Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0263
Valerie Yoshioka, Jicheng Jin, Haiqi Zhou, Zichen Tang, Roy H. Olsson III, Bo Zhen
Commercial production of integrated photonic devices is limited by scalability of desirable material platforms. We explore a relatively new photonic material, AlScN, for its use in electro-optic phase shifting and modulation. Its CMOS-compatibility could facilitate large-scale production of integrated photonic modulators, and it exhibits an enhanced second-order optical nonlinearity compared to intrinsic AlN, indicating the possibility for efficient modulation. Here, we measure the electro-optic effect in Al0.80Sc0.20N-based phase shifters. We utilized the TM0 mode, allowing use of the r33 electro-optic coefficient, and demonstrated VπL around 750 V cm. Since the electro-optic response is smaller than expected, we discuss potential causes for the reduced response and future outlook for AlScN-based photonics.
集成光子设备的商业化生产受到理想材料平台可扩展性的限制。我们探索了一种相对较新的光子材料 AlScN，以将其用于电光移相和调制。它与 CMOS 兼容，可促进集成光子调制器的大规模生产，而且与本征 AlN 相比，它表现出更强的二阶光学非线性，这表明它有可能实现高效调制。在这里，我们测量了基于 Al0.80Sc0.20N 的移相器中的电光效应。我们利用 TM0 模式，允许使用 r 33 电光系数，并证明 V π L 约为 750 V cm。由于电光响应小于预期，我们讨论了响应降低的潜在原因以及基于 AlScN 的光子学的未来展望。
{"title":"CMOS-compatible, AlScN-based integrated electro-optic phase shifter","authors":"Valerie Yoshioka, Jicheng Jin, Haiqi Zhou, Zichen Tang, Roy H. Olsson III, Bo Zhen","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0263","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial production of integrated photonic devices is limited by scalability of desirable material platforms. We explore a relatively new photonic material, AlScN, for its use in electro-optic phase shifting and modulation. Its CMOS-compatibility could facilitate large-scale production of integrated photonic modulators, and it exhibits an enhanced second-order optical nonlinearity compared to intrinsic AlN, indicating the possibility for efficient modulation. Here, we measure the electro-optic effect in Al<jats:sub>0.80</jats:sub>Sc<jats:sub>0.20</jats:sub>N-based phase shifters. We utilized the TM0 mode, allowing use of the <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> <jats:sub>33</jats:sub> electro-optic coefficient, and demonstrated <jats:italic>V</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>π</jats:italic> </jats:sub> <jats:italic>L</jats:italic> around 750 V cm. Since the electro-optic response is smaller than expected, we discuss potential causes for the reduced response and future outlook for AlScN-based photonics.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141755072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0152
Le-Mei Wang, Jiah Kim, Kyu Young Han
Volumetric subcellular imaging has long been essential for studying structures and dynamics in cells and tissues. However, due to limited imaging speed and depth of field, it has been challenging to perform live-cell imaging and single-particle tracking. Here we report a 2.5D fluorescence microscopy combined with highly inclined illumination beams, which significantly reduce not only the image acquisition time but also the out-of-focus background by ∼2-fold compared to epi-illumination. Instead of sequential z-scanning, our method projects a certain depth of volumetric information onto a 2D plane in a single shot using multi-layered glass for incoherent wavefront splitting, enabling high photon detection efficiency. We apply our method to multi-color immunofluorescence imaging and volumetric super-resolution imaging, covering ∼3–4 µm thickness of samples without z-scanning. Additionally, we demonstrate that our approach can substantially extend the observation time of single-particle tracking in living cells.
长期以来，亚细胞容积成像对于研究细胞和组织的结构与动态至关重要。然而，由于成像速度和景深有限，进行活细胞成像和单粒子跟踪一直是一项挑战。在这里，我们报告了一种结合高倾斜照明光束的 2.5D 荧光显微镜，与外延照明相比，它不仅大大缩短了图像采集时间，还将焦外背景降低了 2 倍。我们的方法采用多层玻璃进行非相干波前分割，而不是连续的 Z 扫描，一次就能将一定深度的体积信息投射到二维平面上，从而实现了高光子检测效率。我们将这一方法应用于多色免疫荧光成像和体积超分辨率成像，可覆盖厚度为 3-4 µm 的样品，且无需进行 Z 扫描。此外，我们还证明了我们的方法可以大大延长活细胞单粒子跟踪的观察时间。
{"title":"Highly sensitive volumetric single-molecule imaging","authors":"Le-Mei Wang, Jiah Kim, Kyu Young Han","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0152","url":null,"abstract":"Volumetric subcellular imaging has long been essential for studying structures and dynamics in cells and tissues. However, due to limited imaging speed and depth of field, it has been challenging to perform live-cell imaging and single-particle tracking. Here we report a 2.5D fluorescence microscopy combined with highly inclined illumination beams, which significantly reduce not only the image acquisition time but also the out-of-focus background by ∼2-fold compared to epi-illumination. Instead of sequential <jats:italic>z</jats:italic>-scanning, our method projects a certain depth of volumetric information onto a 2D plane in a single shot using multi-layered glass for incoherent wavefront splitting, enabling high photon detection efficiency. We apply our method to multi-color immunofluorescence imaging and volumetric super-resolution imaging, covering ∼3–4 µm thickness of samples without <jats:italic>z</jats:italic>-scanning. Additionally, we demonstrate that our approach can substantially extend the observation time of single-particle tracking in living cells.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0172
Yifan Wang, Ziyu Pan, Yongxian Yan, Yatao Yang, Wenhua Zhao, Ning Ding, Xingyu Tang, Pengzhuo Wu, Qiancheng Zhao, Yi Li
Gallium phosphide (GaP) has been increasingly prioritized, fueled by the enormous demands in visible light applications such as biomedical and quantum technologies. GaP has garnered tremendous attention in nanophotonics thanks to its high refractive index, indirect bandgap width of 2.26 eV, lattice perfectly matched with silicon, and omnipotent and competitive nonlinear optical properties. Herein, we review the progress and application of GaP in nanoscale devices over the past two decades. The material properties of bulk GaP are first listed, followed by a summary of the methodologies for fabricating nanoscale devices and related integration techniques. Then, we digest the operational mechanisms across different GaP-based devices on their optical linear responses. Following this, we categorize the GaP nonlinear optical effects into multiple aspects including second-harmonic generation, four-wave mixing, Kerr optical frequency combs, etc. Ultimately, we present a perspective on GaP nanophotonics in the context of coexisting and competing modes of various nonlinear effects. We believe that a comprehensive overview of unique GaP will propel these nanophotonic devices toward a mature state, underpinning foundational understanding and leveraging practical innovations.
由于生物医学和量子技术等可见光应用领域的巨大需求，磷化镓（GaP）日益受到重视。GaP 具有高折射率、2.26 eV 的间接带隙宽度、与硅完美匹配的晶格以及无所不能且具有竞争力的非线性光学特性，因此在纳米光子学领域备受关注。在此，我们回顾了过去二十年来 GaP 在纳米级器件中的进展和应用。首先列出了块状 GaP 的材料特性，然后总结了制造纳米级器件的方法和相关的集成技术。然后，我们总结了基于 GaP 的不同器件在光学线性响应方面的运行机制。随后，我们将 GaP 非线性光学效应分为多个方面，包括二次谐波产生、四波混合、克尔光学频梳等。最后，我们从各种非线性效应共存和竞争模式的角度介绍了 GaP 纳米光子学。我们相信，对独特的氮化镓的全面概述将推动这些纳米光子器件走向成熟，巩固基础性理解并利用实际创新。
{"title":"A review of gallium phosphide nanophotonics towards omnipotent nonlinear devices","authors":"Yifan Wang, Ziyu Pan, Yongxian Yan, Yatao Yang, Wenhua Zhao, Ning Ding, Xingyu Tang, Pengzhuo Wu, Qiancheng Zhao, Yi Li","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0172","url":null,"abstract":"Gallium phosphide (GaP) has been increasingly prioritized, fueled by the enormous demands in visible light applications such as biomedical and quantum technologies. GaP has garnered tremendous attention in nanophotonics thanks to its high refractive index, indirect bandgap width of 2.26 eV, lattice perfectly matched with silicon, and omnipotent and competitive nonlinear optical properties. Herein, we review the progress and application of GaP in nanoscale devices over the past two decades. The material properties of bulk GaP are first listed, followed by a summary of the methodologies for fabricating nanoscale devices and related integration techniques. Then, we digest the operational mechanisms across different GaP-based devices on their optical linear responses. Following this, we categorize the GaP nonlinear optical effects into multiple aspects including second-harmonic generation, four-wave mixing, Kerr optical frequency combs, etc. Ultimately, we present a perspective on GaP nanophotonics in the context of coexisting and competing modes of various nonlinear effects. We believe that a comprehensive overview of unique GaP will propel these nanophotonic devices toward a mature state, underpinning foundational understanding and leveraging practical innovations.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0177
Muyi Yang, Maximilian A. Weissflog, Zlata Fedorova, Angela I. Barreda, Stefan Börner, Falk Eilenberger, Thomas Pertsch, Isabelle Staude
Gallium phosphide (GaP) offers unique opportunities for nonlinear and quantum nanophotonics due to its wide optical transparency range, high second-order nonlinear susceptibility, and the possibility to tailor the nonlinear response by a suitable choice of crystal orientation. However, the availability of single crystalline thin films of GaP on low index substrates, as typically required for nonlinear dielectric metasurfaces, is limited. Here we designed and experimentally realized monolithic GaP metasurfaces for enhanced and tailored second harmonic generation (SHG). We fabricated the metasurfaces from bulk (110) GaP wafers using electron-beam lithography and an optimized inductively coupled plasma etching process without a hard mask. SHG measurements showed a high NIR-to-visible conversion efficiency reaching up to 10−5, at the same level as typical values for thin-film-based metasurface designs based on III–V semiconductors. Furthermore, using nonlinear back-focal plane imaging, we showed that a significant fraction of the second harmonic was emitted into the zeroth diffraction order along the optical axis. Our results demonstrate that monolithic GaP metasurfaces are a simple and broadly accessible alternative to corresponding thin film designs for many applications in nonlinear nanophotonics.
磷化镓（GaP）具有宽广的光学透明度范围、高二阶非线性电感以及通过适当选择晶体取向来定制非线性响应的可能性，因此为非线性和量子纳米光子学提供了独特的机遇。然而，非线性介电元表面通常需要的低折射率基底上的 GaP 单晶薄膜的可用性却很有限。在此，我们设计并通过实验实现了用于增强和定制二次谐波发生（SHG）的单片 GaP 元表面。我们利用电子束光刻技术和优化的电感耦合等离子体蚀刻工艺，在没有硬掩膜的情况下，从块状 (110) GaP 硅片上制作了元表面。SHG测量结果表明，近红外到可见光的转换效率高达10-5，与基于III-V族半导体的薄膜基元表面设计的典型值处于同一水平。此外，利用非线性背焦面成像技术，我们发现有相当一部分二次谐波沿光轴向第零衍射阶发射。我们的研究结果表明，在非线性纳米光子学的许多应用中，单片 GaP 元表面是相应薄膜设计的一种简单而广泛的替代方案。
{"title":"Second harmonic generation in monolithic gallium phosphide metasurfaces","authors":"Muyi Yang, Maximilian A. Weissflog, Zlata Fedorova, Angela I. Barreda, Stefan Börner, Falk Eilenberger, Thomas Pertsch, Isabelle Staude","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0177","url":null,"abstract":"Gallium phosphide (GaP) offers unique opportunities for nonlinear and quantum nanophotonics due to its wide optical transparency range, high second-order nonlinear susceptibility, and the possibility to tailor the nonlinear response by a suitable choice of crystal orientation. However, the availability of single crystalline thin films of GaP on low index substrates, as typically required for nonlinear dielectric metasurfaces, is limited. Here we designed and experimentally realized monolithic GaP metasurfaces for enhanced and tailored second harmonic generation (SHG). We fabricated the metasurfaces from bulk (110) GaP wafers using electron-beam lithography and an optimized inductively coupled plasma etching process without a hard mask. SHG measurements showed a high NIR-to-visible conversion efficiency reaching up to 10<jats:sup>−5</jats:sup>, at the same level as typical values for thin-film-based metasurface designs based on III–V semiconductors. Furthermore, using nonlinear back-focal plane imaging, we showed that a significant fraction of the second harmonic was emitted into the zeroth diffraction order along the optical axis. Our results demonstrate that monolithic GaP metasurfaces are a simple and broadly accessible alternative to corresponding thin film designs for many applications in nonlinear nanophotonics.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0273
Ji Tong Wang, Jian Wei You, Nicolae C. Panoiu
Dielectric metasurfaces open new avenues in nonlinear optics through their remarkable capability of boosting frequency conversion efficiency of nonlinear optical interactions. Here, a metasurface consisting of a square array of cruciform-shaped silicon building blocks covered by a monolayer MoS2 is proposed. By designing the metasurface so that it supports optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) at the fundamental frequency and second harmonic, nearly 600× enhancement of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the MoS2 monolayer as compared to that of the same MoS2 monolayer suspended in air is achieved. To gain deeper insights into the physics of the metasurface-induced enhancement of nonlinear optical interactions, an eigenmode expansion method is employed to analytically investigate the main characteristics of SHG and the results show a good agreement with the results obtained via full-wave numerical simulations. In addition, a versatile nonlinear homogenization approach is used to highlight and understand the interplay between the BICs of the metasurface and the efficiency of the SHG process. This work suggests a promising method to enhance the nonlinear optical processes in two-dimensional materials, enabling the development of advanced photonic nanodevices.
{"title":"Giant second-harmonic generation in monolayer MoS2 boosted by dual bound states in the continuum","authors":"Ji Tong Wang, Jian Wei You, Nicolae C. Panoiu","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0273","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric metasurfaces open new avenues in nonlinear optics through their remarkable capability of boosting frequency conversion efficiency of nonlinear optical interactions. Here, a metasurface consisting of a square array of cruciform-shaped silicon building blocks covered by a monolayer MoS<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> is proposed. By designing the metasurface so that it supports optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) at the fundamental frequency and second harmonic, nearly 600× enhancement of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the MoS<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> monolayer as compared to that of the same MoS<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> monolayer suspended in air is achieved. To gain deeper insights into the physics of the metasurface-induced enhancement of nonlinear optical interactions, an eigenmode expansion method is employed to analytically investigate the main characteristics of SHG and the results show a good agreement with the results obtained <jats:italic>via</jats:italic> full-wave numerical simulations. In addition, a versatile nonlinear homogenization approach is used to highlight and understand the interplay between the BICs of the metasurface and the efficiency of the SHG process. This work suggests a promising method to enhance the nonlinear optical processes in two-dimensional materials, enabling the development of advanced photonic nanodevices.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"2010 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The free electron spin dynamics in Kapitza–Dirac (KD) effect had been studied theoretically in one-dimensional standing wave of EUV to X-ray laser with extremely high intensity, which is far beyond experimental realization. Here, we propose to achieve the free electron spin-dependent KD effect in two-dimensional triangular optical lattice with spatial inversion symmetry breaking, and the theoretical results reveal that laser with wavelength in visible or near-IR and five orders of magnitude decreased intensity could lead to obvious spin-dependent KD effect. This work provides the way to realize the free electron spin-dependent KD effect experimentally.
{"title":"Free electrons spin-dependent Kapitza–Dirac effect in two-dimensional triangular optical lattice","authors":"Jiahao Tian, Fang Liu, Xiaotong Xiong, Yidong Huang","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0191","url":null,"abstract":"The free electron spin dynamics in Kapitza–Dirac (KD) effect had been studied theoretically in one-dimensional standing wave of EUV to X-ray laser with extremely high intensity, which is far beyond experimental realization. Here, we propose to achieve the free electron spin-dependent KD effect in two-dimensional triangular optical lattice with spatial inversion symmetry breaking, and the theoretical results reveal that laser with wavelength in visible or near-IR and five orders of magnitude decreased intensity could lead to obvious spin-dependent KD effect. This work provides the way to realize the free electron spin-dependent KD effect experimentally.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141597596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0077
Álvaro Buendía, José A. Sánchez-Gil, Vincenzo Giannini, William L. Barnes, Marie S. Rider
Strong coupling between light and molecular matter is currently attracting interest both in chemistry and physics, in the fast-growing field of molecular polaritonics. The large near-field enhancement of the electric field of plasmonic surfaces and their high tunability make arrays of metallic nanoparticles an interesting platform to achieve and control strong coupling. Two dimensional plasmonic arrays with several nanoparticles per unit cell and crystalline symmetries can host topological edge and corner states. Here we explore the coupling of molecular materials to these edge states using a coupled-dipole framework including long-range interactions. We study both the weak and strong coupling regimes and demonstrate that coupling to topological edge states can be employed to enhance highly-directional long-range energy transfer between molecules.
{"title":"Long-range molecular energy transfer mediated by strong coupling to plasmonic topological edge states","authors":"Álvaro Buendía, José A. Sánchez-Gil, Vincenzo Giannini, William L. Barnes, Marie S. Rider","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0077","url":null,"abstract":"Strong coupling between light and molecular matter is currently attracting interest both in chemistry and physics, in the fast-growing field of molecular polaritonics. The large near-field enhancement of the electric field of plasmonic surfaces and their high tunability make arrays of metallic nanoparticles an interesting platform to achieve and control strong coupling. Two dimensional plasmonic arrays with several nanoparticles per unit cell and crystalline symmetries can host topological edge and corner states. Here we explore the coupling of molecular materials to these edge states using a coupled-dipole framework including long-range interactions. We study both the weak and strong coupling regimes and demonstrate that coupling to topological edge states can be employed to enhance highly-directional long-range energy transfer between molecules.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0217
Jeonghoon Choi, Sangmin Shim, Yeseul Kim, Peng Tang, Guoqiang Li, Junsuk Rho, Dasol Lee, Minkyung Kim
The spin Hall effect of light, a phenomenon characterized by the transverse and spin dependent splitting of light at an optical interface, is highly promising for collecting precise quantitative data from interfaces and stands as an appealing option for improving precision metrology. This high level of precision is attributed to the principles of weak measurement. Since its conceptual introduction, the spin Hall effect of light has been empirically observed through weak measurement techniques, adhering closely to the initially proposed experimental configuration. Recently, it has been suggested that the setup can be downsized without compromising precision. Here, the first experimental demonstration of “compact weak measurement” is achieved by observing the spin Hall effect of both reflected and refracted light. Compared to the conventional weak measurement, this compact setup performs the same measurements but requires less free space by replacing the two convex lenses with a set of concave and convex lenses. The compact weak measurement demonstrates excellent agreement with theoretical predictions and experimental findings from traditional setups across both isotropic–isotropic and isotropic–anisotropic interfaces. The experimental validation of the compact configuration paves the way for the practical application of the spin Hall effect of light in devices with a smaller form factor.
{"title":"Experimental observation of spin Hall effect of light using compact weak measurements","authors":"Jeonghoon Choi, Sangmin Shim, Yeseul Kim, Peng Tang, Guoqiang Li, Junsuk Rho, Dasol Lee, Minkyung Kim","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0217","url":null,"abstract":"The spin Hall effect of light, a phenomenon characterized by the transverse and spin dependent splitting of light at an optical interface, is highly promising for collecting precise quantitative data from interfaces and stands as an appealing option for improving precision metrology. This high level of precision is attributed to the principles of weak measurement. Since its conceptual introduction, the spin Hall effect of light has been empirically observed through weak measurement techniques, adhering closely to the initially proposed experimental configuration. Recently, it has been suggested that the setup can be downsized without compromising precision. Here, the first experimental demonstration of “compact weak measurement” is achieved by observing the spin Hall effect of both reflected and refracted light. Compared to the conventional weak measurement, this compact setup performs the same measurements but requires less free space by replacing the two convex lenses with a set of concave and convex lenses. The compact weak measurement demonstrates excellent agreement with theoretical predictions and experimental findings from traditional setups across both isotropic–isotropic and isotropic–anisotropic interfaces. The experimental validation of the compact configuration paves the way for the practical application of the spin Hall effect of light in devices with a smaller form factor.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0193
Saichao Dang, Wei Yang, Jialei Zhang, Qiwen Zhan, Hong Ye
Sophisticated infrared detection technology, operating through atmospheric transmission windows (usually between 3 and 5 μm and 8–13 μm), can detect an object by capturing its emitted thermal radiation, posing a threat to the survival of targeted objects. As per Wien’s displacement law, the shift of peak wavelength towards shorter wavelengths as blackbody temperature rises, underscores the significance of the 3–5 μm range for ultra-high temperature objects (e.g., at 400 °C), emphasizing the crucial need to control this radiation for the objects’ viability. Additionally, effective heat management is essential for ensuring the consistent operation of these ultrahot entities. In this study, based on a database with high-temperature resist materials, we introduced a material-informatics-based framework aimed at achieving the inverse design of simultaneous thermal camouflage (low emittance in the 3–5 μm range) and radiative cooling (high emittance in the non-atmospheric window 5–8 μm range) tailored for ultrahigh-temperature objects. Utilizing the transfer matrix method to calculate spectral properties and employing the particle swarm optimization algorithm, two optimized multilayer structures with desired spectral characteristics are obtained. The resulted structures demonstrate effective infrared camouflage at temperatures up to 250 °C and 500 °C, achieving reductions of 86.7 % and 63.7 % in the infrared signal, respectively. At equivalent heating power densities applied to the structure and aluminum, structure 1 demonstrates a temperature reduction of 29.4 °C at 0.75 W/cm2, while structure 2 attains a temperature reduction of 57.5 °C at 1.50 W/cm2 compared to aluminum, showcasing enhanced radiative cooling effects. This approach paves the way for attenuating infrared signals from ultrahigh-temperature objects and effectively managing their thermal conditions.
{"title":"Simultaneous thermal camouflage and radiative cooling for ultrahigh-temperature objects using inversely designed hierarchical metamaterial","authors":"Saichao Dang, Wei Yang, Jialei Zhang, Qiwen Zhan, Hong Ye","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0193","url":null,"abstract":"Sophisticated infrared detection technology, operating through atmospheric transmission windows (usually between 3 and 5 μm and 8–13 μm), can detect an object by capturing its emitted thermal radiation, posing a threat to the survival of targeted objects. As per Wien’s displacement law, the shift of peak wavelength towards shorter wavelengths as blackbody temperature rises, underscores the significance of the 3–5 μm range for ultra-high temperature objects (e.g., at 400 °C), emphasizing the crucial need to control this radiation for the objects’ viability. Additionally, effective heat management is essential for ensuring the consistent operation of these ultrahot entities. In this study, based on a database with high-temperature resist materials, we introduced a material-informatics-based framework aimed at achieving the inverse design of simultaneous thermal camouflage (low emittance in the 3–5 μm range) and radiative cooling (high emittance in the non-atmospheric window 5–8 μm range) tailored for ultrahigh-temperature objects. Utilizing the transfer matrix method to calculate spectral properties and employing the particle swarm optimization algorithm, two optimized multilayer structures with desired spectral characteristics are obtained. The resulted structures demonstrate effective infrared camouflage at temperatures up to 250 °C and 500 °C, achieving reductions of 86.7 % and 63.7 % in the infrared signal, respectively. At equivalent heating power densities applied to the structure and aluminum, structure 1 demonstrates a temperature reduction of 29.4 °C at 0.75 W/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>, while structure 2 attains a temperature reduction of 57.5 °C at 1.50 W/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> compared to aluminum, showcasing enhanced radiative cooling effects. This approach paves the way for attenuating infrared signals from ultrahigh-temperature objects and effectively managing their thermal conditions.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0126
Gui Fang Wu, Feng Ping Yan, Xin Yan, Wei Wang, Ting Li, Zhen Hua Li, Lan Ju Liang, Rui Zhang, Fu Tong Chu, Hai Yun Yao, Meng Wang, Zi Qun Wang, Lu Wang, Xiao Fei Hu
Graphene-based metamaterial sensors are of significant research value for detecting food preservatives at low concentrations due to their extremely high sensitivity levels. In this work, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated an anapole resonance-based graphene metasurface (An-graphene-Ms) sensor with its conductivity altered by electrostatic doping effects for detecting and differentiating between two preservatives, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate, in the terahertz region. Sodium benzoate, owing to its benzene ring structure, established π–π stacking interactions between the π-electrons in the benzene ring and those in graphene, amplifying the sensing effect. The amplitude changes and phase differences of the An-graphene-Ms sensor for the sodium benzoate detection were greater than those for potassium sorbate at the same concentration. Additionally, to reveal the dependence of the resonance frequency on the time delay, the measured signals were investigated using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), and the time-frequency combination of the metasurface sensor was performed. The 2D wavelet coefficient intensity cards are effectively constructed through CWT, which also presents a more accurate approach for distinguishing and determining the concentrations of the two preservatives.
{"title":"Ultra-sensitive, graphene metasurface sensor integrated with the nonradiative anapole mode for detecting and differentiating two preservatives","authors":"Gui Fang Wu, Feng Ping Yan, Xin Yan, Wei Wang, Ting Li, Zhen Hua Li, Lan Ju Liang, Rui Zhang, Fu Tong Chu, Hai Yun Yao, Meng Wang, Zi Qun Wang, Lu Wang, Xiao Fei Hu","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0126","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene-based metamaterial sensors are of significant research value for detecting food preservatives at low concentrations due to their extremely high sensitivity levels. In this work, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated an anapole resonance-based graphene metasurface (An-graphene-Ms) sensor with its conductivity altered by electrostatic doping effects for detecting and differentiating between two preservatives, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate, in the terahertz region. Sodium benzoate, owing to its benzene ring structure, established <jats:italic>π</jats:italic>–<jats:italic>π</jats:italic> stacking interactions between the <jats:italic>π</jats:italic>-electrons in the benzene ring and those in graphene, amplifying the sensing effect. The amplitude changes and phase differences of the An-graphene-Ms sensor for the sodium benzoate detection were greater than those for potassium sorbate at the same concentration. Additionally, to reveal the dependence of the resonance frequency on the time delay, the measured signals were investigated using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), and the time-frequency combination of the metasurface sensor was performed. The 2D wavelet coefficient intensity cards are effectively constructed through CWT, which also presents a more accurate approach for distinguishing and determining the concentrations of the two preservatives.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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