs and dual-comb spectroscopy, and shares with us some golden tips on becoming a successful scientist.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 9","pages":"883-885"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01498-9
Yasutaka Kitahama, Keisuke Goda
Short-wave infrared photothermal microscopy enables deep-tissue vibrational imaging at millimetre depth with high sensitivity and sub-cellular spatial resolution, offering potential for applications in biological and medical fields.
{"title":"Vibrational imaging goes deeper and finer","authors":"Yasutaka Kitahama, Keisuke Goda","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01498-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01498-9","url":null,"abstract":"Short-wave infrared photothermal microscopy enables deep-tissue vibrational imaging at millimetre depth with high sensitivity and sub-cellular spatial resolution, offering potential for applications in biological and medical fields.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 9","pages":"888-889"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01510-2
Susanne Baumann, Sebastian Loth
Terahertz waveforms can now be measured with atomic-scale spatial resolution as a result of a new form of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy that uses tunnelling electrons as an ultrafast, localized probe. The approach paves the way for ultrafast optical surface analysis at the scale of individual molecules or atoms.
{"title":"Shrinking time-domain spectroscopy to atomic dimensions","authors":"Susanne Baumann, Sebastian Loth","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01510-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01510-2","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz waveforms can now be measured with atomic-scale spatial resolution as a result of a new form of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy that uses tunnelling electrons as an ultrafast, localized probe. The approach paves the way for ultrafast optical surface analysis at the scale of individual molecules or atoms.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 9","pages":"886-887"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1038/s41566-024-01514-y
Etienne Brasselet
The nonlinear optical response of achiral molecules spread on chiral nanostructured substrates and subjected to circularly polarized light is examined. The experiment is a step towards confirming a long-standing theoretical prediction: hyper-Raman optical activity.
{"title":"Chiral nonlinear optical inheritance","authors":"Etienne Brasselet","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01514-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41566-024-01514-y","url":null,"abstract":"The nonlinear optical response of achiral molecules spread on chiral nanostructured substrates and subjected to circularly polarized light is examined. The experiment is a step towards confirming a long-standing theoretical prediction: hyper-Raman optical activity.","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":"18 9","pages":"892-893"},"PeriodicalIF":32.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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