Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0331
Haiming Ye, Junhao Ge, Zhengyi Lu, Dudu Song, Jiamin Ji, Zhaoyang Peng, Shunping Zhang, Hongxing Xu
Plasmonic nanocavities have emerged as a powerful platform for extreme light confinement, enabling transformative applications in single-molecule Raman spectroscopy, ultra-sensitive sensing, strong light–matter interactions, etc. By harnessing localized surface plasmons, these nanostructures support unprecedented field enhancement, exceeding 1,000-fold in the sub-nanometer gap. However, a fundamental trade-off exists between deep sub-wavelength field localization and its efficient coupling to free-space light, limiting their practical performance. Here, we show that by balancing the electric and magnetic resonance, more than 55 % of a focused Gaussian beam can be fueled into a nanocube-on-mirror nanocavity. With few concentric gratings, the coupling efficiency can even go up to >95 % at optimal conditions. This design can work at both visible and telecommunication wavelengths and show robust tolerance to fabrication imperfections. Our work indicates that the long-standing conflict between deep field localization and efficient external coupling in plasmonic systems can be resolved by multiscale structure design, promising the use of a single metal nanoparticle for advanced nanophotonic or optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"Near-unity fueling light into a single plasmonic nanocavity","authors":"Haiming Ye, Junhao Ge, Zhengyi Lu, Dudu Song, Jiamin Ji, Zhaoyang Peng, Shunping Zhang, Hongxing Xu","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0331","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmonic nanocavities have emerged as a powerful platform for extreme light confinement, enabling transformative applications in single-molecule Raman spectroscopy, ultra-sensitive sensing, strong light–matter interactions, etc. By harnessing localized surface plasmons, these nanostructures support unprecedented field enhancement, exceeding 1,000-fold in the sub-nanometer gap. However, a fundamental trade-off exists between deep sub-wavelength field localization and its efficient coupling to free-space light, limiting their practical performance. Here, we show that by balancing the electric and magnetic resonance, more than 55 % of a focused Gaussian beam can be fueled into a nanocube-on-mirror nanocavity. With few concentric gratings, the coupling efficiency can even go up to >95 % at optimal conditions. This design can work at both visible and telecommunication wavelengths and show robust tolerance to fabrication imperfections. Our work indicates that the long-standing conflict between deep field localization and efficient external coupling in plasmonic systems can be resolved by multiscale structure design, promising the use of a single metal nanoparticle for advanced nanophotonic or optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145447176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0428
Ning Liu, Qiang Liu, Yutian Lin, Zhihong Zhu, Ken Liu
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) niobium oxide dihalides (e.g., NbOI 2 ) have garnered significant research interest in nonlinear photonics due to their prominent second-order nonlinear optical properties. Integrating these materials with high-quality-factor optical microcavities represents a crucial approach for developing high-performance on-chip nonlinear optical devices. This work demonstrates NbOI 2 -integrated silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) microdisk resonators that achieve second-harmonic generation under low-power (sub-milliwatt) continuous-wave laser pumping, leveraging the superior second-order nonlinearity of NbOI 2 and the strong optical field confinement capability of Si 3 N 4 microdisks. The conversion efficiency of the device is calculated to be about 0.024 %/W. The intrinsic lack of inversion symmetry in NbOI 2 crystals avoids the laborious layer-number-dependent symmetry screening typically required for other 2D materials, while the developed van der Waals transfer technique provides a universal strategy for integrating niobium oxide dihalides with photonic microcavities. This study not only establishes a material-photon co-design strategy for on-chip nonlinear light sources but also lays a critical foundation for advancing quantum photonic chips and on-chip metrology systems.
{"title":"Second-harmonic generation in NbOI 2 -integrated silicon nitride microdisk resonators","authors":"Ning Liu, Qiang Liu, Yutian Lin, Zhihong Zhu, Ken Liu","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0428","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) niobium oxide dihalides (e.g., NbOI <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ) have garnered significant research interest in nonlinear photonics due to their prominent second-order nonlinear optical properties. Integrating these materials with high-quality-factor optical microcavities represents a crucial approach for developing high-performance on-chip nonlinear optical devices. This work demonstrates NbOI <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> -integrated silicon nitride (Si <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> N <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> ) microdisk resonators that achieve second-harmonic generation under low-power (sub-milliwatt) continuous-wave laser pumping, leveraging the superior second-order nonlinearity of NbOI <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and the strong optical field confinement capability of Si <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> N <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> microdisks. The conversion efficiency of the device is calculated to be about 0.024 %/W. The intrinsic lack of inversion symmetry in NbOI <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> crystals avoids the laborious layer-number-dependent symmetry screening typically required for other 2D materials, while the developed van der Waals transfer technique provides a universal strategy for integrating niobium oxide dihalides with photonic microcavities. This study not only establishes a material-photon co-design strategy for on-chip nonlinear light sources but also lays a critical foundation for advancing quantum photonic chips and on-chip metrology systems.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145447177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The photophysical properties of single-molecule emitters are altered by nanophotonic structures such as single plasmonic nanoparticles. The intensity and spectral properties of plasmon-coupled emitters have been studied extensively, but little is known about the effect of plasmon coupling on emission polarization. Here, we examine how particle-emitter coupling modifies the polarization of single fluorophores in both experiment and simulation. We quantify degree of linear polarization using Stokes polarimetry with a polarization-sensitive camera and quantify the Stokes parameters with a single-shot acquisition without requiring additional optics in the detection path. We then perform polarization-resolved measurements of plasmon-coupled fluorescence from single-molecule emitters using an approach based on DNA-PAINT. We quantify the effect of the setup and associated noise sources on the measured Stokes parameters. We then quantify the angle of linear polarization (AoLP) and the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) for thousands of single molecules. We compare our results to a numerical model that propagates the plasmon-coupled single-molecule emission through the optical setup to yield the polarized point spread function in the camera plane. Simulations and experiments are in good agreement and shed new light on the polarization of antenna-coupled fluorophores, while it establishes single-shot polarimetry as a promising and straightforward method to quantify polarization properties at the single-molecule level.
{"title":"Single-shot Stokes polarimetry of plasmon-coupled single-molecule fluorescence","authors":"Sarojini Mahajan, Yuyang Wang, Teun A.P.M. Huijben, Rodolphe Marie, Peter Zijlstra","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0352","url":null,"abstract":"The photophysical properties of single-molecule emitters are altered by nanophotonic structures such as single plasmonic nanoparticles. The intensity and spectral properties of plasmon-coupled emitters have been studied extensively, but little is known about the effect of plasmon coupling on emission polarization. Here, we examine how particle-emitter coupling modifies the polarization of single fluorophores in both experiment and simulation. We quantify degree of linear polarization using Stokes polarimetry with a polarization-sensitive camera and quantify the Stokes parameters with a single-shot acquisition without requiring additional optics in the detection path. We then perform polarization-resolved measurements of plasmon-coupled fluorescence from single-molecule emitters using an approach based on DNA-PAINT. We quantify the effect of the setup and associated noise sources on the measured Stokes parameters. We then quantify the angle of linear polarization (AoLP) and the degree of linear polarization (DoLP) for thousands of single molecules. We compare our results to a numerical model that propagates the plasmon-coupled single-molecule emission through the optical setup to yield the polarized point spread function in the camera plane. Simulations and experiments are in good agreement and shed new light on the polarization of antenna-coupled fluorophores, while it establishes single-shot polarimetry as a promising and straightforward method to quantify polarization properties at the single-molecule level.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"230 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145447180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0402
Xiang Liu, Peipeng Xu, Yingxuan Zhao, Zhen Sheng, Fuwan Gan
Programmable integrated photonic circuits are poised to drive a new revolution in information systems by synergizing with high-speed digital signals. Central to this vision is the ability to reconfigure optical signal processing for multi-functional photonic integration. Here, we design and experimentally demonstrate a thermo-optically reconfigurable adiabatic coupler monolithically integrated on a silicon photonics platform. The device combines adiabatic directional couplers with titanium nitride (TiN) micro-heaters embedded in the adiabatic transition region, enabling dynamic coupling ratio tuning via the localized thermo-optic modulation. Experimental results confirm continuous coupling ratio adjustment from 50:50 to 70:30 across 80-nm bandwidth (1,520–1,600 nm), with insertion loss kept below 0.25 dB. Leveraging its tunability, the device enables programmable spectral routing with free spectral ranges (FSR) of 20 nm and 40 nm. The proposed approach offers enhanced flexibility and scalability for high-density photonic systems, providing a promising pathway toward next-generation programmable photonic circuits and optical computing architectures.
{"title":"Continuously tunable broadband adiabatic coupler for programmable photonic processors","authors":"Xiang Liu, Peipeng Xu, Yingxuan Zhao, Zhen Sheng, Fuwan Gan","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0402","url":null,"abstract":"Programmable integrated photonic circuits are poised to drive a new revolution in information systems by synergizing with high-speed digital signals. Central to this vision is the ability to reconfigure optical signal processing for multi-functional photonic integration. Here, we design and experimentally demonstrate a thermo-optically reconfigurable adiabatic coupler monolithically integrated on a silicon photonics platform. The device combines adiabatic directional couplers with titanium nitride (TiN) micro-heaters embedded in the adiabatic transition region, enabling dynamic coupling ratio tuning via the localized thermo-optic modulation. Experimental results confirm continuous coupling ratio adjustment from 50:50 to 70:30 across 80-nm bandwidth (1,520–1,600 nm), with insertion loss kept below 0.25 dB. Leveraging its tunability, the device enables programmable spectral routing with free spectral ranges (FSR) of 20 nm and 40 nm. The proposed approach offers enhanced flexibility and scalability for high-density photonic systems, providing a promising pathway toward next-generation programmable photonic circuits and optical computing architectures.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145447181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0449
Alexandra Boltasseva, Nader Engheta, Giuseppe Strangi, Dennis Couwenberg
{"title":"In honor of Federico Capasso, a visionary in nanophotonics, on the occasion of his 75th birthday","authors":"Alexandra Boltasseva, Nader Engheta, Giuseppe Strangi, Dennis Couwenberg","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0449","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145447606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0491
Kuntal Samanta, Sphinx J. Svensson, Sonja Franke-Arnold, Niclas Westerberg
Features of complex vector light become important in any interference effects, including scattering, diffraction, and nonlinear processes. Here, we are investigating the role of polarization-structured light in atomic state interferometers. Unlike optical or atomic path interferometers, these facilitate local interference between atomic transition amplitudes and hence the orthogonal optical polarization components driving these transitions. We develop a fully analytical description for the interaction of generalized structured light with an atomic four state system, that is, multiply connected via optical as well as magnetic transitions. Our model allows us to identify spatially dependent dark states, associated with spatially structured absorption coefficients, which are defined by the geometry of the polarization state and the magnetic field direction. We illustrate this for a range of optical beams including polarization vortices, optical skyrmions, and polarization lattices. This results in a new interpretation and an enhanced understanding of atomic state interferometry, and a versatile mechanism to modify and control optical absorption as a function of polarization and magnetic field alignment.
{"title":"Atomic state interferometry for complex vector light","authors":"Kuntal Samanta, Sphinx J. Svensson, Sonja Franke-Arnold, Niclas Westerberg","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0491","url":null,"abstract":"Features of complex vector light become important in any interference effects, including scattering, diffraction, and nonlinear processes. Here, we are investigating the role of polarization-structured light in atomic state interferometers. Unlike optical or atomic path interferometers, these facilitate local interference between atomic transition amplitudes and hence the orthogonal optical polarization components driving these transitions. We develop a fully analytical description for the interaction of generalized structured light with an atomic four state system, that is, multiply connected via optical as well as magnetic transitions. Our model allows us to identify spatially dependent dark states, associated with spatially structured absorption coefficients, which are defined by the geometry of the polarization state and the magnetic field direction. We illustrate this for a range of optical beams including polarization vortices, optical skyrmions, and polarization lattices. This results in a new interpretation and an enhanced understanding of atomic state interferometry, and a versatile mechanism to modify and control optical absorption as a function of polarization and magnetic field alignment.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145447179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0481
Ju Won Choi, Kenny Y.K. Ong, Masaki Kato, Gemma Y.N. Chee, Benjamin J. Eggleton, Radhakrishnan Nagarajan, Dawn T.H. Tan
Optical pulses are essential as information carriers, for driving nonlinear light sources, imaging, the study of attosecond science and 3D printing. In many applications, short pulses are needed. For example, the resolution of imaging methods which utilize short pulses is limited by the temporal width of the pulses, as is the capacity of time division multiplexed data. The temporal compression of optical pulses is an important approach to achieving ultrashort pulses. With the widespread proliferation of silicon photonics and their use in a multitude of applications, an integrated, CMOS-compatible approach for pulse compression would allow its seamless integration with other photonic integrated circuits. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate silicon-based pulse compression fabricated in a CMOS foundry. The first technique utilizes two stages, one for generating self-phase modulation through the Kerr nonlinearity in silicon, and the second for temporal synchronization of the new wavelengths. The second technique leverages Bragg soliton-effect temporal compression. We experimentally demonstrate temporal compression of up to 3.6× and good agreement with numerical calculations. This work represents efficient silicon-on-insulator devices for temporal compression realized using a wafer-scale CMOS foundry process and may therefore be mass manufactured and integrated seamlessly with other photonic and electronic circuits.
{"title":"Wafer-scale CMOS foundry silicon-on-insulator devices for integrated temporal pulse compression","authors":"Ju Won Choi, Kenny Y.K. Ong, Masaki Kato, Gemma Y.N. Chee, Benjamin J. Eggleton, Radhakrishnan Nagarajan, Dawn T.H. Tan","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0481","url":null,"abstract":"Optical pulses are essential as information carriers, for driving nonlinear light sources, imaging, the study of attosecond science and 3D printing. In many applications, short pulses are needed. For example, the resolution of imaging methods which utilize short pulses is limited by the temporal width of the pulses, as is the capacity of time division multiplexed data. The temporal compression of optical pulses is an important approach to achieving ultrashort pulses. With the widespread proliferation of silicon photonics and their use in a multitude of applications, an integrated, CMOS-compatible approach for pulse compression would allow its seamless integration with other photonic integrated circuits. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate silicon-based pulse compression fabricated in a CMOS foundry. The first technique utilizes two stages, one for generating self-phase modulation through the Kerr nonlinearity in silicon, and the second for temporal synchronization of the new wavelengths. The second technique leverages Bragg soliton-effect temporal compression. We experimentally demonstrate temporal compression of up to 3.6× and good agreement with numerical calculations. This work represents efficient silicon-on-insulator devices for temporal compression realized using a wafer-scale CMOS foundry process and may therefore be mass manufactured and integrated seamlessly with other photonic and electronic circuits.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145441267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0492
Jiho Noh, Julian Schulz, Wladimir Benalcazar, Christina Jörg
Photonic platforms have emerged as versatile and powerful classical simulators of quantum dynamics, providing clean, controllable optical analogs of extended structured (i.e., crystalline) electronic systems. While most realizations to date have used only the fundamental mode at each site, recent advances in structured light – particularly the use of higher-order spatial modes, including those with orbital angular momentum – are enabling richer dynamics and new functionalities. These additional degrees of freedom facilitate the emulation of phenomena ranging from topological band structures and synthetic gauge fields to orbitronics. In this perspective, we discuss how exploiting the internal structure of higher-order modes is reshaping the scope and capabilities of photonic platforms for simulating quantum phenomena.
{"title":"Orbital frontiers: harnessing higher modes in photonic simulators","authors":"Jiho Noh, Julian Schulz, Wladimir Benalcazar, Christina Jörg","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0492","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic platforms have emerged as versatile and powerful classical simulators of quantum dynamics, providing clean, controllable optical analogs of extended structured (i.e., crystalline) electronic systems. While most realizations to date have used only the fundamental mode at each site, recent advances in structured light – particularly the use of higher-order spatial modes, including those with orbital angular momentum – are enabling richer dynamics and new functionalities. These additional degrees of freedom facilitate the emulation of phenomena ranging from topological band structures and synthetic gauge fields to orbitronics. In this perspective, we discuss how exploiting the internal structure of higher-order modes is reshaping the scope and capabilities of photonic platforms for simulating quantum phenomena.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145441269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-03DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0385
Chia-Chien Huang
Metasurfaces composed of van der Waals materials exhibit extreme anisotropy and strong subwavelength confinement, enabling precise control of mid-infrared and terahertz waves for advanced photonic and optoelectronic applications. Among their intriguing phenomena, canalization – characterized by nearly diffraction-free propagation – offers significant potential for nanoscale light manipulation and enhanced light–matter interactions. Recently, gratings were demonstrated to induce synthetic transverse optical (STO) resonances, facilitating canalization perpendicular to the ribbon axis. In this study, we introduce a novel canalization mechanism by sandwiching a grating of hBN ribbons between graphene layers. The hybrid structure achieves orthogonal redirection of STO-induced canalization through the coupling plasmon polaritons in graphene and phonon polaritons in the hBN ribbons, achieving beam widths of approximately 300 nm (∼ λ0 /20, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength) across the spectral range of 1,470–1,510 cm −1 . Detailed analyses were conducted by varying graphene’s Fermi energy and geometric parameters, elucidating key field characteristics and spatial evolution of the canalization. Moreover, practical feasibility is demonstrated through simulated experimental antenna-launched excitation. Our finding holds promise for the development of polariton canalizations in diverse vdW material systems and facilitating on-chip photonic applications.
{"title":"Orthogonal canalized polaritons via coupling graphene plasmon and phonon polaritons of hBN metasurface","authors":"Chia-Chien Huang","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0385","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurfaces composed of van der Waals materials exhibit extreme anisotropy and strong subwavelength confinement, enabling precise control of mid-infrared and terahertz waves for advanced photonic and optoelectronic applications. Among their intriguing phenomena, canalization – characterized by nearly diffraction-free propagation – offers significant potential for nanoscale light manipulation and enhanced light–matter interactions. Recently, gratings were demonstrated to induce synthetic transverse optical (STO) resonances, facilitating canalization perpendicular to the ribbon axis. In this study, we introduce a novel canalization mechanism by sandwiching a grating of hBN ribbons between graphene layers. The hybrid structure achieves orthogonal redirection of STO-induced canalization through the coupling plasmon polaritons in graphene and phonon polaritons in the hBN ribbons, achieving beam widths of approximately 300 nm (∼ <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> /20, where <jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> is the free-space wavelength) across the spectral range of 1,470–1,510 cm <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> . Detailed analyses were conducted by varying graphene’s Fermi energy and geometric parameters, elucidating key field characteristics and spatial evolution of the canalization. Moreover, practical feasibility is demonstrated through simulated experimental antenna-launched excitation. Our finding holds promise for the development of polariton canalizations in diverse vdW material systems and facilitating on-chip photonic applications.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145427509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0355
Yu Ma, Mengqi Li, Jianping Yu, Zhiwei Fang, Min Wang, Jintian Lin, Haisu Zhang, Ya Cheng
Erbium-doped waveguide lasers have attracted great interests in recent years due to their compact footprint, high scalability and low phase noise. In this work, by using a high-external-gain erbium-doped thin-film lithium niobate waveguide as the gain medium, a fiber-Bragg-grating based Fabry–Perot-type laser is demonstrated with the low pump threshold of few-milliwatts, narrow bandwidth of 0.1 nm, high external output power above 2 mW and maximum optical signal-to-noise ratios above 50 dB. Laser linewidth measurements by self-delayed homodyne and heterodyne detections reveal the underlying multi-longitudinal-mode laser structure and the average intrinsic linewidth as low as ∼50 kHz for the individual longitudinal-modes. Theoretical modeling of the waveguide laser is also conducted with high consistence with the experimental measurements. The demonstrated high-power erbium-doped waveguide laser on thin-film lithium niobate can find diverse applications in optical communication and laser sensing.
{"title":"High external power narrow bandwidth erbium doped waveguide laser on thin film lithium niobate","authors":"Yu Ma, Mengqi Li, Jianping Yu, Zhiwei Fang, Min Wang, Jintian Lin, Haisu Zhang, Ya Cheng","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0355","url":null,"abstract":"Erbium-doped waveguide lasers have attracted great interests in recent years due to their compact footprint, high scalability and low phase noise. In this work, by using a high-external-gain erbium-doped thin-film lithium niobate waveguide as the gain medium, a fiber-Bragg-grating based Fabry–Perot-type laser is demonstrated with the low pump threshold of few-milliwatts, narrow bandwidth of 0.1 nm, high external output power above 2 mW and maximum optical signal-to-noise ratios above 50 dB. Laser linewidth measurements by self-delayed homodyne and heterodyne detections reveal the underlying multi-longitudinal-mode laser structure and the average intrinsic linewidth as low as ∼50 kHz for the individual longitudinal-modes. Theoretical modeling of the waveguide laser is also conducted with high consistence with the experimental measurements. The demonstrated high-power erbium-doped waveguide laser on thin-film lithium niobate can find diverse applications in optical communication and laser sensing.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：