Nature Reviews Physics最新文献

{"title":"How to beat the heat in cities through urban climate modelling","authors":"Jan Carmeliet, Dominique Derome","doi":"10.1038/s42254-023-00673-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-023-00673-1","url":null,"abstract":"More than half the world’s population lives in cities, which are hotter than rural areas. Jan Carmeliet and Dominique Derome explain what physics modelling can show about how cities get hot, and how to cool them.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic resonances in non-Hermitian open systems","authors":"Lujun Huang, Sibo Huang, Chen Shen, Simon Yves, Artem S. Pilipchuk, Xiang Ni, Seunghwi Kim, Yan Kei Chiang, David A. Powell, Jie Zhu, Ya Cheng, Yong Li, Almas F. Sadreev, Andrea Alù, Andrey E. Miroshnichenko","doi":"10.1038/s42254-023-00659-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-023-00659-z","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic resonances in open systems, which are usually associated with resonant modes characterized by complex eigenfrequencies, play a fundamental role in manipulating acoustic wave radiation and propagation. Notably, they are accompanied by considerable field enhancement, boosting interactions between waves and matter, and leading to various exciting applications. In the past two decades, acoustic metamaterials have enabled a high degree of control over tailoring acoustic resonances over a range of frequencies. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in the area of acoustic resonances in non-Hermitian open systems, including Helmholtz resonators, metamaterials and metasurfaces, and discuss their applications in various acoustic devices, including sound absorbers, acoustic sources, vortex beam generation and imaging. We also discuss bound states in the continuum and their applications in boosting acoustic wave–matter interactions, active phononics and non-Hermitian acoustic resonances, including phononic topological insulators and the acoustic skin effect. Non-Hermitian acoustic resonances in open systems provide a versatile platform to manipulate sound–matter interaction. This Review article surveys the fundamental physics of various acoustic resonances and their uses in realizing different acoustic wave-based applications.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty-five years of analogue quantum simulation","authors":"Andrew J. Daley","doi":"10.1038/s42254-023-00666-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-023-00666-0","url":null,"abstract":"A theoretical proposal published in 1998 spurred research into analogue quantum simulation, a field that has brought different physics subdisciplines, theorists and experimentalists together, creating a new community. Andrew Daley discusses how analogue quantum simulation brought different physics subdisciplines, theorists and experimentalists together.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to verify the precision of density-functional-theory implementations via reproducible and universal workflows","authors":"Emanuele Bosoni, Louis Beal, Marnik Bercx, Peter Blaha, Stefan Blügel, Jens Bröder, Martin Callsen, Stefaan Cottenier, Augustin Degomme, Vladimir Dikan, Kristjan Eimre, Espen Flage-Larsen, Marco Fornari, Alberto Garcia, Luigi Genovese, Matteo Giantomassi, Sebastiaan P. Huber, Henning Janssen, Georg Kastlunger, Matthias Krack, Georg Kresse, Thomas D. Kühne, Kurt Lejaeghere, Georg K. H. Madsen, Martijn Marsman, Nicola Marzari, Gregor Michalicek, Hossein Mirhosseini, Tiziano M. A. Müller, Guido Petretto, Chris J. Pickard, Samuel Poncé, Gian-Marco Rignanese, Oleg Rubel, Thomas Ruh, Michael Sluydts, Danny E. P. Vanpoucke, Sudarshan Vijay, Michael Wolloch, Daniel Wortmann, Aliaksandr V. Yakutovich, Jusong Yu, Austin Zadoks, Bonan Zhu, Giovanni Pizzi","doi":"10.1038/s42254-023-00655-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-023-00655-3","url":null,"abstract":"Density-functional theory methods and codes adopting periodic boundary conditions are extensively used in condensed matter physics and materials science research. In 2016, their precision (how well properties computed with different codes agree among each other) was systematically assessed on elemental crystals: a first crucial step to evaluate the reliability of such computations. In this Expert Recommendation, we discuss recommendations for verification studies aiming at further testing precision and transferability of density-functional-theory computational approaches and codes. We illustrate such recommendations using a greatly expanded protocol covering the whole periodic table from Z = 1 to 96 and characterizing 10 prototypical cubic compounds for each element: four unaries and six oxides, spanning a wide range of coordination numbers and oxidation states. The primary outcome is a reference dataset of 960 equations of state cross-checked between two all-electron codes, then used to verify and improve nine pseudopotential-based approaches. Finally, we discuss the extent to which the current results for total energies can be reused for different goals. Verification efforts of density-functional theory (DFT) calculations are of crucial importance to evaluate the reliability of simulation results. In this Expert Recommendation, we suggest metrics for DFT verification, illustrating them with an all-electron reference dataset of 960 equations of state covering the whole periodic table (hydrogen to curium) and discuss the importance of improving pseudopotential codes.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-023-00655-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multigenerational visions and challenges for the future of particle physics","authors":"Sarah Williams","doi":"10.1038/s42254-023-00667-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-023-00667-z","url":null,"abstract":"Whatever big particle collider comes next, it will require decades of planning and construction. Sarah Williams discusses the pressing need to involve the younger generations in the current discussions and decisions. Sarah Williams discusses the pressing need to involve the younger generations in the current discussions and decisions about future big projects in particle physics.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135136188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seventy-five years of quantum electrodynamics","authors":"Chad Orzel","doi":"10.1038/s42254-023-00664-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-023-00664-2","url":null,"abstract":"On the 75th anniversary of quantum electrodynamics, Chad Orzel reflects on the parallel work that led to the synthesis of the theory.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135091906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical tools for understanding the climate crisis from Hasselmann’s programme and beyond","authors":"Valerio Lucarini, Mickaël D. Chekroun","doi":"10.1038/s42254-023-00650-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-023-00650-8","url":null,"abstract":"Klaus Hasselmann’s revolutionary intuition in climate science was to use the stochasticity associated with fast weather processes to probe the slow dynamics of the climate system. Doing so led to fundamentally new ways to study the response of climate models to perturbations, and to perform detection and attribution for climate change signals. Hasselmann’s programme has been extremely influential in climate science and beyond. In this Perspective, we first summarize the main aspects of such a programme using modern concepts and tools of statistical physics and applied mathematics. We then provide an overview of some promising scientific perspectives that might clarify the science behind the climate crisis and that stem from Hasselmann’s ideas. We show how to perform rigorous and data-driven model reduction by constructing parameterizations in systems that do not necessarily feature a timescale separation between unresolved and resolved processes. We outline a general theoretical framework for explaining the relationship between climate variability and climate change, and for performing climate change projections. This framework enables us seamlessly to explain some key general aspects of climatic tipping points. Finally, we show that response theory provides a solid framework supporting optimal fingerprinting methods for detection and attribution. Klaus Hasselmann’s viewpoint has had enormous influence in climate science, both in its theoretical and practical aspects. This Perspective provides a review of Hasselmann’s scientific programme and proposes ways forward for advancing our knowledge on the multiscale behaviour of the climate system, and on the relationship between its forced and free variability.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics or Doctor Who?","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s42254-023-00665-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-023-00665-1","url":null,"abstract":"In November, we celebrate the 60th anniversary of Doctor Who and challenge our readers with a quiz to spot the real physics terms amid the science fiction.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-023-00665-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can a dual mandate be a model for the global governance of AI?","authors":"Harry Law, Lewis Ho","doi":"10.1038/s42254-023-00670-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-023-00670-4","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s hopes and fears related to the use of AI systems echo familiar concerns about nuclear technology. Harry Law and Lewis Ho discuss what can be learned from the dual mission of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to promote and control nuclear technologies. Today’s hopes and fears related to the use of AI systems echo familiar concerns about nuclear technology. What can be learned from the dual mission of the International Atomic Energy Agency to promote and control nuclear technologies?","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty-five years of the jamming phase diagram","authors":"Andrea J. Liu, Sidney R. Nagel","doi":"10.1038/s42254-023-00661-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-023-00661-5","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-five years after the proposal of a jamming phase diagram, Andrea Liu and Sidney Nagel discuss how linking jammed granular materials with glasses helps us understand the physics of many systems.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}