Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01198-2
Takahiko Nakagawa, Richard J. Johnson
A recent Perspective1 on obesity pathogenesis examined the energy balance model and carbohydrate–insulin model, discussed risk factors for weight gain and also had a goal to “discuss the importance of purported causal factors for weight gain”. However, it overlooked the important role of fructose metabolism in obesity development. There is now a wealth of data that suggests that dietary fructose, or fructose endogenously produced from glucose, may have a role in obesity2. Indeed, there is evidence that fructose metabolism may play into the energy balance model by stimulating food intake and reducing resting energy metabolism by affecting brain and liver regulatory mechanisms3,4,5,6, and that it may also induce hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance that may account for many of the proposed effects of the carbohydrate–insulin model7,8. These findings suggest that fructose metabolism may provide a unifying pathway linking the carbohydrate–insulin and energy balance models9.
{"title":"Do not overlook the role of fructose in obesity","authors":"Takahiko Nakagawa, Richard J. Johnson","doi":"10.1038/s42255-024-01198-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-024-01198-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A recent Perspective<sup>1</sup> on obesity pathogenesis examined the energy balance model and carbohydrate–insulin model, discussed risk factors for weight gain and also had a goal to “discuss the importance of purported causal factors for weight gain”. However, it overlooked the important role of fructose metabolism in obesity development. There is now a wealth of data that suggests that dietary fructose, or fructose endogenously produced from glucose, may have a role in obesity<sup>2</sup>. Indeed, there is evidence that fructose metabolism may play into the energy balance model by stimulating food intake and reducing resting energy metabolism by affecting brain and liver regulatory mechanisms<sup>3,4,5,6</sup>, and that it may also induce hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance that may account for many of the proposed effects of the carbohydrate–insulin model<sup>7,8</sup>. These findings suggest that fructose metabolism may provide a unifying pathway linking the carbohydrate–insulin and energy balance models<sup>9</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":19038,"journal":{"name":"Nature metabolism","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exercise can rapidly increase core body temperature, and research has indicated that elevated internal body temperature can independently contribute to fatigue during physical activity. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for regulating thermogenesis in muscles during exercise have remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that cellular Feimin (cFeimin) enhances exercise performance by inhibiting muscle thermogenesis during physical activity. Mechanistically, we found that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylates cFeimin and facilitates its translocation into the cell nucleus during exercise. Within the nucleus, cFeimin binds to the forkhead transcription factor FOXC2, leading to the suppressed expression of sarcolipin (Sln), which is a key regulator of muscle thermogenesis. In addition, our results further reveal that short-term AMPK agonist treatments can enhance exercise performance through the activation of the AMPK–cFeimin signalling pathway. In summary, these results underscore the crucial role of cFeimin in enhancing exercise performance by modulating SLN-mediated thermogenesis.
{"title":"Cellular Feimin enhances exercise performance by suppressing muscle thermogenesis","authors":"Ying Peng, Liangjie Jia, Xiao Hu, Xiaoliu Shi, Xinlei Fang, Yifu Qiu, Zhenji Gan, Yiguo Wang","doi":"10.1038/s42255-024-01176-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-024-01176-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exercise can rapidly increase core body temperature, and research has indicated that elevated internal body temperature can independently contribute to fatigue during physical activity. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for regulating thermogenesis in muscles during exercise have remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that cellular Feimin (cFeimin) enhances exercise performance by inhibiting muscle thermogenesis during physical activity. Mechanistically, we found that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylates cFeimin and facilitates its translocation into the cell nucleus during exercise. Within the nucleus, cFeimin binds to the forkhead transcription factor FOXC2, leading to the suppressed expression of sarcolipin (<i>Sln</i>), which is a key regulator of muscle thermogenesis. In addition, our results further reveal that short-term AMPK agonist treatments can enhance exercise performance through the activation of the AMPK–cFeimin signalling pathway. In summary, these results underscore the crucial role of cFeimin in enhancing exercise performance by modulating SLN-mediated thermogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19038,"journal":{"name":"Nature metabolism","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maintaining blood glucose homeostasis during fasting and feeding is crucial for the prevention of dysregulation that can lead to either hypo- or hyperglycaemia. Here we identified feimin, encoded by a gene with a previously unknown function (B230219D22Rik in mice, C5orf24 in humans), as a key modulator of glucose homeostasis. Feimin is secreted from skeletal muscle during feeding and binds to its receptor, receptor protein tyrosine kinase Mer (MERTK), promoting glucose uptake and inhibiting glucose production by activation of AKT. Administration of feimin and insulin synergistically improves blood glucose homeostasis in both normal and diabetic mice. Notably, a specific single nucleotide polymorphism (rs7604639, G>A) within the MERTK gene, causing an amino acid substitution (R466K) within the feimin–MERTK binding region, leads to reduced association with feimin and elevated postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels in humans. Our findings underscore a role of the feimin–MERTK signalling axis in glucose homeostasis, providing valuable insights into potential therapeutic avenues for diabetes.
{"title":"A feeding-induced myokine modulates glucose homeostasis","authors":"Xiaoliu Shi, Xiao Hu, Xinlei Fang, Liangjie Jia, Fangchao Wei, Ying Peng, Menghao Liu, Aibo Gao, Ke Zhao, Fengyi Chen, Xiaoli Hu, Jie Hong, Guang Ning, Yongfeng Song, Jiqiu Wang, Yiguo Wang","doi":"10.1038/s42255-024-01175-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-024-01175-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maintaining blood glucose homeostasis during fasting and feeding is crucial for the prevention of dysregulation that can lead to either hypo- or hyperglycaemia. Here we identified feimin, encoded by a gene with a previously unknown function (<i>B230219D22Rik</i> in mice, <i>C5orf24</i> in humans), as a key modulator of glucose homeostasis. Feimin is secreted from skeletal muscle during feeding and binds to its receptor, receptor protein tyrosine kinase Mer (MERTK), promoting glucose uptake and inhibiting glucose production by activation of AKT. Administration of feimin and insulin synergistically improves blood glucose homeostasis in both normal and diabetic mice. Notably, a specific single nucleotide polymorphism (rs7604639, G>A) within the <i>MERTK</i> gene, causing an amino acid substitution (R466K) within the feimin–MERTK binding region, leads to reduced association with feimin and elevated postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels in humans. Our findings underscore a role of the feimin–MERTK signalling axis in glucose homeostasis, providing valuable insights into potential therapeutic avenues for diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19038,"journal":{"name":"Nature metabolism","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01173-x
João Victor Esteves, Kristin I. Stanford
Back-to-back studies present evidence that feimin, a myokine, regulates glucose homeostasis and exercise performance. The secretory and intracellular roles of feimin provide insights into potential therapies for metabolic disease as well as for improving exercise performance.
{"title":"The dual role of feimin in metabolism and exercise","authors":"João Victor Esteves, Kristin I. Stanford","doi":"10.1038/s42255-024-01173-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-024-01173-x","url":null,"abstract":"Back-to-back studies present evidence that feimin, a myokine, regulates glucose homeostasis and exercise performance. The secretory and intracellular roles of feimin provide insights into potential therapies for metabolic disease as well as for improving exercise performance.","PeriodicalId":19038,"journal":{"name":"Nature metabolism","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":20.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01160-2
Fiona M. Fitzpatrick, Nora Kory
A new study reveals that subcellular NAD+ pools are interconnected, with mitochondria acting as a buffer to maintain NAD+-dependent processes in overconsuming organelles, highlighting the critical role of mitochondria in NAD+ homeostasis.
{"title":"Guardians of the cell: mitochondria as a rheostat for cellular NAD+ levels","authors":"Fiona M. Fitzpatrick, Nora Kory","doi":"10.1038/s42255-024-01160-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42255-024-01160-2","url":null,"abstract":"A new study reveals that subcellular NAD+ pools are interconnected, with mitochondria acting as a buffer to maintain NAD+-dependent processes in overconsuming organelles, highlighting the critical role of mitochondria in NAD+ homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":19038,"journal":{"name":"Nature metabolism","volume":"6 12","pages":"2215-2217"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01174-w
Lena E. Høyland, Magali R. VanLinden, Marc Niere, Øyvind Strømland, Suraj Sharma, Jörn Dietze, Ingvill Tolås, Eva Lucena, Ersilia Bifulco, Lars J. Sverkeli, Camila Cimadamore-Werthein, Hanan Ashrafi, Kjellfrid F. Haukanes, Barbara van der Hoeven, Christian Dölle, Cédric Davidsen, Ina K. N. Pettersen, Karl J. Tronstad, Svein A. Mjøs, Faisal Hayat, Mikhail V. Makarov, Marie E. Migaud, Ines Heiland, Mathias Ziegler
The coenzyme NAD+ is consumed by signalling enzymes, including poly-ADP-ribosyltransferases (PARPs) and sirtuins. Ageing is associated with a decrease in cellular NAD+ levels, but how cells cope with persistently decreased NAD+ concentrations is unclear. Here, we show that subcellular NAD+ pools are interconnected, with mitochondria acting as a rheostat to maintain NAD+ levels upon excessive consumption. To evoke chronic, compartment-specific overconsumption of NAD+, we engineered cell lines stably expressing PARP activity in mitochondria, the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum or peroxisomes, resulting in a decline of cellular NAD+ concentrations by up to 50%. Isotope-tracer flux measurements and mathematical modelling show that the lowered NAD+ concentration kinetically restricts NAD+ consumption to maintain a balance with the NAD+ biosynthesis rate, which remains unchanged. Chronic NAD+ deficiency is well tolerated unless mitochondria are directly targeted. Mitochondria maintain NAD+ by import through SLC25A51 and reversibly cleave NAD+ to nicotinamide mononucleotide and ATP when NMNAT3 is present. Thus, these organelles can maintain an additional, virtual NAD+ pool. Our results are consistent with a well-tolerated ageing-related NAD+ decline as long as the vulnerable mitochondrial pool is not directly affected. By increasing NAD+ consumption in various organelles, mitochondria are revealed to act as buffers that help maintain subcellular NAD+ levels. At the same time, cells are found to be particularly sensitive to a decline in NAD+ levels originating from mitochondria themselves.
{"title":"Subcellular NAD+ pools are interconnected and buffered by mitochondrial NAD+","authors":"Lena E. Høyland, Magali R. VanLinden, Marc Niere, Øyvind Strømland, Suraj Sharma, Jörn Dietze, Ingvill Tolås, Eva Lucena, Ersilia Bifulco, Lars J. Sverkeli, Camila Cimadamore-Werthein, Hanan Ashrafi, Kjellfrid F. Haukanes, Barbara van der Hoeven, Christian Dölle, Cédric Davidsen, Ina K. N. Pettersen, Karl J. Tronstad, Svein A. Mjøs, Faisal Hayat, Mikhail V. Makarov, Marie E. Migaud, Ines Heiland, Mathias Ziegler","doi":"10.1038/s42255-024-01174-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42255-024-01174-w","url":null,"abstract":"The coenzyme NAD+ is consumed by signalling enzymes, including poly-ADP-ribosyltransferases (PARPs) and sirtuins. Ageing is associated with a decrease in cellular NAD+ levels, but how cells cope with persistently decreased NAD+ concentrations is unclear. Here, we show that subcellular NAD+ pools are interconnected, with mitochondria acting as a rheostat to maintain NAD+ levels upon excessive consumption. To evoke chronic, compartment-specific overconsumption of NAD+, we engineered cell lines stably expressing PARP activity in mitochondria, the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum or peroxisomes, resulting in a decline of cellular NAD+ concentrations by up to 50%. Isotope-tracer flux measurements and mathematical modelling show that the lowered NAD+ concentration kinetically restricts NAD+ consumption to maintain a balance with the NAD+ biosynthesis rate, which remains unchanged. Chronic NAD+ deficiency is well tolerated unless mitochondria are directly targeted. Mitochondria maintain NAD+ by import through SLC25A51 and reversibly cleave NAD+ to nicotinamide mononucleotide and ATP when NMNAT3 is present. Thus, these organelles can maintain an additional, virtual NAD+ pool. Our results are consistent with a well-tolerated ageing-related NAD+ decline as long as the vulnerable mitochondrial pool is not directly affected. By increasing NAD+ consumption in various organelles, mitochondria are revealed to act as buffers that help maintain subcellular NAD+ levels. At the same time, cells are found to be particularly sensitive to a decline in NAD+ levels originating from mitochondria themselves.","PeriodicalId":19038,"journal":{"name":"Nature metabolism","volume":"6 12","pages":"2319-2337"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01204-7
Shane M O'Carroll, Christian G Peace, Juliana E Toller-Kawahisa, Yukun Min, Alexander Hooftman, Sara Charki, Louise Kehoe, Maureen J O'Sullivan, Aline Zoller, Anne F Mcgettrick, Alessia Zotta, Emily A Day, Maria Simarro, Neali Armstrong, Justin P Annes, Luke A J O'Neill
{"title":"Author Correction: Itaconate drives mtRNA-mediated type I interferon production through inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase.","authors":"Shane M O'Carroll, Christian G Peace, Juliana E Toller-Kawahisa, Yukun Min, Alexander Hooftman, Sara Charki, Louise Kehoe, Maureen J O'Sullivan, Aline Zoller, Anne F Mcgettrick, Alessia Zotta, Emily A Day, Maria Simarro, Neali Armstrong, Justin P Annes, Luke A J O'Neill","doi":"10.1038/s42255-024-01204-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-024-01204-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19038,"journal":{"name":"Nature metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01172-y
Adam J. Sellers, Sten M. M. van Beek, Dzhansel Hashim, Rosalie Baak, Hannah Pallubinsky, Esther Moonen-Kornips, Gert Schaart, Anne Gemmink, Johanna A. Jörgensen, Tineke van de Weijer, Eric Kalkhoven, Guido J. Hooiveld, Sander Kersten, Matthijs K. C. Hesselink, Patrick Schrauwen, Joris Hoeks, Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt
Cold acclimation increases insulin sensitivity, and some level of muscle contraction appears to be needed for provoking this effect. Here 15 men and (postmenopausal) women with overweight or obesity, the majority of whom had impaired glucose tolerance, were intermittently exposed to cold to induce 1 h of shivering per day over 10 days. We determined the effect of cold acclimation with shivering on overnight fasted oral glucose tolerance (primary outcome) and on skeletal muscle glucose transporter 4 translocation (secondary outcome). We find that cold acclimation with shivering improves oral glucose tolerance, fasting glucose, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acid concentrations and blood pressure. Cold acclimation with shivering may thus represent an alternative lifestyle approach for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related metabolic disorders. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04516018 . Sellers, van Beek and colleagues show that intermittent cold exposure for 10 days, which induced 1 h of shivering per day, improves glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and blood pressure in adults with overweight or obesity.
{"title":"Cold acclimation with shivering improves metabolic health in adults with overweight or obesity","authors":"Adam J. Sellers, Sten M. M. van Beek, Dzhansel Hashim, Rosalie Baak, Hannah Pallubinsky, Esther Moonen-Kornips, Gert Schaart, Anne Gemmink, Johanna A. Jörgensen, Tineke van de Weijer, Eric Kalkhoven, Guido J. Hooiveld, Sander Kersten, Matthijs K. C. Hesselink, Patrick Schrauwen, Joris Hoeks, Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt","doi":"10.1038/s42255-024-01172-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42255-024-01172-y","url":null,"abstract":"Cold acclimation increases insulin sensitivity, and some level of muscle contraction appears to be needed for provoking this effect. Here 15 men and (postmenopausal) women with overweight or obesity, the majority of whom had impaired glucose tolerance, were intermittently exposed to cold to induce 1 h of shivering per day over 10 days. We determined the effect of cold acclimation with shivering on overnight fasted oral glucose tolerance (primary outcome) and on skeletal muscle glucose transporter 4 translocation (secondary outcome). We find that cold acclimation with shivering improves oral glucose tolerance, fasting glucose, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acid concentrations and blood pressure. Cold acclimation with shivering may thus represent an alternative lifestyle approach for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related metabolic disorders. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04516018 . Sellers, van Beek and colleagues show that intermittent cold exposure for 10 days, which induced 1 h of shivering per day, improves glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and blood pressure in adults with overweight or obesity.","PeriodicalId":19038,"journal":{"name":"Nature metabolism","volume":"6 12","pages":"2246-2253"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01147-z
Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo, Jose E. Galgani
This proof-of-concept study shows that 1 hour of cold exposure with shivering for 10 consecutive days improves glucose tolerance and other metabolic health outcomes in humans with overweight or obesity.
{"title":"Cold-induced shivering for metabolic health","authors":"Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo, Jose E. Galgani","doi":"10.1038/s42255-024-01147-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42255-024-01147-z","url":null,"abstract":"This proof-of-concept study shows that 1 hour of cold exposure with shivering for 10 consecutive days improves glucose tolerance and other metabolic health outcomes in humans with overweight or obesity.","PeriodicalId":19038,"journal":{"name":"Nature metabolism","volume":"6 12","pages":"2218-2219"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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