Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01903-1
Efrén López-Blanco, Elmer Topp-Jørgensen, Torben R. Christensen, Morten Rasch, Henrik Skov, Marie F. Arndal, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Terry V. Callaghan, Niels M. Schmidt
The Russian invasion of Ukraine hampers the ability to adequately describe conditions across the Arctic, thus biasing the view on Arctic change. Here we benchmark the pan-Arctic representativeness of the largest high-latitude research station network, INTERACT, with or without Russian stations. Excluding Russian stations lowers representativeness markedly, with some biases being of the same magnitude as the expected shifts caused by climate change by the end of the century. The authors investigate the impacts of excluding ecosystem data from Russian stations in the Arctic. While the current network of Arctic stations is already biased, the exclusion of Russian stations lowers representativeness and creates further biases that can rival end-of-century climate change shifts.
{"title":"Towards an increasingly biased view on Arctic change","authors":"Efrén López-Blanco, Elmer Topp-Jørgensen, Torben R. Christensen, Morten Rasch, Henrik Skov, Marie F. Arndal, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Terry V. Callaghan, Niels M. Schmidt","doi":"10.1038/s41558-023-01903-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-023-01903-1","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian invasion of Ukraine hampers the ability to adequately describe conditions across the Arctic, thus biasing the view on Arctic change. Here we benchmark the pan-Arctic representativeness of the largest high-latitude research station network, INTERACT, with or without Russian stations. Excluding Russian stations lowers representativeness markedly, with some biases being of the same magnitude as the expected shifts caused by climate change by the end of the century. The authors investigate the impacts of excluding ecosystem data from Russian stations in the Arctic. While the current network of Arctic stations is already biased, the exclusion of Russian stations lowers representativeness and creates further biases that can rival end-of-century climate change shifts.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"14 2","pages":"152-155"},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01903-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139510828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01917-9
Martijn L. Vandegehuchte
Climate warming can impact predators directly as well as indirectly by affecting their prey and habitat. How predators respond to such changes is largely unknown. Now, experimental work shows the ability of spiders to adjust their webs in response to warming-induced changes in plant communities that alter prey size distributions.
{"title":"Predator behaviour is altered by climate warming effects rippling through food webs","authors":"Martijn L. Vandegehuchte","doi":"10.1038/s41558-023-01917-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-023-01917-9","url":null,"abstract":"Climate warming can impact predators directly as well as indirectly by affecting their prey and habitat. How predators respond to such changes is largely unknown. Now, experimental work shows the ability of spiders to adjust their webs in response to warming-induced changes in plant communities that alter prey size distributions.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"14 2","pages":"122-123"},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139510880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01918-8
Xiaoli Hu, Xinwei Wu, Qingping Zhou, Karl J. Niklas, Lin Jiang, Nico Eisenhauer, Peter B. Reich, Shucun Sun
Predators may adapt to global warming via behavioural plasticity. However, empirical evidence showing such adaptations in terrestrial ecosystems is scarce. Here we report behavioural shifts that alter the web mesh size of two dominant predatory spider species in response to experimental warming in an alpine meadow field. Experimental large open-top chambers increased the mean annual air temperature by 0.6 °C, resulting in a decrease in the web mesh size of the large spider (−43.6%), and an increase in the web mesh size of the small spider (+79.8%). Structural equation models indicated that the changes in mesh size and web area were primarily the result of warming-induced changes in prey size spectra, which in turn were impacted by warming-induced changes in soil moisture and plant community. These results indicate that predators can adjust their behavioural responses to warming-induced changes in the physical setting and prey community. The authors show shifts in predatory spider web mesh size under experimental warming in an alpine meadow. Web mesh size decreased for a large spider species, but increased for a small species, with changes linked to altered prey size spectra following soil moisture and plant community shifts.
{"title":"Warming causes contrasting spider behavioural responses by changing their prey size spectra","authors":"Xiaoli Hu, Xinwei Wu, Qingping Zhou, Karl J. Niklas, Lin Jiang, Nico Eisenhauer, Peter B. Reich, Shucun Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41558-023-01918-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-023-01918-8","url":null,"abstract":"Predators may adapt to global warming via behavioural plasticity. However, empirical evidence showing such adaptations in terrestrial ecosystems is scarce. Here we report behavioural shifts that alter the web mesh size of two dominant predatory spider species in response to experimental warming in an alpine meadow field. Experimental large open-top chambers increased the mean annual air temperature by 0.6 °C, resulting in a decrease in the web mesh size of the large spider (−43.6%), and an increase in the web mesh size of the small spider (+79.8%). Structural equation models indicated that the changes in mesh size and web area were primarily the result of warming-induced changes in prey size spectra, which in turn were impacted by warming-induced changes in soil moisture and plant community. These results indicate that predators can adjust their behavioural responses to warming-induced changes in the physical setting and prey community. The authors show shifts in predatory spider web mesh size under experimental warming in an alpine meadow. Web mesh size decreased for a large spider species, but increased for a small species, with changes linked to altered prey size spectra following soil moisture and plant community shifts.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"14 2","pages":"190-197"},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139510888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01909-9
Christina Schädel, Brendan M. Rogers, David M. Lawrence, Charles D. Koven, Victor Brovkin, Eleanor J. Burke, Hélène Genet, Deborah N. Huntzinger, Elchin Jafarov, A. David McGuire, William J. Riley, Susan M. Natali
Accurate representation of permafrost carbon emissions is crucial for climate projections, yet current Earth system models inadequately represent permafrost carbon. Sustained funding opportunities are needed from government and private sectors for prioritized model development.
{"title":"Earth system models must include permafrost carbon processes","authors":"Christina Schädel, Brendan M. Rogers, David M. Lawrence, Charles D. Koven, Victor Brovkin, Eleanor J. Burke, Hélène Genet, Deborah N. Huntzinger, Elchin Jafarov, A. David McGuire, William J. Riley, Susan M. Natali","doi":"10.1038/s41558-023-01909-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-023-01909-9","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate representation of permafrost carbon emissions is crucial for climate projections, yet current Earth system models inadequately represent permafrost carbon. Sustained funding opportunities are needed from government and private sectors for prioritized model development.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"14 2","pages":"114-116"},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139489256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01905-z
Asif Ishtiaque, Timothy J. Krupnik, Vijesh Krishna, Md. Nasir Uddin, Jeetendra Prakash Aryal, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Shalander Kumar, Muhammad Faisal Shahzad, Rajan Bhatt, Maaz Gardezi, Chandra Sekhar Bahinipati, Shahnaz Begum Nazu, Rajiv Ghimire, Asif Reza Anik, Tek B. Sapkota, Madhusudan Ghosh, Roshan Subedi, Asif Sardar, K. M. Zasim Uddin, Arun Khatri-Chhetri, Md. Shahinoor Rahman, Balwinder-Singh, Meha Jain
Despite the promise of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) to improve food security in South Asia, most CSA practices and technologies have not been widely adopted. We identify the key barriers to CSA adoption in South Asia and suggest strategies to overcome them to increase CSA adoption at scale.
{"title":"Overcoming barriers to climate-smart agriculture in South Asia","authors":"Asif Ishtiaque, Timothy J. Krupnik, Vijesh Krishna, Md. Nasir Uddin, Jeetendra Prakash Aryal, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Shalander Kumar, Muhammad Faisal Shahzad, Rajan Bhatt, Maaz Gardezi, Chandra Sekhar Bahinipati, Shahnaz Begum Nazu, Rajiv Ghimire, Asif Reza Anik, Tek B. Sapkota, Madhusudan Ghosh, Roshan Subedi, Asif Sardar, K. M. Zasim Uddin, Arun Khatri-Chhetri, Md. Shahinoor Rahman, Balwinder-Singh, Meha Jain","doi":"10.1038/s41558-023-01905-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-023-01905-z","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the promise of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) to improve food security in South Asia, most CSA practices and technologies have not been widely adopted. We identify the key barriers to CSA adoption in South Asia and suggest strategies to overcome them to increase CSA adoption at scale.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"14 2","pages":"111-113"},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139480736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01906-y
Matthew G. Burgess, Leaf Van Boven, Gernot Wagner, Gabrielle Wong-Parodi, Kyri Baker, Maxwell Boykoff, Benjamin A. Converse, Lisa Dilling, Jonathan M. Gilligan, Yoel Inbar, Ezra Markowitz, Jonathan D. Moyer, Peter Newton, Kaitlin T. Raimi, Trisha Shrum, Michael P. Vandenbergh
The United States recently passed major federal laws supporting the energy transition. Analyses suggest that their successful implementation could reduce US emissions more than 40% below 2005 levels by 2030. However, achieving maximal emissions reductions would require frictionless supply and demand responses to the laws’ incentives and implementation that avoids polarization and efforts to repeal or undercut them. In this Perspective, we discuss some of these supply, demand and polarization challenges. We highlight insights from social science research, and identify open questions needing answers, regarding how to address these challenges. The stakes are high. The success of these new laws could catalyse virtuous cycles in the energy transition; their failure could breed cynicism about major government spending on climate change. Recent US climate bills mark a major step in domestic climate actions, while their successful implementation relies on strong assumptions. This Perspective discusses potential challenges regarding supply, consumer demand and political polarization and how insights of social science could help to overcome these challenges.
{"title":"Supply, demand and polarization challenges facing US climate policies","authors":"Matthew G. Burgess, Leaf Van Boven, Gernot Wagner, Gabrielle Wong-Parodi, Kyri Baker, Maxwell Boykoff, Benjamin A. Converse, Lisa Dilling, Jonathan M. Gilligan, Yoel Inbar, Ezra Markowitz, Jonathan D. Moyer, Peter Newton, Kaitlin T. Raimi, Trisha Shrum, Michael P. Vandenbergh","doi":"10.1038/s41558-023-01906-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-023-01906-y","url":null,"abstract":"The United States recently passed major federal laws supporting the energy transition. Analyses suggest that their successful implementation could reduce US emissions more than 40% below 2005 levels by 2030. However, achieving maximal emissions reductions would require frictionless supply and demand responses to the laws’ incentives and implementation that avoids polarization and efforts to repeal or undercut them. In this Perspective, we discuss some of these supply, demand and polarization challenges. We highlight insights from social science research, and identify open questions needing answers, regarding how to address these challenges. The stakes are high. The success of these new laws could catalyse virtuous cycles in the energy transition; their failure could breed cynicism about major government spending on climate change. Recent US climate bills mark a major step in domestic climate actions, while their successful implementation relies on strong assumptions. This Perspective discusses potential challenges regarding supply, consumer demand and political polarization and how insights of social science could help to overcome these challenges.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"14 2","pages":"134-142"},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139474230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01908-w
Xinyue Li, Qiang Wang, Sergey Danilov, Nikolay Koldunov, Caili Liu, Vasco Müller, Dmitry Sidorenko, Thomas Jung
Ocean eddies play a critical role in climate and marine life. In the rapidly warming Arctic, little is known about how ocean eddy activity will change because existing climate models cannot resolve Arctic Ocean mesoscale eddies. Here, by employing a next-generation global sea ice–ocean model with kilometre-scale horizontal resolution in the Arctic, we find a surge of eddy kinetic energy in the upper Arctic Ocean, tripling on average in a four-degree-warmer world. The driving mechanism behind this surge is an increase in eddy generation due to enhanced baroclinic instability. Despite the decline of sea ice, eddy killing (a process in which eddies are dampened by sea ice and winds) will not weaken in its annual mean effect in the considered warming scenario. Our study suggests the importance of adequately representing Arctic eddy activity in climate models for understanding the impacts of its increase on climate and ecosystems. Ocean eddies impact circulation, heat and gas fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere. Modelling how warming will alter their occurrence in the Arctic shows that sea ice decline and increased baroclinic instability drive an increase in eddy kinetic energy.
{"title":"Eddy activity in the Arctic Ocean projected to surge in a warming world","authors":"Xinyue Li, Qiang Wang, Sergey Danilov, Nikolay Koldunov, Caili Liu, Vasco Müller, Dmitry Sidorenko, Thomas Jung","doi":"10.1038/s41558-023-01908-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-023-01908-w","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean eddies play a critical role in climate and marine life. In the rapidly warming Arctic, little is known about how ocean eddy activity will change because existing climate models cannot resolve Arctic Ocean mesoscale eddies. Here, by employing a next-generation global sea ice–ocean model with kilometre-scale horizontal resolution in the Arctic, we find a surge of eddy kinetic energy in the upper Arctic Ocean, tripling on average in a four-degree-warmer world. The driving mechanism behind this surge is an increase in eddy generation due to enhanced baroclinic instability. Despite the decline of sea ice, eddy killing (a process in which eddies are dampened by sea ice and winds) will not weaken in its annual mean effect in the considered warming scenario. Our study suggests the importance of adequately representing Arctic eddy activity in climate models for understanding the impacts of its increase on climate and ecosystems. Ocean eddies impact circulation, heat and gas fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere. Modelling how warming will alter their occurrence in the Arctic shows that sea ice decline and increased baroclinic instability drive an increase in eddy kinetic energy.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"14 2","pages":"156-162"},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01908-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139420048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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