Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1038/s41928-024-01159-3
Hyungsoo Yoon, Sujin Jeong, Byeongmoon Lee, Yongtaek Hong
Microdevices can be integrated on conformable substrates to create high-performance and multifunctional human–machine interfaces. However, existing integration schemes often use unpatterned, thick and rigid adhesive layers that can increase the flexural rigidity and compromise mechanical compliance. Here we report the site-selective and anisotropically conductive integration of microdevices on conformable substrates. An adhesive precursor is selectively deposited on high-density arrays of microdevices using a velocity-controlled dip-transfer coating method. This technique suppresses capillary action and unwanted coating between devices, thereby minimizing the extent of bonding areas that degrade the inherent compliance of polymeric substrates. Ferromagnetic particles in the adhesives are magnetically self-assembled into well-defined anisotropic chains, resulting in a low contact resistance without electrical interference between fine-pitch terminals. We use the approach to additively integrate multiscale, die-level microdevices on various flexible and stretchable substrates. We show that it can be used to assemble microscale light-emitting diodes and a microcontroller die on a flexible circuit to create a skin-attachable device capable of detecting and displaying temperature. High-density device arrays can be integrated on flexible substrates using a dip-transfer coating method that suppresses adhesive layers from forming between closely spaced devices and uses magnetically self-assembled particles to increase the anisotropic conductivity.
{"title":"A site-selective integration strategy for microdevices on conformable substrates","authors":"Hyungsoo Yoon, Sujin Jeong, Byeongmoon Lee, Yongtaek Hong","doi":"10.1038/s41928-024-01159-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41928-024-01159-3","url":null,"abstract":"Microdevices can be integrated on conformable substrates to create high-performance and multifunctional human–machine interfaces. However, existing integration schemes often use unpatterned, thick and rigid adhesive layers that can increase the flexural rigidity and compromise mechanical compliance. Here we report the site-selective and anisotropically conductive integration of microdevices on conformable substrates. An adhesive precursor is selectively deposited on high-density arrays of microdevices using a velocity-controlled dip-transfer coating method. This technique suppresses capillary action and unwanted coating between devices, thereby minimizing the extent of bonding areas that degrade the inherent compliance of polymeric substrates. Ferromagnetic particles in the adhesives are magnetically self-assembled into well-defined anisotropic chains, resulting in a low contact resistance without electrical interference between fine-pitch terminals. We use the approach to additively integrate multiscale, die-level microdevices on various flexible and stretchable substrates. We show that it can be used to assemble microscale light-emitting diodes and a microcontroller die on a flexible circuit to create a skin-attachable device capable of detecting and displaying temperature. High-density device arrays can be integrated on flexible substrates using a dip-transfer coating method that suppresses adhesive layers from forming between closely spaced devices and uses magnetically self-assembled particles to increase the anisotropic conductivity.","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140632215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1038/s41928-024-01150-y
Abdulghani Ismail, Boya Radha
Nanofluidic memristors that rely on mechanical deformations to modulate ionic conductance can be coupled to form logic circuits, opening a route to ionic machinery that could implement neural networks.
{"title":"Mechano-ionic memristors for nanofluidic logic","authors":"Abdulghani Ismail, Boya Radha","doi":"10.1038/s41928-024-01150-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41928-024-01150-y","url":null,"abstract":"Nanofluidic memristors that rely on mechanical deformations to modulate ionic conductance can be coupled to form logic circuits, opening a route to ionic machinery that could implement neural networks.","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140632186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1038/s41928-024-01154-8
Vitaly Podzorov, Vladimir Bruevich
{"title":"Safe practices for mobility evaluation in field-effect transistors and Hall effect measurements using emerging materials","authors":"Vitaly Podzorov, Vladimir Bruevich","doi":"10.1038/s41928-024-01154-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41928-024-01154-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140604174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1038/s41928-024-01155-7
Ao Liu, Huihui Zhu, Yong-Young Noh
{"title":"Reply to: Safe practices for mobility evaluation in field-effect transistors and Hall effect measurements using emerging materials","authors":"Ao Liu, Huihui Zhu, Yong-Young Noh","doi":"10.1038/s41928-024-01155-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41928-024-01155-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140604097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1038/s41928-024-01156-6
Kajetan M. Fijalkowski, Nan Liu, Martin Klement, Steffen Schreyeck, Karl Brunner, Charles Gould, Laurens W. Molenkamp
The quantum anomalous Hall effect in magnetic topological insulators has potential for use in quantum resistance metrology applications. Electronic conductance is quantized to e2/h (where e is the elementary charge and h is the Planck constant) due to the effect, which persists down to zero external magnetic field and is compatible with the quantum standard of voltage. However, metrological applications of the quantum anomalous Hall effect are currently restricted by the need for low measurement currents and low temperatures. Here we report a measurement scheme that increases the robustness of a zero-magnetic-field quantum anomalous Hall resistor and extends its operating range to higher currents. In the scheme, we simultaneously inject current into two disconnected perimeters of a multi-terminal Corbino device, which is based on V0.1(Bi0.2Sb0.8)1.9Te3, to balance the electrochemical potential between the edges. This screens the electric field that drives backscattering through the bulk and thus improves the stability of the quantization at increased currents. Our approach could also be applied to existing quantum resistance standards that rely on the integer quantum Hall effect. A measurement scheme in which current is injected simultaneously into two disconnected perimeters of a multi-terminal Corbino device can be used to increase the robustness of a zero-magnetic-field quantum anomalous Hall resistor, thus extending its operating range to higher currents.
磁性拓扑绝缘体中的量子反常霍尔效应具有量子电阻计量应用的潜力。由于该效应，电子电导量子化为 e2/h（其中 e 为基本电荷，h 为普朗克常数），该效应在外部磁场为零时仍然存在，并且与量子电压标准兼容。然而，量子反常霍尔效应的计量应用目前受到低测量电流和低温需求的限制。在这里，我们报告了一种测量方案，它提高了零磁场量子反常霍尔电阻器的稳健性，并将其工作范围扩展到更大的电流。在该方案中，我们同时向基于 V0.1(Bi0.2Sb0.8)1.9Te3 的多端 Corbino 器件的两个断开边缘注入电流，以平衡边缘之间的电化学势。这就屏蔽了驱动通过块体反向散射的电场，从而提高了电流增大时量子化的稳定性。我们的方法也可应用于依赖整数量子霍尔效应的现有量子电阻标准。
{"title":"A balanced quantum Hall resistor","authors":"Kajetan M. Fijalkowski, Nan Liu, Martin Klement, Steffen Schreyeck, Karl Brunner, Charles Gould, Laurens W. Molenkamp","doi":"10.1038/s41928-024-01156-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41928-024-01156-6","url":null,"abstract":"The quantum anomalous Hall effect in magnetic topological insulators has potential for use in quantum resistance metrology applications. Electronic conductance is quantized to e2/h (where e is the elementary charge and h is the Planck constant) due to the effect, which persists down to zero external magnetic field and is compatible with the quantum standard of voltage. However, metrological applications of the quantum anomalous Hall effect are currently restricted by the need for low measurement currents and low temperatures. Here we report a measurement scheme that increases the robustness of a zero-magnetic-field quantum anomalous Hall resistor and extends its operating range to higher currents. In the scheme, we simultaneously inject current into two disconnected perimeters of a multi-terminal Corbino device, which is based on V0.1(Bi0.2Sb0.8)1.9Te3, to balance the electrochemical potential between the edges. This screens the electric field that drives backscattering through the bulk and thus improves the stability of the quantization at increased currents. Our approach could also be applied to existing quantum resistance standards that rely on the integer quantum Hall effect. A measurement scheme in which current is injected simultaneously into two disconnected perimeters of a multi-terminal Corbino device can be used to increase the robustness of a zero-magnetic-field quantum anomalous Hall resistor, thus extending its operating range to higher currents.","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":33.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41928-024-01156-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1038/s41928-024-01152-w
Dong Chan Kim, Hyojin Seung, Jisu Yoo, Junhee Kim, Hyeon Hwa Song, Ji Su Kim, Yunho Kim, Kyunghoon Lee, Changsoon Choi, Dongjun Jung, Chansul Park, Hyeonjun Heo, Jiwoong Yang, Taeghwan Hyeon, Moon Kee Choi, Dae-Hyeong Kim
Stretchable displays that can change their shape and size under strain could be used to create displays with unconventional form factors. However, intrinsically stretchable light-emitting devices have poor luminous performance, such as low brightness. Here we show that intrinsically stretchable quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) can be made using a mechanically soft and stretchable emissive layer consisting of a ternary nanocomposite of colloidal quantum dots, an elastomeric polymer and a charge transport polymer. The light-emitting layer maintains a nearly constant interparticle distance even under 50% strain, ensuring reliable operation of the QLED under stretching. The polymer-rich charge transport region at the bottom of the nanocomposite functions as a hole transport pathway to the embedded quantum dots. The QLEDs exhibit a turn-on voltage of 3.2 V and a maximum luminance of 15,170 cd m−2 at 6.2 V without loss of brightness, even when under 50% strain, and can be used to make stretchable full-colour passive-matrix QLED arrays. Using an intrinsically stretchable nanocomposite of quantum dots, an elastomer and a hole transport polymer as an emissive layer, stretchable light-emitting diodes can be fabricated that exhibit high brightness even under 50% strain.
可拉伸显示器可在应力作用下改变形状和大小，可用于制造具有非传统外形尺寸的显示器。然而，本征可拉伸发光器件的发光性能较差，例如亮度较低。在这里，我们展示了利用一种机械柔软且可拉伸的发光层（由胶体量子点、弹性聚合物和电荷传输聚合物组成的三元纳米复合材料构成）可以制造出本征可拉伸量子点发光二极管（QLED）。即使在 50％ 的应变下，发光层也能保持近乎恒定的粒子间距，从而确保 QLED 在拉伸条件下可靠运行。纳米复合材料底部富含聚合物的电荷传输区是通向嵌入式量子点的空穴传输通道。这种 QLED 的开启电压为 3.2 V，在 6.2 V 电压下的最大亮度为 15,170 cd m-2，即使在 50%应变下也不会降低亮度，可用于制造可拉伸的全彩无源矩阵 QLED 阵列。
{"title":"Intrinsically stretchable quantum dot light-emitting diodes","authors":"Dong Chan Kim, Hyojin Seung, Jisu Yoo, Junhee Kim, Hyeon Hwa Song, Ji Su Kim, Yunho Kim, Kyunghoon Lee, Changsoon Choi, Dongjun Jung, Chansul Park, Hyeonjun Heo, Jiwoong Yang, Taeghwan Hyeon, Moon Kee Choi, Dae-Hyeong Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41928-024-01152-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41928-024-01152-w","url":null,"abstract":"Stretchable displays that can change their shape and size under strain could be used to create displays with unconventional form factors. However, intrinsically stretchable light-emitting devices have poor luminous performance, such as low brightness. Here we show that intrinsically stretchable quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) can be made using a mechanically soft and stretchable emissive layer consisting of a ternary nanocomposite of colloidal quantum dots, an elastomeric polymer and a charge transport polymer. The light-emitting layer maintains a nearly constant interparticle distance even under 50% strain, ensuring reliable operation of the QLED under stretching. The polymer-rich charge transport region at the bottom of the nanocomposite functions as a hole transport pathway to the embedded quantum dots. The QLEDs exhibit a turn-on voltage of 3.2 V and a maximum luminance of 15,170 cd m−2 at 6.2 V without loss of brightness, even when under 50% strain, and can be used to make stretchable full-colour passive-matrix QLED arrays. Using an intrinsically stretchable nanocomposite of quantum dots, an elastomer and a hole transport polymer as an emissive layer, stretchable light-emitting diodes can be fabricated that exhibit high brightness even under 50% strain.","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1038/s41928-024-01151-x
Chunxiong Bao, Zhongcheng Yuan, Wenxiao Niu, Jie Yang, Zijian Wang, Tao Yu, Jianpu Wang, Feng Gao
Current display screens are typically only used for information display, but can have a range of different sensors integrated into them for functions such as touch control, ambient light sensing and fingerprint sensing. Photo-responsive light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which can display information and respond to light excitation, could be used to develop future ultra-thin and large screen-to-body ratio screens. However, photo-response is difficult to achieve with conventional display technologies. Here, we report a multifunctional display that uses photo-responsive metal halide perovskite LEDs as pixels. The perovskite LED display can be simultaneously used as a touch screen, ambient light sensor and image sensor (including for fingerprint drawing) without integrating any additional sensors. The light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the pixels also allow the display to act as a photovoltaic device that can charge the equipment. Photo-responsive metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes can be used to create a multifunctional display that can function as a touch screen, ambient light sensor and image sensor.
目前的显示屏幕通常只用于信息显示，但可以集成一系列不同的传感器，以实现触摸控制、环境光感应和指纹感应等功能。光响应发光二极管（LED）可以显示信息并对光激励做出响应，可用于开发未来的超薄和大屏幕与机身比例屏幕。然而，传统的显示技术很难实现光响应。在此，我们报告了一种使用光响应金属卤化物包晶 LED 作为像素的多功能显示屏。这种过氧化物 LED 显示屏可同时用作触摸屏、环境光传感器和图像传感器（包括指纹绘制），而无需集成任何其他传感器。像素的光电转换效率还可使显示屏充当光伏设备，为设备充电。
{"title":"A multifunctional display based on photo-responsive perovskite light-emitting diodes","authors":"Chunxiong Bao, Zhongcheng Yuan, Wenxiao Niu, Jie Yang, Zijian Wang, Tao Yu, Jianpu Wang, Feng Gao","doi":"10.1038/s41928-024-01151-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41928-024-01151-x","url":null,"abstract":"Current display screens are typically only used for information display, but can have a range of different sensors integrated into them for functions such as touch control, ambient light sensing and fingerprint sensing. Photo-responsive light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which can display information and respond to light excitation, could be used to develop future ultra-thin and large screen-to-body ratio screens. However, photo-response is difficult to achieve with conventional display technologies. Here, we report a multifunctional display that uses photo-responsive metal halide perovskite LEDs as pixels. The perovskite LED display can be simultaneously used as a touch screen, ambient light sensor and image sensor (including for fingerprint drawing) without integrating any additional sensors. The light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the pixels also allow the display to act as a photovoltaic device that can charge the equipment. Photo-responsive metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes can be used to create a multifunctional display that can function as a touch screen, ambient light sensor and image sensor.","PeriodicalId":19064,"journal":{"name":"Nature Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41928-024-01151-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140541754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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