Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01646-1
Chao-Jie Ye, Li-Jie Kong, Yi-Ying Wang, Chun Dou, Jie Zheng, Min Xu, Yu Xu, Mian Li, Zhi-Yun Zhao, Jie-Li Lu, Yu-Hong Chen, Guang Ning, Wei-Qing Wang, Yu-Fang Bi, Tian-Ge Wang
Human longevity correlates with socio-economic status, and there is evidence that educational attainment increases human lifespan. However, to inform meaningful health policies, we need fine-grained causal evidence on which dimensions of socio-economic status affect longevity and the mediating roles of modifiable factors such as lifestyle and disease. Here we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses applying genetic instruments of education, income and occupation (n = 248,847 to 1,131,881) to estimate their causal effects and consequences on parental lifespan and self-longevity (n = 28,967 to 1,012,240) from the largest available genome-wide association studies in populations of European ancestry. Each 4.20 years of additional educational attainment were causally associated with a 3.23-year-longer parental lifespan independently of income and occupation and were causally associated with 30–59% higher odds of self-longevity, suggesting that education was the primary determinant. By contrast, each one-standard-deviation-higher income and one-point-higher occupation was causally associated with 3.06-year-longer and 1.29-year-longer parental lifespans, respectively, but not independently of the other socio-economic indicators. We found no evidence for causal effects of income or occupation on self-longevity. Mediation analyses conducted in predominantly European-descent individuals through two-step Mendelian randomization suggested that among 59 candidates, cigarettes per day, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes, heart failure and lung cancer individually played substantial mediating roles (proportion mediated, >10%) in the effect of education on specific longevity outcomes. These findings inform interventions for remediating longevity disparities attributable to socio-economic inequality. The authors used Mendelian randomization to investigate how various dimensions of socio-economic status causally affect longevity. They found a positive independent causal effect of education on longevity but no evidence for independent effects from income or occupation.
{"title":"Mendelian randomization evidence for the causal effects of socio-economic inequality on human longevity among Europeans","authors":"Chao-Jie Ye, Li-Jie Kong, Yi-Ying Wang, Chun Dou, Jie Zheng, Min Xu, Yu Xu, Mian Li, Zhi-Yun Zhao, Jie-Li Lu, Yu-Hong Chen, Guang Ning, Wei-Qing Wang, Yu-Fang Bi, Tian-Ge Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01646-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01646-1","url":null,"abstract":"Human longevity correlates with socio-economic status, and there is evidence that educational attainment increases human lifespan. However, to inform meaningful health policies, we need fine-grained causal evidence on which dimensions of socio-economic status affect longevity and the mediating roles of modifiable factors such as lifestyle and disease. Here we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses applying genetic instruments of education, income and occupation (n = 248,847 to 1,131,881) to estimate their causal effects and consequences on parental lifespan and self-longevity (n = 28,967 to 1,012,240) from the largest available genome-wide association studies in populations of European ancestry. Each 4.20 years of additional educational attainment were causally associated with a 3.23-year-longer parental lifespan independently of income and occupation and were causally associated with 30–59% higher odds of self-longevity, suggesting that education was the primary determinant. By contrast, each one-standard-deviation-higher income and one-point-higher occupation was causally associated with 3.06-year-longer and 1.29-year-longer parental lifespans, respectively, but not independently of the other socio-economic indicators. We found no evidence for causal effects of income or occupation on self-longevity. Mediation analyses conducted in predominantly European-descent individuals through two-step Mendelian randomization suggested that among 59 candidates, cigarettes per day, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes, heart failure and lung cancer individually played substantial mediating roles (proportion mediated, >10%) in the effect of education on specific longevity outcomes. These findings inform interventions for remediating longevity disparities attributable to socio-economic inequality. The authors used Mendelian randomization to investigate how various dimensions of socio-economic status causally affect longevity. They found a positive independent causal effect of education on longevity but no evidence for independent effects from income or occupation.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 8","pages":"1357-1370"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10112306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01641-6
Antonio A. Arechar, Jennifer Allen, Adam J. Berinsky, Rocky Cole, Ziv Epstein, Kiran Garimella, Andrew Gully, Jackson G. Lu, Robert M. Ross, Michael N. Stagnaro, Yunhao Zhang, Gordon Pennycook, David G. Rand
The spread of misinformation online is a global problem that requires global solutions. To that end, we conducted an experiment in 16 countries across 6 continents (N = 34,286; 676,605 observations) to investigate predictors of susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19, and interventions to combat the spread of this misinformation. In every country, participants with a more analytic cognitive style and stronger accuracy-related motivations were better at discerning truth from falsehood; valuing democracy was also associated with greater truth discernment, whereas endorsement of individual responsibility over government support was negatively associated with truth discernment in most countries. Subtly prompting people to think about accuracy had a generally positive effect on the veracity of news that people were willing to share across countries, as did minimal digital literacy tips. Finally, aggregating the ratings of our non-expert participants was able to differentiate true from false headlines with high accuracy in all countries via the ‘wisdom of crowds’. The consistent patterns we observe suggest that the psychological factors underlying the misinformation challenge are similar across different regional settings, and that similar solutions may be broadly effective. Across 16 countries, this research finds consistent cognitive and social predictors of COVID-19 misinformation susceptibility, and shows how accuracy prompts and literacy tips reduce misinformation sharing and how wisdom of crowds can identify false claims cross-culturally.
{"title":"Understanding and combatting misinformation across 16 countries on six continents","authors":"Antonio A. Arechar, Jennifer Allen, Adam J. Berinsky, Rocky Cole, Ziv Epstein, Kiran Garimella, Andrew Gully, Jackson G. Lu, Robert M. Ross, Michael N. Stagnaro, Yunhao Zhang, Gordon Pennycook, David G. Rand","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01641-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01641-6","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of misinformation online is a global problem that requires global solutions. To that end, we conducted an experiment in 16 countries across 6 continents (N = 34,286; 676,605 observations) to investigate predictors of susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19, and interventions to combat the spread of this misinformation. In every country, participants with a more analytic cognitive style and stronger accuracy-related motivations were better at discerning truth from falsehood; valuing democracy was also associated with greater truth discernment, whereas endorsement of individual responsibility over government support was negatively associated with truth discernment in most countries. Subtly prompting people to think about accuracy had a generally positive effect on the veracity of news that people were willing to share across countries, as did minimal digital literacy tips. Finally, aggregating the ratings of our non-expert participants was able to differentiate true from false headlines with high accuracy in all countries via the ‘wisdom of crowds’. The consistent patterns we observe suggest that the psychological factors underlying the misinformation challenge are similar across different regional settings, and that similar solutions may be broadly effective. Across 16 countries, this research finds consistent cognitive and social predictors of COVID-19 misinformation susceptibility, and shows how accuracy prompts and literacy tips reduce misinformation sharing and how wisdom of crowds can identify false claims cross-culturally.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 9","pages":"1502-1513"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01647-0
Gregory Kiar, Jon Clucas, Eric Feczko, Mathias Goncalves, Dorota Jarecka, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Yaroslav O. Halchenko, Robert Hermosillo, Xinhui Li, Oscar Miranda-Dominguez, Satrajit Ghosh, Russell A. Poldrack, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Michael P. Milham, Damien Fair
{"title":"Align with the NMIND consortium for better neuroimaging","authors":"Gregory Kiar, Jon Clucas, Eric Feczko, Mathias Goncalves, Dorota Jarecka, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Yaroslav O. Halchenko, Robert Hermosillo, Xinhui Li, Oscar Miranda-Dominguez, Satrajit Ghosh, Russell A. Poldrack, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Michael P. Milham, Damien Fair","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01647-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01647-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 7","pages":"1027-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9965988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01618-5
Jasmin Wertz, Terrie E. Moffitt, Louise Arseneault, J. C. Barnes, Michel Boivin, David L. Corcoran, Andrea Danese, Robert J. Hancox, HonaLee Harrington, Renate M. Houts, Stephanie Langevin, Hexuan Liu, Richie Poulton, Karen Sugden, Peter T. Tanksley, Benjamin S. Williams, Avshalom Caspi
Genetic inheritance is not the only way parents’ genes may affect children. It is also possible that parents’ genes are associated with investments into children’s development. We examined evidence for links between parental genetics and parental investments, from the prenatal period through to adulthood, using data from six population-based cohorts in the UK, US and New Zealand, together totalling 36,566 parents. Our findings revealed associations between parental genetics—summarized in a genome-wide polygenic score—and parental behaviour across development, from smoking in pregnancy, breastfeeding in infancy, parenting in childhood and adolescence, to leaving a wealth inheritance to adult children. Effect sizes tended to be small at any given time point, ranging from RR = 1.12 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.09, 1.15) to RR = 0.76 (95%CI 0.72, 0.80) during the prenatal period and infancy; β = 0.07 (95%CI 0.04, 0.11) to β = 0.29 (95%CI 0.27, 0.32) in childhood and adolescence, and RR = 1.04 (95%CI 1.01, 1.06) to RR = 1.11 (95%CI 1.07, 1.15) in adulthood. There was evidence for accumulating effects across development, ranging from β = 0.15 (95%CI 0.11, 0.18) to β = 0.23 (95%CI 0.16, 0.29) depending on cohort. Our findings are consistent with the interpretation that parents pass on advantages to offspring not only via direct genetic transmission or purely environmental paths, but also via genetic associations with parental investment from conception to wealth inheritance. A study in 36,516 parents across six international cohorts reveals that parental genetic effects are associated with the investments that parents make in their offspring, from adopting more healthy behaviours during pregnancy to leaving wealth to adult children.
{"title":"Genetic associations with parental investment from conception to wealth inheritance in six cohorts","authors":"Jasmin Wertz, Terrie E. Moffitt, Louise Arseneault, J. C. Barnes, Michel Boivin, David L. Corcoran, Andrea Danese, Robert J. Hancox, HonaLee Harrington, Renate M. Houts, Stephanie Langevin, Hexuan Liu, Richie Poulton, Karen Sugden, Peter T. Tanksley, Benjamin S. Williams, Avshalom Caspi","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01618-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01618-5","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic inheritance is not the only way parents’ genes may affect children. It is also possible that parents’ genes are associated with investments into children’s development. We examined evidence for links between parental genetics and parental investments, from the prenatal period through to adulthood, using data from six population-based cohorts in the UK, US and New Zealand, together totalling 36,566 parents. Our findings revealed associations between parental genetics—summarized in a genome-wide polygenic score—and parental behaviour across development, from smoking in pregnancy, breastfeeding in infancy, parenting in childhood and adolescence, to leaving a wealth inheritance to adult children. Effect sizes tended to be small at any given time point, ranging from RR = 1.12 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.09, 1.15) to RR = 0.76 (95%CI 0.72, 0.80) during the prenatal period and infancy; β = 0.07 (95%CI 0.04, 0.11) to β = 0.29 (95%CI 0.27, 0.32) in childhood and adolescence, and RR = 1.04 (95%CI 1.01, 1.06) to RR = 1.11 (95%CI 1.07, 1.15) in adulthood. There was evidence for accumulating effects across development, ranging from β = 0.15 (95%CI 0.11, 0.18) to β = 0.23 (95%CI 0.16, 0.29) depending on cohort. Our findings are consistent with the interpretation that parents pass on advantages to offspring not only via direct genetic transmission or purely environmental paths, but also via genetic associations with parental investment from conception to wealth inheritance. A study in 36,516 parents across six international cohorts reveals that parental genetic effects are associated with the investments that parents make in their offspring, from adopting more healthy behaviours during pregnancy to leaving wealth to adult children.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 8","pages":"1388-1401"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10444618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10474391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01642-5
Shu Liu, Abdel Abdellaoui, Karin J. H. Verweij, Guido A. van Wingen
Numerous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural basis of interindividual differences but the replicability of brain–phenotype associations remains largely unknown. We used the UK Biobank neuroimaging dataset (N = 37,447) to examine associations with six variables related to physical and mental health: age, body mass index, intelligence, memory, neuroticism and alcohol consumption, and assessed the improvement of replicability for brain–phenotype associations with increasing sampling sizes. Age may require only 300 individuals to provide highly replicable associations but other phenotypes required 1,500 to 3,900 individuals. The required sample size showed a negative power law relation with the estimated effect size. When only comparing the upper and lower quarters, the minimally required sample sizes for imaging decreased by 15–75%. Our findings demonstrate that large-scale neuroimaging data are required for replicable brain–phenotype associations, that this can be mitigated by preselection of individuals and that small-scale studies may have reported false positive findings. Using data from the UK Biobank, the authors show that large-scale neuroimaging data are required for replicable brain–phenotype associations, that this can be mitigated by preselection of individuals and that small-scale studies may have reported false positive findings.
{"title":"Replicable brain–phenotype associations require large-scale neuroimaging data","authors":"Shu Liu, Abdel Abdellaoui, Karin J. H. Verweij, Guido A. van Wingen","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01642-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01642-5","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural basis of interindividual differences but the replicability of brain–phenotype associations remains largely unknown. We used the UK Biobank neuroimaging dataset (N = 37,447) to examine associations with six variables related to physical and mental health: age, body mass index, intelligence, memory, neuroticism and alcohol consumption, and assessed the improvement of replicability for brain–phenotype associations with increasing sampling sizes. Age may require only 300 individuals to provide highly replicable associations but other phenotypes required 1,500 to 3,900 individuals. The required sample size showed a negative power law relation with the estimated effect size. When only comparing the upper and lower quarters, the minimally required sample sizes for imaging decreased by 15–75%. Our findings demonstrate that large-scale neuroimaging data are required for replicable brain–phenotype associations, that this can be mitigated by preselection of individuals and that small-scale studies may have reported false positive findings. Using data from the UK Biobank, the authors show that large-scale neuroimaging data are required for replicable brain–phenotype associations, that this can be mitigated by preselection of individuals and that small-scale studies may have reported false positive findings.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 8","pages":"1344-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10112300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01636-3
Guido Alfani, Alfonso Carballo
Today, Latin American countries are characterized by relatively high levels of economic inequality. This circumstance has often been considered a long-run consequence of the Spanish conquest and of the highly extractive institutions imposed by the colonizers. Here we show that, in the case of the Aztec Empire, high inequality predates the Spanish conquest, also known as the Spanish–Aztec War. We reach this conclusion by estimating levels of income inequality and of imperial extraction across the empire. We find that the richest 1% earned 41.8% of the total income, while the income share of the poorest 50% was just 23.3%. We also argue that those provinces that had resisted the Aztec expansion suffered from relatively harsh conditions, including higher taxes, in the context of the imperial system—and were the first to rebel, allying themselves with the Spaniards. Existing literature suggests that after the Spanish conquest, the colonial elites inherited pre-existing extractive institutions and added additional layers of social and economic inequality. A new estimate of the income distribution in the Aztec Empire on the eve of the Spanish conquest suggests that inequality was high before the arrival of the Europeans: the richest 1% held 41.8% of the total income.
{"title":"Income and inequality in the Aztec Empire on the eve of the Spanish conquest","authors":"Guido Alfani, Alfonso Carballo","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01636-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01636-3","url":null,"abstract":"Today, Latin American countries are characterized by relatively high levels of economic inequality. This circumstance has often been considered a long-run consequence of the Spanish conquest and of the highly extractive institutions imposed by the colonizers. Here we show that, in the case of the Aztec Empire, high inequality predates the Spanish conquest, also known as the Spanish–Aztec War. We reach this conclusion by estimating levels of income inequality and of imperial extraction across the empire. We find that the richest 1% earned 41.8% of the total income, while the income share of the poorest 50% was just 23.3%. We also argue that those provinces that had resisted the Aztec expansion suffered from relatively harsh conditions, including higher taxes, in the context of the imperial system—and were the first to rebel, allying themselves with the Spaniards. Existing literature suggests that after the Spanish conquest, the colonial elites inherited pre-existing extractive institutions and added additional layers of social and economic inequality. A new estimate of the income distribution in the Aztec Empire on the eve of the Spanish conquest suggests that inequality was high before the arrival of the Europeans: the richest 1% held 41.8% of the total income.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 8","pages":"1265-1274"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10091477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-26DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01630-9
Guy Hindley, Alexey A. Shadrin, Dennis van der Meer, Nadine Parker, Weiqiu Cheng, Kevin S. O’Connell, Shahram Bahrami, Aihua Lin, Naz Karadag, Børge Holen, Thomas Bjella, Ian J. Deary, Gail Davies, W. David Hill, Jan Bressler, Sudha Seshadri, Chun Chieh Fan, Torill Ueland, Srdjan Djurovic, Olav B. Smeland, Oleksandr Frei, Anders M. Dale, Ole A. Andreassen
Personality and cognitive function are heritable mental traits whose genetic foundations may be distributed across interconnected brain functions. Previous studies have typically treated these complex mental traits as distinct constructs. We applied the ‘pleiotropy-informed’ multivariate omnibus statistical test to genome-wide association studies of 35 measures of neuroticism and cognitive function from the UK Biobank (n = 336,993). We identified 431 significantly associated genetic loci with evidence of abundant shared genetic associations, across personality and cognitive function domains. Functional characterization implicated genes with significant tissue-specific expression in all tested brain tissues and brain-specific gene sets. We conditioned independent genome-wide association studies of the Big 5 personality traits and cognitive function on our multivariate findings, boosting genetic discovery in other personality traits and improving polygenic prediction. These findings advance our understanding of the polygenic architecture of these complex mental traits, indicating a prominence of pleiotropic genetic effects across higher order domains of mental function such as personality and cognitive function. Hindley et al. used multivariate statistical genetics tools to examine the genetic underpinnings of cognitive and personality traits and find they are shared across higher order domains of mental functioning.
{"title":"Multivariate genetic analysis of personality and cognitive traits reveals abundant pleiotropy","authors":"Guy Hindley, Alexey A. Shadrin, Dennis van der Meer, Nadine Parker, Weiqiu Cheng, Kevin S. O’Connell, Shahram Bahrami, Aihua Lin, Naz Karadag, Børge Holen, Thomas Bjella, Ian J. Deary, Gail Davies, W. David Hill, Jan Bressler, Sudha Seshadri, Chun Chieh Fan, Torill Ueland, Srdjan Djurovic, Olav B. Smeland, Oleksandr Frei, Anders M. Dale, Ole A. Andreassen","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01630-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01630-9","url":null,"abstract":"Personality and cognitive function are heritable mental traits whose genetic foundations may be distributed across interconnected brain functions. Previous studies have typically treated these complex mental traits as distinct constructs. We applied the ‘pleiotropy-informed’ multivariate omnibus statistical test to genome-wide association studies of 35 measures of neuroticism and cognitive function from the UK Biobank (n = 336,993). We identified 431 significantly associated genetic loci with evidence of abundant shared genetic associations, across personality and cognitive function domains. Functional characterization implicated genes with significant tissue-specific expression in all tested brain tissues and brain-specific gene sets. We conditioned independent genome-wide association studies of the Big 5 personality traits and cognitive function on our multivariate findings, boosting genetic discovery in other personality traits and improving polygenic prediction. These findings advance our understanding of the polygenic architecture of these complex mental traits, indicating a prominence of pleiotropic genetic effects across higher order domains of mental function such as personality and cognitive function. Hindley et al. used multivariate statistical genetics tools to examine the genetic underpinnings of cognitive and personality traits and find they are shared across higher order domains of mental functioning.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 9","pages":"1584-1600"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10091478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01649-y
Finn Luebber, Sören Krach, Marina Martinez Mateo, Frieder M. Paulus, Lena Rademacher, Rima-Maria Rahal, Jule Specht
Research funding determines the course of science and thus shapes future knowledge. However, funding allocation is inherently biased, non-optimal and costly. We present a Shiny app that simulates the effects of funding scenarios on costs, diversity and quality. We advocate a lottery at the beginning to promote inclusion.
{"title":"Rethink funding by putting the lottery first","authors":"Finn Luebber, Sören Krach, Marina Martinez Mateo, Frieder M. Paulus, Lena Rademacher, Rima-Maria Rahal, Jule Specht","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01649-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01649-y","url":null,"abstract":"Research funding determines the course of science and thus shapes future knowledge. However, funding allocation is inherently biased, non-optimal and costly. We present a Shiny app that simulates the effects of funding scenarios on costs, diversity and quality. We advocate a lottery at the beginning to promote inclusion.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 7","pages":"1031-1033"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10287925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01652-3
Ryosuke Nakadai, Yo Nakawake, Shota Shibasaki
{"title":"AI language tools risk scientific diversity and innovation","authors":"Ryosuke Nakadai, Yo Nakawake, Shota Shibasaki","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01652-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01652-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 11","pages":"1804-1805"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9676002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01617-6
Fan Wang, Yu Gao, Zhen Han, Yue Yu, Zhiping Long, Xianchen Jiang, Yi Wu, Bing Pei, Yukun Cao, Jingyu Ye, Maoqing Wang, Yashuang Zhao
The associations between social isolation, loneliness and the risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are controversial. We systematically reviewed prospective studies on the association between social isolation, loneliness and mortality outcomes in adults aged 18 years or older, as well as studies on these relationships in individuals with CVD or cancer, and conducted a meta-analysis. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (reg. no. CRD42022299959). A total of 90 prospective cohort studies including 2,205,199 individuals were included. Here we show that, in the general population, both social isolation and loneliness were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (pooled effect size for social isolation, 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26 to 1.39; P < 0.001; pooled effect size for loneliness, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.20; P < 0.001) and cancer mortality (pooled effect size for social isolation, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.28; P < 0.001; pooled effect size for loneliness, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.17; P = 0.030). Social isolation also increased the risk of CVD mortality (1.34; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.44; P < 0.001). There was an increased risk of all-cause mortality in socially isolated individuals with CVD (1.28; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.48; P = 0.001) or breast cancer (1.51; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.70; P < 0.001), and individuals with breast cancer had a higher cancer-specific mortality owing to social isolation (1.33; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.75; P = 0.038). Greater focus on social isolation and loneliness may help improve people’s well-being and mortality risk. In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 prospective cohort studies, Wang et al. find a significant association of both social isolation and loneliness with increased risk of all-cause mortality.
{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 cohort studies of social isolation, loneliness and mortality","authors":"Fan Wang, Yu Gao, Zhen Han, Yue Yu, Zhiping Long, Xianchen Jiang, Yi Wu, Bing Pei, Yukun Cao, Jingyu Ye, Maoqing Wang, Yashuang Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01617-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01617-6","url":null,"abstract":"The associations between social isolation, loneliness and the risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are controversial. We systematically reviewed prospective studies on the association between social isolation, loneliness and mortality outcomes in adults aged 18 years or older, as well as studies on these relationships in individuals with CVD or cancer, and conducted a meta-analysis. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (reg. no. CRD42022299959). A total of 90 prospective cohort studies including 2,205,199 individuals were included. Here we show that, in the general population, both social isolation and loneliness were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (pooled effect size for social isolation, 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26 to 1.39; P < 0.001; pooled effect size for loneliness, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.20; P < 0.001) and cancer mortality (pooled effect size for social isolation, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.28; P < 0.001; pooled effect size for loneliness, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.17; P = 0.030). Social isolation also increased the risk of CVD mortality (1.34; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.44; P < 0.001). There was an increased risk of all-cause mortality in socially isolated individuals with CVD (1.28; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.48; P = 0.001) or breast cancer (1.51; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.70; P < 0.001), and individuals with breast cancer had a higher cancer-specific mortality owing to social isolation (1.33; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.75; P = 0.038). Greater focus on social isolation and loneliness may help improve people’s well-being and mortality risk. In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 prospective cohort studies, Wang et al. find a significant association of both social isolation and loneliness with increased risk of all-cause mortality.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 8","pages":"1307-1319"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10112283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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