Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00698-0
Rachel C. Kurchin
In an age of expensive experiments and hype around new data-driven methods, researchers understandably want to ensure they are gleaning as much insight from their data as possible. Rachel C. Kurchin argues that there is still plenty to be learned from older approaches without turning to black boxes.
在这个实验昂贵、新数据驱动方法大行其道的时代，研究人员希望从数据中获得尽可能多的洞察力，这是可以理解的。雷切尔-库尔钦（Rachel C. Kurchin）认为，在不使用黑盒的情况下，仍然可以从旧方法中学到很多东西。
{"title":"Using Bayesian parameter estimation to learn more from data without black boxes","authors":"Rachel C. Kurchin","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00698-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00698-0","url":null,"abstract":"In an age of expensive experiments and hype around new data-driven methods, researchers understandably want to ensure they are gleaning as much insight from their data as possible. Rachel C. Kurchin argues that there is still plenty to be learned from older approaches without turning to black boxes.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139903914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00688-2
William Gilpin
Modern generative machine learning models are able to create realistic outputs far beyond their training data, such as photorealistic artwork, accurate protein structures or conversational text. These successes suggest that generative models learn to effectively parametrize and sample arbitrarily complex distributions. Beginning half a century ago, foundational works in nonlinear dynamics used tools from information theory for a similar purpose, namely, to infer properties of chaotic attractors from real-world time series. This Perspective article aims to connect these classical works to emerging themes in large-scale generative statistical learning. It focuses specifically on two classical problems: reconstructing dynamical manifolds given partial measurements, which parallels modern latent variable methods, and inferring minimal dynamical motifs underlying complicated data sets, which mirrors interpretability probes for trained models. Generative machine learning models seek to approximate and then sample the probability distribution of the data sets on which they are trained. This Perspective article connects these methods to historical studies of information processing and attractor geometry in nonlinear systems.
{"title":"Generative learning for nonlinear dynamics","authors":"William Gilpin","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00688-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00688-2","url":null,"abstract":"Modern generative machine learning models are able to create realistic outputs far beyond their training data, such as photorealistic artwork, accurate protein structures or conversational text. These successes suggest that generative models learn to effectively parametrize and sample arbitrarily complex distributions. Beginning half a century ago, foundational works in nonlinear dynamics used tools from information theory for a similar purpose, namely, to infer properties of chaotic attractors from real-world time series. This Perspective article aims to connect these classical works to emerging themes in large-scale generative statistical learning. It focuses specifically on two classical problems: reconstructing dynamical manifolds given partial measurements, which parallels modern latent variable methods, and inferring minimal dynamical motifs underlying complicated data sets, which mirrors interpretability probes for trained models. Generative machine learning models seek to approximate and then sample the probability distribution of the data sets on which they are trained. This Perspective article connects these methods to historical studies of information processing and attractor geometry in nonlinear systems.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139756831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00696-2
For Nature Reviews journals, the simplistic notion of high–low impact measured by citation-based metrics is inadequate. Instead, we should understand who is using these journals, and how.
{"title":"The many facets of impact","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00696-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00696-2","url":null,"abstract":"For Nature Reviews journals, the simplistic notion of high–low impact measured by citation-based metrics is inadequate. Instead, we should understand who is using these journals, and how.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00696-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139710649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00692-6
Thomas A. Vilgis
The science of food is strongly connected to chemistry and sensory science, but chewing and swallowing is also governed by soft matter physics as it involves processing materials that are deformable, easily fractured or that melt at low temperatures. What can physics tell us about these processes, and what questions remain?
{"title":"Food oral processing as a multiscale soft matter physics problem","authors":"Thomas A. Vilgis","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00692-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00692-6","url":null,"abstract":"The science of food is strongly connected to chemistry and sensory science, but chewing and swallowing is also governed by soft matter physics as it involves processing materials that are deformable, easily fractured or that melt at low temperatures. What can physics tell us about these processes, and what questions remain?","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139688584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.1038/s42254-023-00682-0
Ashutosh V. Kotwal
As a mediator of the weak nuclear force, the W boson influences many properties of fundamental particles and their interactions. Understanding the W boson as accurately as possible, including knowing its mass, has been a priority in particle physics for decades. In the past few years, in a succession of increasing-precision measurements by multiple experiments, a significant tension between the measured and predicted mass has been documented by the CDF Collaboration. Furthermore, smaller differences between different measurements exist. Because the W boson mass provides a window on new physics, a comparison between different measurement techniques can inform the path to further investigations. This Perspective article overviews the role of the W boson mass in the Standard Model of Particle Physics and its extensions, compares and contrasts its measurement techniques and discusses prospects and future directions. Understanding the W boson as accurately as possible, including knowing its mass, has been a priority in particle physics for decades. This Perspective article gives an overview of the role of the W boson mass in the Standard Model and its extensions and compares techniques for measuring it.
作为弱核力的媒介，W 玻色子影响着基本粒子及其相互作用的许多特性。几十年来，尽可能精确地了解 W 玻色子，包括知道它的质量，一直是粒子物理学的当务之急。在过去的几年里，CDF 协作组织连续通过多个实验进行了精度越来越高的测量，并记录了测量质量与预测质量之间的显著矛盾。此外，不同测量结果之间还存在较小的差异。由于 W 玻色子的质量提供了一个了解新物理学的窗口，对不同测量技术进行比较可以为进一步研究提供信息。这篇 "视角 "文章概述了 W 玻色子质量在粒子物理标准模型及其扩展中的作用，对比了其测量技术，并讨论了前景和未来方向。
{"title":"The precision measurement of the W boson mass and its impact on physics","authors":"Ashutosh V. Kotwal","doi":"10.1038/s42254-023-00682-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-023-00682-0","url":null,"abstract":"As a mediator of the weak nuclear force, the W boson influences many properties of fundamental particles and their interactions. Understanding the W boson as accurately as possible, including knowing its mass, has been a priority in particle physics for decades. In the past few years, in a succession of increasing-precision measurements by multiple experiments, a significant tension between the measured and predicted mass has been documented by the CDF Collaboration. Furthermore, smaller differences between different measurements exist. Because the W boson mass provides a window on new physics, a comparison between different measurement techniques can inform the path to further investigations. This Perspective article overviews the role of the W boson mass in the Standard Model of Particle Physics and its extensions, compares and contrasts its measurement techniques and discusses prospects and future directions. Understanding the W boson as accurately as possible, including knowing its mass, has been a priority in particle physics for decades. This Perspective article gives an overview of the role of the W boson mass in the Standard Model and its extensions and compares techniques for measuring it.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139667477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00697-1
Iulia Georgescu, Una McCormack, Markus Nordberg
Una McCormack and Markus Nordberg, co-organizers of Science Fiction and the Future of Detection and Imaging, a series of workshops exploring the role of technology in future societies, share what they learned from these events. The organizers of Science Fiction and the Future of Detection and Imaging, a series of workshops exploring the role of technology in future societies, share what they learned from these events.
{"title":"How detection and imaging technologies could make us better humans","authors":"Iulia Georgescu, Una McCormack, Markus Nordberg","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00697-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00697-1","url":null,"abstract":"Una McCormack and Markus Nordberg, co-organizers of Science Fiction and the Future of Detection and Imaging, a series of workshops exploring the role of technology in future societies, share what they learned from these events. The organizers of Science Fiction and the Future of Detection and Imaging, a series of workshops exploring the role of technology in future societies, share what they learned from these events.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139587814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.1038/s42254-023-00681-1
Alejandro González-Tudela, Andreas Reiserer, Juan José García-Ripoll, Francisco J. García-Vidal
Nanophotonics offers opportunities for engineering and exploiting the quantum properties of light by integrating quantum emitters into nanostructures, and offering reliable paths to quantum technology applications such as sources of quantum light or new quantum simulators, among many others. In this Review, we discuss common nanophotonic platforms for studying light–matter interactions, explaining their strengths and experimental state-of-the-art. Each platform works at a different interaction regime: from standard cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) setups to unique quantum nanophotonic devices, such as chiral and non-chiral waveguide QED experiments. When several quantum emitters are integrated into nanophotonic systems, collective interactions emerge, enabling miniaturized, versatile and fast-operating quantum devices. We conclude with a perspective on the near-term opportunities offered by nanophotonics in the context of quantum technologies. Quantum nanophotonics examines the interaction between emitters and light confined at the nanoscale. This Review highlights the experimental progress in the field, explains new light–matter interaction regimes and emphasizes their potential applications in quantum technologies.
纳米光子学通过将量子发射器集成到纳米结构中，为工程设计和利用光的量子特性提供了机会，并为量子技术应用（如量子光源或新型量子模拟器等）提供了可靠的途径。在本综述中，我们将讨论研究光-物质相互作用的常见纳米光子平台，解释它们的优势和最新实验进展。每个平台在不同的相互作用机制下工作：从标准空腔量子电动力学（QED）装置到独特的量子纳米光子装置，如手性和非手性波导 QED 实验。当多个量子发射器集成到纳米光子系统中时，就会产生集体相互作用，从而实现量子器件的小型化、多功能化和快速运行。最后，我们展望了纳米光子学在量子技术方面提供的近期机遇。
{"title":"Light–matter interactions in quantum nanophotonic devices","authors":"Alejandro González-Tudela, Andreas Reiserer, Juan José García-Ripoll, Francisco J. García-Vidal","doi":"10.1038/s42254-023-00681-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-023-00681-1","url":null,"abstract":"Nanophotonics offers opportunities for engineering and exploiting the quantum properties of light by integrating quantum emitters into nanostructures, and offering reliable paths to quantum technology applications such as sources of quantum light or new quantum simulators, among many others. In this Review, we discuss common nanophotonic platforms for studying light–matter interactions, explaining their strengths and experimental state-of-the-art. Each platform works at a different interaction regime: from standard cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) setups to unique quantum nanophotonic devices, such as chiral and non-chiral waveguide QED experiments. When several quantum emitters are integrated into nanophotonic systems, collective interactions emerge, enabling miniaturized, versatile and fast-operating quantum devices. We conclude with a perspective on the near-term opportunities offered by nanophotonics in the context of quantum technologies. Quantum nanophotonics examines the interaction between emitters and light confined at the nanoscale. This Review highlights the experimental progress in the field, explains new light–matter interaction regimes and emphasizes their potential applications in quantum technologies.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139587947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00694-4
Iulia Georgescu
No sign of sterile neutrinos was found in the latest, and most extensive, analysis done on data taken by the STEREO experiment and yet, the case is not closed.
{"title":"No sign of sterile neutrinos but anomalies remain","authors":"Iulia Georgescu","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00694-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00694-4","url":null,"abstract":"No sign of sterile neutrinos was found in the latest, and most extensive, analysis done on data taken by the STEREO experiment and yet, the case is not closed.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139561773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00695-3
Iulia Georgescu
The ATLAS Collaboration at CERN used data from 13 TeV proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider to observe for the first time entanglement between a pair of top quarks.
欧洲核子研究中心的 ATLAS 协作小组利用大型强子对撞机的 13 TeV 质子-质子对撞数据，首次观测到一对顶夸克之间的纠缠。
{"title":"Entanglement between a pair of top quarks","authors":"Iulia Georgescu","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00695-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00695-3","url":null,"abstract":"The ATLAS Collaboration at CERN used data from 13 TeV proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider to observe for the first time entanglement between a pair of top quarks.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139561777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00693-5
Iulia Georgescu, Connie Potter, Rob Appleby
Connie Potter and Rob Appleby, editors of Collision: Stories from the Science of CERN — an anthology of short science fiction stories — share how they brought creative writers, scientists and engineers to work together on this book.
{"title":"Bringing together science and fiction","authors":"Iulia Georgescu, Connie Potter, Rob Appleby","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00693-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00693-5","url":null,"abstract":"Connie Potter and Rob Appleby, editors of Collision: Stories from the Science of CERN — an anthology of short science fiction stories — share how they brought creative writers, scientists and engineers to work together on this book.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139561857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：