Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00705-4
Kimberli Bell, Taylor M. Cannon, Amira M. Eltony, Chhavi Goenka, Abigail L. Gregg, Nathaniel Hai, Danielle J. Harper, Helen Keshishian, Nichaluk Leartprapun, Haley L. Marks, David O. Otuya, Linhui Yu
Science and society are inextricably entangled, but the discussion of social issues in optics and photonics is, at best, treated as peripheral to the field. A group of researchers, technicians, administrative staff, and clinical liaisons share how they came together to start a conversation recognizing these oft-disregarded issues.
{"title":"Starting a conversation about social issues in optics and photonics","authors":"Kimberli Bell, Taylor M. Cannon, Amira M. Eltony, Chhavi Goenka, Abigail L. Gregg, Nathaniel Hai, Danielle J. Harper, Helen Keshishian, Nichaluk Leartprapun, Haley L. Marks, David O. Otuya, Linhui Yu","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00705-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00705-4","url":null,"abstract":"Science and society are inextricably entangled, but the discussion of social issues in optics and photonics is, at best, treated as peripheral to the field. A group of researchers, technicians, administrative staff, and clinical liaisons share how they came together to start a conversation recognizing these oft-disregarded issues.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140155520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00711-6
Chiara Caprini
In 2023, pulsar timing arrays announced what could become the first ever discovery of a stochastic gravitational wave background: the random superposition of gravitational waves permeating the cosmos — a vestige of cosmic processes in the Universe. Upcoming datasets are expected to confirm the discovery and provide insight into the origin of this signal. In 2023, pulsar timing arrays announced what could become the first ever discovery of a stochastic gravitational wave background: the random superposition of gravitational waves permeating the cosmos — a vestige of cosmic processes in the Universe.
{"title":"Strong evidence for the discovery of a gravitational wave background","authors":"Chiara Caprini","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00711-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00711-6","url":null,"abstract":"In 2023, pulsar timing arrays announced what could become the first ever discovery of a stochastic gravitational wave background: the random superposition of gravitational waves permeating the cosmos — a vestige of cosmic processes in the Universe. Upcoming datasets are expected to confirm the discovery and provide insight into the origin of this signal. In 2023, pulsar timing arrays announced what could become the first ever discovery of a stochastic gravitational wave background: the random superposition of gravitational waves permeating the cosmos — a vestige of cosmic processes in the Universe.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140099499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Olfactory cues and memories in animal navigation","authors":"Thierry Emonet, Massimo Vergassola","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00710-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00710-7","url":null,"abstract":"Thierry Emonet and Massimo Vergassola discuss what research shows about how animals perform the feat of navigating by smell.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140099497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among the physicochemical cues in the cellular microenvironment that orchestrate cell processes, the different levels of curvature in the extracellular matrix and intrinsic to the tissues play a pivotal role in the spatiotemporal control of key cellular functions. Curvature influences multicellular organization and contributes to the onset of specific human diseases. This Review outlines how physical parameters used to describe the balance of forces in cells and tissues shed light on the mechanism of curvature sensing of cells across different length scales. We provide a summary of progress in delineating the fundamental mechanobiological characteristics of curvature sensing across various scales, emphasizing key challenges in the field. Additionally, we explore the potential of vertex model approaches to uncover critical physical elements involved in the mechanical regulation of curved tissues and the construction of functional architectures at the collective level. Finally, we examine how changes in curvature can influence transcriptional regulation through a reorganization of cytoskeletal forces acting on the nucleus, thereby facilitating the development of specific human diseases. Structure and function of biological tissues are closely intertwined. This Review surveys the challenges in uncovering critical physical elements involved in the mechanical regulation of curved tissues across different length scales and examines how changes in curvature influence cell functions.
{"title":"How multiscale curvature couples forces to cellular functions","authors":"Marine Luciano, Caterina Tomba, Aurélien Roux, Sylvain Gabriele","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00700-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00700-9","url":null,"abstract":"Among the physicochemical cues in the cellular microenvironment that orchestrate cell processes, the different levels of curvature in the extracellular matrix and intrinsic to the tissues play a pivotal role in the spatiotemporal control of key cellular functions. Curvature influences multicellular organization and contributes to the onset of specific human diseases. This Review outlines how physical parameters used to describe the balance of forces in cells and tissues shed light on the mechanism of curvature sensing of cells across different length scales. We provide a summary of progress in delineating the fundamental mechanobiological characteristics of curvature sensing across various scales, emphasizing key challenges in the field. Additionally, we explore the potential of vertex model approaches to uncover critical physical elements involved in the mechanical regulation of curved tissues and the construction of functional architectures at the collective level. Finally, we examine how changes in curvature can influence transcriptional regulation through a reorganization of cytoskeletal forces acting on the nucleus, thereby facilitating the development of specific human diseases. Structure and function of biological tissues are closely intertwined. This Review surveys the challenges in uncovering critical physical elements involved in the mechanical regulation of curved tissues across different length scales and examines how changes in curvature influence cell functions.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00713-4
Good writing is about having something interesting and original to say. Generative AI tools might provide technical help, but they are no substitute for your unique perspective.
好的写作就是要有有趣的原创内容。生成式人工智能工具可能会提供技术帮助，但它们无法取代你的独特视角。
{"title":"AI is no substitute for having something to say","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00713-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00713-4","url":null,"abstract":"Good writing is about having something interesting and original to say. Generative AI tools might provide technical help, but they are no substitute for your unique perspective.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00713-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140063866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00691-7
Sibusiso Biyela, Kanta Dihal, Katy Ilonka Gero, Daphne Ippolito, Filippo Menczer, Mike S. Schäfer, Hiromi M. Yokoyama
Advances in generative AI could democratize science communication, by providing scientists with easy-to-use tools to help them communicate their work to different audiences. However, these tools are imperfect, and their output must be checked by experts. They can also be used maliciously to produce misinformation and disinformation. Seven researchers and science communicators weigh up the potential benefits of generative AI for science communication against its risks. Seven researchers and science communicators weigh up the potential benefits of generative AI for science communication against its risks.
{"title":"Generative AI and science communication in the physical sciences","authors":"Sibusiso Biyela, Kanta Dihal, Katy Ilonka Gero, Daphne Ippolito, Filippo Menczer, Mike S. Schäfer, Hiromi M. Yokoyama","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00691-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00691-7","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in generative AI could democratize science communication, by providing scientists with easy-to-use tools to help them communicate their work to different audiences. However, these tools are imperfect, and their output must be checked by experts. They can also be used maliciously to produce misinformation and disinformation. Seven researchers and science communicators weigh up the potential benefits of generative AI for science communication against its risks. Seven researchers and science communicators weigh up the potential benefits of generative AI for science communication against its risks.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-024-00691-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00702-7
Pietro Barabaschi
Pietro Barabaschi, Director General of ITER, calls for measures and incentives to carefully document the entire research process, including dead ends and failures, instead of reporting just the successful final results.
国际热核实验堆总干事 Pietro Barabaschi 呼吁采取措施和激励措施，认真记录整个研究过程，包括死胡同和失败，而不是只报告成功的最终结果。
{"title":"The importance of documenting failure","authors":"Pietro Barabaschi","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00702-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00702-7","url":null,"abstract":"Pietro Barabaschi, Director General of ITER, calls for measures and incentives to carefully document the entire research process, including dead ends and failures, instead of reporting just the successful final results.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140003721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00708-1
Iulia Georgescu, Mónica Bello
Mónica Bello, Curator and Head of Arts at CERN talks about the programmes that have been fostering the dialogue between artists and physicists for over a decade with the aim of exploring the cultural significance of fundamental research.
{"title":"A meeting point for art and science","authors":"Iulia Georgescu, Mónica Bello","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00708-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00708-1","url":null,"abstract":"Mónica Bello, Curator and Head of Arts at CERN talks about the programmes that have been fostering the dialogue between artists and physicists for over a decade with the aim of exploring the cultural significance of fundamental research.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00704-5
Luojun Du
Excitonic effects dominate the optical properties of 2D materials, and excitons have been observed both within a single layer, and between two layers of 2D materials. In 2023, a number of experiments on trilayer 2D structures uncovered new exciton states — quadrupolar and every-other-layer excitons — that have an electrically-tunable dipole moment and show a quantum many-body phase diagram. In 2023, a number of experiments on trilayer 2D structures uncovered new exciton states that have an electrically-tunable dipole moment and show a quantum many-body phase diagram.
{"title":"New excitons in multilayer 2D materials","authors":"Luojun Du","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00704-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00704-5","url":null,"abstract":"Excitonic effects dominate the optical properties of 2D materials, and excitons have been observed both within a single layer, and between two layers of 2D materials. In 2023, a number of experiments on trilayer 2D structures uncovered new exciton states — quadrupolar and every-other-layer excitons — that have an electrically-tunable dipole moment and show a quantum many-body phase diagram. In 2023, a number of experiments on trilayer 2D structures uncovered new exciton states that have an electrically-tunable dipole moment and show a quantum many-body phase diagram.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139903802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-16DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00706-3
Earl Campbell
Over the past few years, and most notably in 2023, quantum error correction has made big strides, shifting the community focus from noisy applications to what can be achieved with early error-corrected quantum computers. But despite the breakthroughs in experiments with trapped ions, superconducting circuits and reconfigurable atom arrays there are still several technological challenges — unique to each platform — to overcome. Despite recent breakthroughs in quantum error correction experiments with trapped ions, superconducting circuits and reconfigurable atom arrays, there are still several technological challenges to overcome.
{"title":"A series of fast-paced advances in Quantum Error Correction","authors":"Earl Campbell","doi":"10.1038/s42254-024-00706-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-024-00706-3","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, and most notably in 2023, quantum error correction has made big strides, shifting the community focus from noisy applications to what can be achieved with early error-corrected quantum computers. But despite the breakthroughs in experiments with trapped ions, superconducting circuits and reconfigurable atom arrays there are still several technological challenges — unique to each platform — to overcome. Despite recent breakthroughs in quantum error correction experiments with trapped ions, superconducting circuits and reconfigurable atom arrays, there are still several technological challenges to overcome.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139903912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：