Yazhi Zheng, H. Nakagawa, Y. Sago, H. Nagashima, H. Okadome, M. Kushiro
{"title":"Extraction of a Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone in edible oils","authors":"Yazhi Zheng, H. Nakagawa, Y. Sago, H. Nagashima, H. Okadome, M. Kushiro","doi":"10.2520/MYCO.64.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2520/MYCO.64.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19069,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxins","volume":"24 1","pages":"23-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81527532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naoki Kato, Masafumi Tokuoka, Yasutomo Shinohara, Y. Koyama, H. Osada
. Aspergillus oryzae is a fungus widely used in traditional Japanese fermentation industries. Its inability to produce mycotoxins, due to mutation or transcriptional repression of genes responsible for their biosynthesis, is consistent with the hypothesis that A . oryzae is a domesticated species derived from A . flavus , a wild species that is a well-known producer of aflatoxin. This review highlights genetic bases for a difference in secondary metabolite production in two closely related species, some of which serve as safeguards against mycotoxin production in A . oryzae . In the course of the analysis of the cyclopiazonic acid biosynthetic gene cluster in A . oryzae , we found another genetic safeguard to ensure the safety of A . oryzae . The cpa cluster in A . oryzae contains genes that have been lost in A . flavus , one of which, cpaH , mediates the conversion of cyclopiazonic acid into the less toxic 2 -oxo-cyclopiazonic acid. The detoxi-fying property of cpaH reflects the relationship of the two species.
{"title":"Genetic safeguard against mycotoxin production and cyclopiazonic acid biosynthesis in Aspergillus oryzae","authors":"Naoki Kato, Masafumi Tokuoka, Yasutomo Shinohara, Y. Koyama, H. Osada","doi":"10.2520/MYCO.64.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2520/MYCO.64.197","url":null,"abstract":". Aspergillus oryzae is a fungus widely used in traditional Japanese fermentation industries. Its inability to produce mycotoxins, due to mutation or transcriptional repression of genes responsible for their biosynthesis, is consistent with the hypothesis that A . oryzae is a domesticated species derived from A . flavus , a wild species that is a well-known producer of aflatoxin. This review highlights genetic bases for a difference in secondary metabolite production in two closely related species, some of which serve as safeguards against mycotoxin production in A . oryzae . In the course of the analysis of the cyclopiazonic acid biosynthetic gene cluster in A . oryzae , we found another genetic safeguard to ensure the safety of A . oryzae . The cpa cluster in A . oryzae contains genes that have been lost in A . flavus , one of which, cpaH , mediates the conversion of cyclopiazonic acid into the less toxic 2 -oxo-cyclopiazonic acid. The detoxi-fying property of cpaH reflects the relationship of the two species.","PeriodicalId":19069,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxins","volume":"142 1","pages":"197-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89695397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hisako Sakuma, Y. Sugita‐Konishi, Toshitsugu Tanaka, T. Nagayama, S. Naito, M. Horie, E. Ishikuro, M. Nakajima, T. Yoshinari, H. Kawakami
A method to determine aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels by using an immunoaffinity column-based clean-up procedure and HPLC with fluorescence detection was validated by an inter-laboratory study among ten laboratories in Japan. Using the validated method, we surveyed AFM1 contamination in powdered formula. Samples for validation included a blank, three levels (blind pairs) of AFM1 spiked into liquid milk, naturally contaminated liquid milk, and naturally contaminated powdered formula. All samples were frozen and sent to the ten participating laboratories. For the liquid milk spiked at 1.0, 0.5, and 0.05 μg/kg levels, recoveries were 89.9, 91.6, and 88.2%, respectively. The repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) and reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) were less than 7.4 and 8.1%, respectively. The recovery, RSDr, and RSDR of the powdered formula were 94.5, 8.9, and 11.9%, respectively. The RSDr and RSDR of the naturally contaminated milk were 13.3 and 20.9%, respectively. The Horwitz ratio (HorRat) values of all six samples were less than 1.0. For surveillance, 108 commercial powdered formulae were obtained in Japan. The average value of AFM1 in the powdered formulae was 0 .002 μg/L, as ready-for-infant liquid milk (14 g powdered formula in 100 mL water). The highest contamination was 0.025 μg/L.
{"title":"Determination of aflatoxin M1 in powdered formula: an inter-laboratory study and the surveillance in Japan","authors":"Hisako Sakuma, Y. Sugita‐Konishi, Toshitsugu Tanaka, T. Nagayama, S. Naito, M. Horie, E. Ishikuro, M. Nakajima, T. Yoshinari, H. Kawakami","doi":"10.2520/MYCO.64.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2520/MYCO.64.15","url":null,"abstract":"A method to determine aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels by using an immunoaffinity column-based clean-up procedure and HPLC with fluorescence detection was validated by an inter-laboratory study among ten laboratories in Japan. Using the validated method, we surveyed AFM1 contamination in powdered formula. Samples for validation included a blank, three levels (blind pairs) of AFM1 spiked into liquid milk, naturally contaminated liquid milk, and naturally contaminated powdered formula. All samples were frozen and sent to the ten participating laboratories. For the liquid milk spiked at 1.0, 0.5, and 0.05 μg/kg levels, recoveries were 89.9, 91.6, and 88.2%, respectively. The repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) and reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) were less than 7.4 and 8.1%, respectively. The recovery, RSDr, and RSDR of the powdered formula were 94.5, 8.9, and 11.9%, respectively. The RSDr and RSDR of the naturally contaminated milk were 13.3 and 20.9%, respectively. The Horwitz ratio (HorRat) values of all six samples were less than 1.0. For surveillance, 108 commercial powdered formulae were obtained in Japan. The average value of AFM1 in the powdered formulae was 0 .002 μg/L, as ready-for-infant liquid milk (14 g powdered formula in 100 mL water). The highest contamination was 0.025 μg/L.","PeriodicalId":19069,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxins","volume":"5 1","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90532293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Kawasaki, Naomi Adachi, Isamu Tamura, T. Komeno, N. Iida, H. Akiyama, A. Sugiyama, F. Tashiro
{"title":"Implication of histone H10-derived 17-kDa DNase in tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in aflatoxin B1-elicited rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells","authors":"Y. Kawasaki, Naomi Adachi, Isamu Tamura, T. Komeno, N. Iida, H. Akiyama, A. Sugiyama, F. Tashiro","doi":"10.2520/MYCO.64.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2520/MYCO.64.117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19069,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxins","volume":"32 1","pages":"117-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89314225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazuyuki Maeda, Y. Nakajima, Hinayo Ichikawa, Y. Kitou, T. Kosaki, Tamio Saito, T. Motoyama, H. Osada, Tetsuo Kobayashi, M. Kimura
Novel bioactive substances that regulate trichothecene production are in great demand both as tools for basic research and as control agents for reduction of mycotoxin contamination. Using compounds from the RIKEN Natural Product Depository (NPDepo) library, we are now screening for activators and inhibitors of trichothecene production. In this symposium, we describe the outlines of our recent progress on the regulation mechanisms of trichothecene production.
{"title":"Basic research of the regulation mechanisms of trichothecene production for reduction of the mycotoxin contamination","authors":"Kazuyuki Maeda, Y. Nakajima, Hinayo Ichikawa, Y. Kitou, T. Kosaki, Tamio Saito, T. Motoyama, H. Osada, Tetsuo Kobayashi, M. Kimura","doi":"10.2520/MYCO.64.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2520/MYCO.64.69","url":null,"abstract":"Novel bioactive substances that regulate trichothecene production are in great demand both as tools for basic research and as control agents for reduction of mycotoxin contamination. Using compounds from the RIKEN Natural Product Depository (NPDepo) library, we are now screening for activators and inhibitors of trichothecene production. In this symposium, we describe the outlines of our recent progress on the regulation mechanisms of trichothecene production.","PeriodicalId":19069,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxins","volume":"6 1","pages":"69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79183267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanisms of transcriptional activation of the cellulase genes in filamentous fungi","authors":"Emi Kunitake, S. Tani, J. Sumitani, T. Kawaguchi","doi":"10.2520/MYCO.64.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2520/MYCO.64.45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19069,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxins","volume":"12 28","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91508412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elucidation of indole-diterpene mycotoxin biosynthetic pathways and identification of terpendole E as a key biosynthetic intermediate","authors":"T. Motoyama, M. Ueki, H. Osada","doi":"10.2520/MYCO.64.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2520/MYCO.64.75","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19069,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxins","volume":"90 1","pages":"75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78409905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methods of analysis for aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products","authors":"M. Nakajima, M. Taniguchi","doi":"10.2520/MYCO.64.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2520/MYCO.64.167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19069,"journal":{"name":"Mycotoxins","volume":"14 1","pages":"167-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79929611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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