Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0159
Yuzhang Liang, Shuwen Chu, Xinran Wei, Haonan Wei, Sun Cheng, Yi Han, Wei Peng
Hybridization coupling among plasmon modes is an effective approach to manipulate near-field properties thus optical spectral shapes of plasmonic nanostructures. Generally, mode hybridization coupling is achieved by modifying the topography and dimensions of nanostructures themselves, with few concerns about substrate-induced manipulation. Herein, we propose a composite nanostructure consisting of a gold (Au) nanodisk array and a thin Au film supported by a dielectric substrate. In this configuration, both the refractive index of the dielectric substrate and thin gold film’s thickness mediate the interaction of plasmon modes supported by upper and lower interfaces of the composite nanostructure, resulting in two hybridized plasmon modes. We systematically investigate the relationship between optical fields at the top surface of plasmon modes before and after the hybridization coupling. Specifically, the near-field amplitude at the top surface of the unhybridized modes is stronger than that of individual hybridized mode, and lower than the near-field summation of these two hybridized modes. This work not only provides a straightforward strategy for generating two plasmon modes in a nanostructure but also elucidates the variation of the optical field during the hybridization process, which is of crucial significance for applications, such as upconversion enhancement and multi-resonance sensing.
{"title":"Substrate-induced hybridization of plasmon modes in the composite nanostructure of nanodisk array/thin film for spectrum modulation","authors":"Yuzhang Liang, Shuwen Chu, Xinran Wei, Haonan Wei, Sun Cheng, Yi Han, Wei Peng","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0159","url":null,"abstract":"Hybridization coupling among plasmon modes is an effective approach to manipulate near-field properties thus optical spectral shapes of plasmonic nanostructures. Generally, mode hybridization coupling is achieved by modifying the topography and dimensions of nanostructures themselves, with few concerns about substrate-induced manipulation. Herein, we propose a composite nanostructure consisting of a gold (Au) nanodisk array and a thin Au film supported by a dielectric substrate. In this configuration, both the refractive index of the dielectric substrate and thin gold film’s thickness mediate the interaction of plasmon modes supported by upper and lower interfaces of the composite nanostructure, resulting in two hybridized plasmon modes. We systematically investigate the relationship between optical fields at the top surface of plasmon modes before and after the hybridization coupling. Specifically, the near-field amplitude at the top surface of the unhybridized modes is stronger than that of individual hybridized mode, and lower than the near-field summation of these two hybridized modes. This work not only provides a straightforward strategy for generating two plasmon modes in a nanostructure but also elucidates the variation of the optical field during the hybridization process, which is of crucial significance for applications, such as upconversion enhancement and multi-resonance sensing.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0218
Viktoriia Mastalieva, Vladimir Neplokh, Arseniy Aybush, Ekaterina Stovpiaga, Daniil Eurov, Maksim Vinnichenko, Danila Karaulov, Demid Kirillenko, Alexey Mozharov, Vladislav Sharov, Denis Kolchanov, Andrey Machnev, Valery Golubev, Alexander Smirnov, Pavel Ginzburg, Sergey Makarov, Dmitry Kurdyukov, Ivan Mukhin
Efficient second harmonic generation and broad-band photoluminescence from deeply subwavelength and nontoxic nanoparticles is essential for nanophotonic applications. Here, we explore nonlinear optical response from mesoporous Si/SiO2, SiO2, and Si nanoparticles, considering various fabrication and treatment procedures. We show that thermal annealing (including femtosecond laser treatment) of mesoporous Si/SiO2 nanoparticles provides the transformation of Si phase from amorphous to crystalline, enhancing the second harmonic and nonlinear photoluminescent response. Notably, the SiO2 mesoporous frame of the considered Si/SiO2 nanoparticles plays a dual positive role for the nonlinear process: it stabilizes the Si material, and SiO2:OH− material has a second-order nonlinearity itself and impacts to the observed second harmonic signal.
深亚波长和无毒纳米粒子的高效二次谐波生成和宽带光致发光对于纳米光子应用至关重要。在此，我们考虑了各种制造和处理过程，探索了介孔 Si/SiO2、SiO2 和 Si 纳米粒子的非线性光学响应。我们发现，介孔 Si/SiO2 纳米粒子的热退火（包括飞秒激光处理）可使 Si 相从无定形转变为晶体，从而增强二次谐波和非线性光致发光响应。值得注意的是，所考虑的 Si/SiO2 纳米粒子的 SiO2 介孔框架对非线性过程起着双重积极作用：它稳定了 Si 材料，SiO2:OH- 材料本身具有二阶非线性，并对观察到的二次谐波信号产生影响。
{"title":"Second harmonic generation and broad-band photoluminescence in mesoporous Si/SiO2 nanoparticles","authors":"Viktoriia Mastalieva, Vladimir Neplokh, Arseniy Aybush, Ekaterina Stovpiaga, Daniil Eurov, Maksim Vinnichenko, Danila Karaulov, Demid Kirillenko, Alexey Mozharov, Vladislav Sharov, Denis Kolchanov, Andrey Machnev, Valery Golubev, Alexander Smirnov, Pavel Ginzburg, Sergey Makarov, Dmitry Kurdyukov, Ivan Mukhin","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0218","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient second harmonic generation and broad-band photoluminescence from deeply subwavelength and nontoxic nanoparticles is essential for nanophotonic applications. Here, we explore nonlinear optical response from mesoporous Si/SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, and Si nanoparticles, considering various fabrication and treatment procedures. We show that thermal annealing (including femtosecond laser treatment) of mesoporous Si/SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles provides the transformation of Si phase from amorphous to crystalline, enhancing the second harmonic and nonlinear photoluminescent response. Notably, the SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> mesoporous frame of the considered Si/SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles plays a dual positive role for the nonlinear process: it stabilizes the Si material, and SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>:OH<jats:sup>−</jats:sup> material has a second-order nonlinearity itself and impacts to the observed second harmonic signal.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"357 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0174
Xinyu Liu, Dan Wei, Chun Chang, Dingwei Liu, Juntao Li, Dunzhao Wei
The concept of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has not only advanced fundamental physics research but also yielded a plethora of practical applications, benefitting from the abundant methods for OAM generation based on linear, nonlinear and combined schemes. The combined scheme could generate octave-separating OAM beams, potentially increasing the channels for optical communication and data storage. However, this scheme faces a challenge in achieving high conversion efficiency. In this work, we have demonstrated the generation of multiple OAM beams at both fundamental frequency and second harmonic (SH) wavelengths using a three-dimensional forked grating array with both spatial χ(1) and χ(2) distributions in a lithium niobate nonlinear photonic crystal platform. The enhancements of the fundamental and SH OAM beams have been achieved by employing linear Bragg diffraction and nonlinear Bragg diffraction, respectively, i.e., quasi-phase matching. The experimental results show that OAM beams with variable topological charges can be enhanced at different diffraction orders via wavelength or angle tuning, achieving conversion efficiencies of 60.45 % for the linear OAM beams and 1.08 × 10−4 W −1 for the nonlinear ones. This work provides a promising approach for parallel detection of OAM states in optical communications, and extends beyond OAM towards the control of structured light via cascaded linear and nonlinear processes.
{"title":"Efficient generation of octave-separating orbital angular momentum beams via forked grating array in lithium niobite crystal","authors":"Xinyu Liu, Dan Wei, Chun Chang, Dingwei Liu, Juntao Li, Dunzhao Wei","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0174","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has not only advanced fundamental physics research but also yielded a plethora of practical applications, benefitting from the abundant methods for OAM generation based on linear, nonlinear and combined schemes. The combined scheme could generate octave-separating OAM beams, potentially increasing the channels for optical communication and data storage. However, this scheme faces a challenge in achieving high conversion efficiency. In this work, we have demonstrated the generation of multiple OAM beams at both fundamental frequency and second harmonic (SH) wavelengths using a three-dimensional forked grating array with both spatial <jats:italic>χ</jats:italic> <jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup> and <jats:italic>χ</jats:italic> <jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup> distributions in a lithium niobate nonlinear photonic crystal platform. The enhancements of the fundamental and SH OAM beams have been achieved by employing linear Bragg diffraction and nonlinear Bragg diffraction, respectively, i.e., quasi-phase matching. The experimental results show that OAM beams with variable topological charges can be enhanced at different diffraction orders via wavelength or angle tuning, achieving conversion efficiencies of 60.45 % for the linear OAM beams and 1.08 × 10<jats:sup>−4</jats:sup> W<jats:sup> −1</jats:sup> for the nonlinear ones. This work provides a promising approach for parallel detection of OAM states in optical communications, and extends beyond OAM towards the control of structured light via cascaded linear and nonlinear processes.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0274
Laiwen Yu, Yurui Li, Hengtai Xiang, Yuanrong Li, Hengzhen Cao, Zhongyang Ji, Liu Liu, Xi Xiao, Jianbo Yin, Jingshu Guo, Daoxin Dai
Silicon photonics with the advantages of low power consumption and low fabrication cost is a crucial technology for facilitating high-capacity optical communications and interconnects. The graphene photodetectors (GPDs) featuring broadband operation, high speed, and low integration cost can be good additions to the SiGe photodetectors, supporting high-speed photodetection in wavelength bands beyond 1.6 μm on silicon. Here we realize a silicon-integrated four-channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical receiver based on a micro-ring resonator (MRR) array and four p-n homojunction GPDs. These photo-thermoelectric (PTE) GPDs exhibit zero-bias responsivities of ∼1.1 V W−1 and set-up limited 3 dB-bandwidth >67 GHz. The GPDs show good consistence benefiting from the compact active region array (0.006 mm2) covered by a single mechanically exfoliated hBN/graphene/hBN stack. Moreover, the WDM graphene optical receiver realized 4 × 16 Gbps non-return-to-zero optical signal transmission. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first GPD-array-based optical receiver using high-quality mechanically exfoliated graphene and edge graphene-metal contacts with low resistances. Apparently, our design is also compatible with CVD-grown graphene. This work sheds light on the large-scale integration of GPDs with high consistency and uniformity, enabling the application of high-quality mechanically exfoliated graphene, and promoting the development of the graphene photonic integrated circuits.
{"title":"Four-channel graphene optical receiver","authors":"Laiwen Yu, Yurui Li, Hengtai Xiang, Yuanrong Li, Hengzhen Cao, Zhongyang Ji, Liu Liu, Xi Xiao, Jianbo Yin, Jingshu Guo, Daoxin Dai","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0274","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon photonics with the advantages of low power consumption and low fabrication cost is a crucial technology for facilitating high-capacity optical communications and interconnects. The graphene photodetectors (GPDs) featuring broadband operation, high speed, and low integration cost can be good additions to the SiGe photodetectors, supporting high-speed photodetection in wavelength bands beyond 1.6 μm on silicon. Here we realize a silicon-integrated four-channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical receiver based on a micro-ring resonator (MRR) array and four p-n homojunction GPDs. These photo-thermoelectric (PTE) GPDs exhibit zero-bias responsivities of ∼1.1 V W<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and set-up limited 3 dB-bandwidth >67 GHz. The GPDs show good consistence benefiting from the compact active region array (0.006 mm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) covered by a single mechanically exfoliated hBN/graphene/hBN stack. Moreover, the WDM graphene optical receiver realized 4 × 16 Gbps non-return-to-zero optical signal transmission. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first GPD-array-based optical receiver using high-quality mechanically exfoliated graphene and edge graphene-metal contacts with low resistances. Apparently, our design is also compatible with CVD-grown graphene. This work sheds light on the large-scale integration of GPDs with high consistency and uniformity, enabling the application of high-quality mechanically exfoliated graphene, and promoting the development of the graphene photonic integrated circuits.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-resonant metasurfaces are of great significance in the applications of multi-band nanophotonics. Here, we propose a novel metasurface design scheme for simultaneously supporting quasi-bound states in continuum (QBIC) and other resonant modes, in which QBIC resonance is generated by mirror or rotational symmetry breaking in oligomers while other resonant modes can be simultaneously excited by rationally designing the shapes of meta-atoms within oligomers. As an example, the simultaneous excitation of QBIC and anapole modes are demonstrated in a dimer metasurface composed of asymmetric dumbbell-shaped apertures. Based on the far-field multipole decomposition and near-field electromagnetic field distributions, the origin mechanisms of QBIC and anapole mode are elucidated. The symmetry breaking of dumbbell-shaped dimer results in QBIC. Within a certain asymmetric variation range, the contributions of toroidal dipole moment and electric dipole moment with approximately equal magnitudes remain dominant, which allows the anapole mode to always present. The effectiveness of the proposed design scheme is further confirmed by the experimental results identical with the evolutions of numerical simulation. In terahertz biosensing experiments, the anapole mode exhibits a higher sensitivity of 271.3 GHz (nmol/μl)−1, whereas the QBIC can achieve a lower detection limit of 0.015 nmol/μl and expands the detection range by almost an order of magnitude. Our findings are beneficial to designing multi-resonant metasurfaces with different resonance modes and promote the corresponding applications in the fields of biosensing, lasers, filtering, and nonlinearity.
{"title":"Asymmetric dumbbell dimers simultaneously supporting quasi-bound states in continuum and anapole modes for terahertz biosensing","authors":"Jixin Feng, Xianghui Wang, Weinan Shi, Liang Ma, Yunyun Ji, Fei Fan, Shengjiang Chang","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0254","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-resonant metasurfaces are of great significance in the applications of multi-band nanophotonics. Here, we propose a novel metasurface design scheme for simultaneously supporting quasi-bound states in continuum (QBIC) and other resonant modes, in which QBIC resonance is generated by mirror or rotational symmetry breaking in oligomers while other resonant modes can be simultaneously excited by rationally designing the shapes of meta-atoms within oligomers. As an example, the simultaneous excitation of QBIC and anapole modes are demonstrated in a dimer metasurface composed of asymmetric dumbbell-shaped apertures. Based on the far-field multipole decomposition and near-field electromagnetic field distributions, the origin mechanisms of QBIC and anapole mode are elucidated. The symmetry breaking of dumbbell-shaped dimer results in QBIC. Within a certain asymmetric variation range, the contributions of toroidal dipole moment and electric dipole moment with approximately equal magnitudes remain dominant, which allows the anapole mode to always present. The effectiveness of the proposed design scheme is further confirmed by the experimental results identical with the evolutions of numerical simulation. In terahertz biosensing experiments, the anapole mode exhibits a higher sensitivity of 271.3 GHz (nmol/μl)<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, whereas the QBIC can achieve a lower detection limit of 0.015 nmol/μl and expands the detection range by almost an order of magnitude. Our findings are beneficial to designing multi-resonant metasurfaces with different resonance modes and promote the corresponding applications in the fields of biosensing, lasers, filtering, and nonlinearity.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0267
Sotiris Psilodimitrakopoulos, Stepan Ilin, Lev E. Zelenkov, Sergey Makarov, Emmanuel Stratakis
Second harmonic generation is a non-linear optical phenomenon in which coherent radiation with frequency ω interacts with a non-centrosymmetric material and produces coherent radiation at frequency 2ω. Owing to the exciting physical phenomena that take place during the non-linear optical excitation at the nanoscale, there is currently extensive research in the non-linear optical responses of nanomaterials, particularly in low-dimensional materials. Here, we review recent advancements in the polarization-resolved second harmonic generation propertied from atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) crystals and present a unified theoretical framework to account for their nonlinear optical response. Two major classes of 2D materials are particularly investigated, namely metal chalcogenides and perovskites. The first attempts to tune and control the second harmonic generation properties of such materials via the application of specific nanophotonic schemes are additionally demonstrated and discussed. Besides presenting recent advances in the field, this work also delineates existing limitations and highlights emerging possibilities and future prospects in this field.
{"title":"Tailoring of the polarization-resolved second harmonic generation in two-dimensional semiconductors","authors":"Sotiris Psilodimitrakopoulos, Stepan Ilin, Lev E. Zelenkov, Sergey Makarov, Emmanuel Stratakis","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0267","url":null,"abstract":"Second harmonic generation is a non-linear optical phenomenon in which coherent radiation with frequency <jats:italic>ω</jats:italic> interacts with a non-centrosymmetric material and produces coherent radiation at frequency 2<jats:italic>ω</jats:italic>. Owing to the exciting physical phenomena that take place during the non-linear optical excitation at the nanoscale, there is currently extensive research in the non-linear optical responses of nanomaterials, particularly in low-dimensional materials. Here, we review recent advancements in the polarization-resolved second harmonic generation propertied from atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) crystals and present a unified theoretical framework to account for their nonlinear optical response. Two major classes of 2D materials are particularly investigated, namely metal chalcogenides and perovskites. The first attempts to tune and control the second harmonic generation properties of such materials via the application of specific nanophotonic schemes are additionally demonstrated and discussed. Besides presenting recent advances in the field, this work also delineates existing limitations and highlights emerging possibilities and future prospects in this field.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141857625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optical imaging and single-molecule imaging, in particular, utilize fluorescent tags in order to differentiate observed species by color. The degree of color multiplexing is dependent on the available spectral detection window and the ability to distinguish between fluorophores of different colors within this window. Consequently, most single-molecule imaging techniques rely on two to four colors for multiplexing. DeepQR combines compact spectral imaging with deep learning to enable 4 color acquisition with only 3 spectral detection windows. It allows rapid high-throughput acquisition and decoding of hundreds of unique single-molecule color combinations applied here to tag native RNA targets. We validate our method with clinical samples analyzed with the NanoString gene-expression inflammation panel side by side with the commercially available NanoString nCounter system. We demonstrate high concordance with “gold-standard” filter-based imaging and over a four-fold decrease in acquisition time by applying a single snapshot to record four-color barcodes. The new approach paves the path for extreme single-molecule multiplexing.
{"title":"DeepQR: single-molecule QR codes for optical gene-expression analysis","authors":"Jonathan Jeffet, Barak Hadad, Sahar Froim, Kawsar Kaboub, Keren M. Rabinowitz, Jasline Deek, Sapir Margalit, Iris Dotan, Alon Bahabad, Yuval Ebenstein","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0236","url":null,"abstract":"Optical imaging and single-molecule imaging, in particular, utilize fluorescent tags in order to differentiate observed species by color. The degree of color multiplexing is dependent on the available spectral detection window and the ability to distinguish between fluorophores of different colors within this window. Consequently, most single-molecule imaging techniques rely on two to four colors for multiplexing. DeepQR combines compact spectral imaging with deep learning to enable 4 color acquisition with only 3 spectral detection windows. It allows rapid high-throughput acquisition and decoding of hundreds of unique single-molecule color combinations applied here to tag native RNA targets. We validate our method with clinical samples analyzed with the NanoString gene-expression inflammation panel side by side with the commercially available NanoString nCounter system. We demonstrate high concordance with “gold-standard” filter-based imaging and over a four-fold decrease in acquisition time by applying a single snapshot to record four-color barcodes. The new approach paves the path for extreme single-molecule multiplexing.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"380 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0212
Heedong Goh, Alex Krasnok, Andrea Alù
Reciprocal scatterers necessarily extinguish the same amount of incoming power when excited from opposite directions. This property implies that it is not possible to realize scatterers that are transparent when excited from one direction but that scatter and absorb light for the opposite excitation, limiting opportunities in the context of asymmetric imaging and nanophotonic circuits. This reciprocity constraint may be overcome with an external bias that breaks time-reversal symmetry, posing however challenges in terms of practical implementations and integration. Here, we explore the use of tailored nonlinearities combined with geometric asymmetries in suitably tailored resonant nanoantennas. We demonstrate that, under suitable design conditions, a nonlinear scatterer can be cloaked for one excitation direction, yet strongly scatters when excited at the same frequency and intensity from the opposite direction. This nonreciprocal scattering phenomenon opens opportunities for nonlinear nanophotonics, asymmetric imaging and visibility, all-optical signal processing and directional sensing.
{"title":"Nonreciprocal scattering and unidirectional cloaking in nonlinear nanoantennas","authors":"Heedong Goh, Alex Krasnok, Andrea Alù","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0212","url":null,"abstract":"Reciprocal scatterers necessarily extinguish the same amount of incoming power when excited from opposite directions. This property implies that it is not possible to realize scatterers that are transparent when excited from one direction but that scatter and absorb light for the opposite excitation, limiting opportunities in the context of asymmetric imaging and nanophotonic circuits. This reciprocity constraint may be overcome with an external bias that breaks time-reversal symmetry, posing however challenges in terms of practical implementations and integration. Here, we explore the use of tailored nonlinearities combined with geometric asymmetries in suitably tailored resonant nanoantennas. We demonstrate that, under suitable design conditions, a nonlinear scatterer can be cloaked for one excitation direction, yet strongly scatters when excited at the same frequency and intensity from the opposite direction. This nonreciprocal scattering phenomenon opens opportunities for nonlinear nanophotonics, asymmetric imaging and visibility, all-optical signal processing and directional sensing.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0203
Giovanni Sartorello, Joshua Bocanegra, David Knez, Daniil M. Lukin, Joshua Yang, Jelena Vučković, Dmitry A. Fishman, Gennady Shvets, Maxim R. Shcherbakov
Nanophotonic structures have shown promising routes to controlling and enhancing nonlinear optical processes at the nanoscale. However, most nonlinear nanostructures require a handling substrate, reducing their application scope. Due to the underwhelming heat dissipation, it has been a challenge to evaluate the nonlinear optical properties of free-standing nanostructures. Here, we overcome this challenge by performing shot-controlled fifth harmonic generation (FHG) measurements on a SiC meta-membrane – a free-standing transmission metasurface with pronounced optical resonances in the mid-infrared (λres ≈ 4,000 nm). Back focal plane imaging of the FHG diffraction orders and rigorous finite-difference time-domain simulations reveal at least two orders of magnitude enhancement of the FHG from the meta-membrane, compared to the unstructured SiC film of the same thickness. Single-shot measurements of the meta-membrane with varying resonance positions reveal an unusual spectral behavior that we explain with Kerr-driven intensity-dependent resonance dynamics. This work paves the way for novel substrate-less nanophotonic architectures.
纳米光子结构为在纳米尺度上控制和增强非线性光学过程提供了前景广阔的途径。然而，大多数非线性纳米结构都需要处理基底，从而缩小了其应用范围。由于散热效果不佳，评估独立纳米结构的非线性光学特性一直是一项挑战。在这里，我们通过对碳化硅元膜（一种独立的透射元表面，在中红外（λ res ≈ 4,000 nm）具有明显的光学共振）进行射控五次谐波发生（FHG）测量来克服这一挑战。对 FHG 衍射阶次的后焦平面成像和严格的有限差分时域模拟显示，与相同厚度的非结构化 SiC 薄膜相比，元膜的 FHG 至少增强了两个数量级。对具有不同共振位置的元膜进行的单次测量揭示了一种不寻常的光谱行为，我们用 Kerr 驱动的强度相关共振动力学来解释这种行为。这项工作为新型无基底纳米光子结构铺平了道路。
{"title":"Nonlinear mid-infrared meta-membranes","authors":"Giovanni Sartorello, Joshua Bocanegra, David Knez, Daniil M. Lukin, Joshua Yang, Jelena Vučković, Dmitry A. Fishman, Gennady Shvets, Maxim R. Shcherbakov","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0203","url":null,"abstract":"Nanophotonic structures have shown promising routes to controlling and enhancing nonlinear optical processes at the nanoscale. However, most nonlinear nanostructures require a handling substrate, reducing their application scope. Due to the underwhelming heat dissipation, it has been a challenge to evaluate the nonlinear optical properties of free-standing nanostructures. Here, we overcome this challenge by performing shot-controlled fifth harmonic generation (FHG) measurements on a SiC meta-membrane – a free-standing transmission metasurface with pronounced optical resonances in the mid-infrared (<jats:italic>λ</jats:italic> <jats:sub>res</jats:sub> ≈ 4,000 nm). Back focal plane imaging of the FHG diffraction orders and rigorous finite-difference time-domain simulations reveal at least two orders of magnitude enhancement of the FHG from the meta-membrane, compared to the unstructured SiC film of the same thickness. Single-shot measurements of the meta-membrane with varying resonance positions reveal an unusual spectral behavior that we explain with Kerr-driven intensity-dependent resonance dynamics. This work paves the way for novel substrate-less nanophotonic architectures.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141755081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-order wave mixing in solid-state platforms gather increasing importance due to the development of advanced lasers and integrated photonic circuit for both classical and quantum information. However, the high-order wave mixing is generally inefficient in solids under weak pump. Here, we observed the presence of phase matching of five-wave mixing (5WM) propagating in a zinc oxide (ZnO) microwire. The 5WM signal is enhanced by 2–3 orders of magnitude under the phase matching conditions, reaching an absolute conversion efficiency of 1.7 × 10−13 when the peak pumping power density is about 106 W/cm2. The propagation of multiple nonlinear signals, including sum frequency generation, third harmonic generation, four-wave mixing etc., benefited from both the large nonlinear coefficients and the wide transparent window of ZnO, implies the possibility of developing cascaded nonlinear process under higher pumping. This study enriches the ZnO platform for integrated nonlinear nanophotonics.
{"title":"Phase-matched five-wave mixing in zinc oxide microwire","authors":"Kaibo Cui, Tianzhu Zhang, Tao Rao, Xianghui Zhang, Shunping Zhang, Hongxing Xu","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0129","url":null,"abstract":"High-order wave mixing in solid-state platforms gather increasing importance due to the development of advanced lasers and integrated photonic circuit for both classical and quantum information. However, the high-order wave mixing is generally inefficient in solids under weak pump. Here, we observed the presence of phase matching of five-wave mixing (5WM) propagating in a zinc oxide (ZnO) microwire. The 5WM signal is enhanced by 2–3 orders of magnitude under the phase matching conditions, reaching an absolute conversion efficiency of 1.7 × 10<jats:sup>−13</jats:sup> when the peak pumping power density is about 10<jats:sup>6</jats:sup> W/cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. The propagation of multiple nonlinear signals, including sum frequency generation, third harmonic generation, four-wave mixing etc., benefited from both the large nonlinear coefficients and the wide transparent window of ZnO, implies the possibility of developing cascaded nonlinear process under higher pumping. This study enriches the ZnO platform for integrated nonlinear nanophotonics.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141754931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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