Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01679-6
Science is international, but scientific publishing is dominated by English-language publications. This disproportionately benefits native or fluent English speakers. We want to take steps to address the imbalance this creates, and new technology may help.
{"title":"Scientific publishing has a language problem","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01679-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01679-6","url":null,"abstract":"Science is international, but scientific publishing is dominated by English-language publications. This disproportionately benefits native or fluent English speakers. We want to take steps to address the imbalance this creates, and new technology may help.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 7","pages":"1019-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-023-01679-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10018360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01661-2
Franziska Brändle, Lena J. Stocks, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Samuel J. Gershman, Eric Schulz
Studies of human exploration frequently cast people as serendipitously stumbling upon good options. Yet these studies may not capture the richness of exploration strategies that people exhibit in more complex environments. Here we study behaviour in a large dataset of 29,493 players of the richly structured online game ‘Little Alchemy 2’. In this game, players start with four elements, which they can combine to create up to 720 complex objects. We find that players are driven not only by external reward signals, such as an attempt to produce successful outcomes, but also by an intrinsic motivation to create objects that empower them to create even more objects. We find that this drive for empowerment is eliminated when playing a game variant that lacks recognizable semantics, indicating that people use their knowledge about the world and its possibilities to guide their exploration. Our results suggest that the drive for empowerment may be a potent source of intrinsic motivation in richly structured domains, particularly those that lack explicit reward signals. The authors show that in a creative setting people make choices partially based on how empowering their choices are.
{"title":"Empowerment contributes to exploration behaviour in a creative video game","authors":"Franziska Brändle, Lena J. Stocks, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Samuel J. Gershman, Eric Schulz","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01661-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01661-2","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of human exploration frequently cast people as serendipitously stumbling upon good options. Yet these studies may not capture the richness of exploration strategies that people exhibit in more complex environments. Here we study behaviour in a large dataset of 29,493 players of the richly structured online game ‘Little Alchemy 2’. In this game, players start with four elements, which they can combine to create up to 720 complex objects. We find that players are driven not only by external reward signals, such as an attempt to produce successful outcomes, but also by an intrinsic motivation to create objects that empower them to create even more objects. We find that this drive for empowerment is eliminated when playing a game variant that lacks recognizable semantics, indicating that people use their knowledge about the world and its possibilities to guide their exploration. Our results suggest that the drive for empowerment may be a potent source of intrinsic motivation in richly structured domains, particularly those that lack explicit reward signals. The authors show that in a creative setting people make choices partially based on how empowering their choices are.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 9","pages":"1481-1489"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9863061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01651-4
Dunigan Folk, Elizabeth Dunn
We conducted a systematic review of the evidence underlying some of the most widely recommended strategies for increasing happiness. By coding media articles on happiness, we first identified the five most commonly recommended strategies: expressing gratitude, enhancing sociability, exercising, practising mindfulness/meditation and increasing nature exposure. Next, we conducted a systematic search of the published scientific literature. We identified well-powered, pre-registered experiments testing the effects of these strategies on any aspect of subjective wellbeing (that is, positive affect, negative affect and life satisfaction) in non-clinical samples. A total of 57 studies were included. Our review suggests that a strong scientific foundation is lacking for some of the most commonly recommended happiness strategies. As the effectiveness of these strategies remains an open question, there is an urgent need for well-powered, pre-registered studies investigating strategies for promoting happiness. A systematic review examines the happiness-promoting strategies most commonly recommended in the media. This review suggests that the scientific evidence underlying some of these strategies, such as physical exercise, is weak.
{"title":"A systematic review of the strength of evidence for the most commonly recommended happiness strategies in mainstream media","authors":"Dunigan Folk, Elizabeth Dunn","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01651-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01651-4","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a systematic review of the evidence underlying some of the most widely recommended strategies for increasing happiness. By coding media articles on happiness, we first identified the five most commonly recommended strategies: expressing gratitude, enhancing sociability, exercising, practising mindfulness/meditation and increasing nature exposure. Next, we conducted a systematic search of the published scientific literature. We identified well-powered, pre-registered experiments testing the effects of these strategies on any aspect of subjective wellbeing (that is, positive affect, negative affect and life satisfaction) in non-clinical samples. A total of 57 studies were included. Our review suggests that a strong scientific foundation is lacking for some of the most commonly recommended happiness strategies. As the effectiveness of these strategies remains an open question, there is an urgent need for well-powered, pre-registered studies investigating strategies for promoting happiness. A systematic review examines the happiness-promoting strategies most commonly recommended in the media. This review suggests that the scientific evidence underlying some of these strategies, such as physical exercise, is weak.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 10","pages":"1697-1707"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9900178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01675-w
Anat Perry
{"title":"AI will never convey the essence of human empathy","authors":"Anat Perry","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01675-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01675-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 11","pages":"1808-1809"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10204005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01676-9
Antonio A. Arechar, Jennifer Allen, Adam J. Berinsky, Rocky Cole, Ziv Epstein, Kiran Garimella, Andrew Gully, Jackson G. Lu, Robert M. Ross, Michael N. Stagnaro, Yunhao Zhang, Gordon Pennycook, David G. Rand
{"title":"Author Correction: Understanding and combatting misinformation across 16 countries on six continents","authors":"Antonio A. Arechar, Jennifer Allen, Adam J. Berinsky, Rocky Cole, Ziv Epstein, Kiran Garimella, Andrew Gully, Jackson G. Lu, Robert M. Ross, Michael N. Stagnaro, Yunhao Zhang, Gordon Pennycook, David G. Rand","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01676-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01676-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 10","pages":"1797-1797"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-023-01676-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9836315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01664-z
Omar Galárraga, Sebastian Linnemayr, Sandra I. McCoy, Harsha Thirumurthy, Christopher Gordon, Susan Vorkoper
Effective HIV prevention and treatment are widely available, but services are underused and underdelivered. Behavioural economics offers insights into why this is and shows us cost-effective interventions to change behaviours. We call for investment in scaling up behavioural economics approaches to aid in progress towards ending HIV.
{"title":"We must invest in behavioural economics for the HIV response","authors":"Omar Galárraga, Sebastian Linnemayr, Sandra I. McCoy, Harsha Thirumurthy, Christopher Gordon, Susan Vorkoper","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01664-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01664-z","url":null,"abstract":"Effective HIV prevention and treatment are widely available, but services are underused and underdelivered. Behavioural economics offers insights into why this is and shows us cost-effective interventions to change behaviours. We call for investment in scaling up behavioural economics approaches to aid in progress towards ending HIV.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 8","pages":"1241-1244"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10431238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01643-4
Miguel Barretto-García, Gilles de Hollander, Marcus Grueschow, Rafael Polanía, Michael Woodford, Christian C. Ruff
Humans are generally risk averse, preferring smaller certain over larger uncertain outcomes. Economic theories usually explain this by assuming concave utility functions. Here, we provide evidence that risk aversion can also arise from relative underestimation of larger monetary payoffs, a perceptual bias rooted in the noisy logarithmic coding of numerical magnitudes. We confirmed this with psychophysics and functional magnetic resonance imaging, by measuring behavioural and neural acuity of magnitude representations during a magnitude perception task and relating these measures to risk attitudes during separate risky financial decisions. Computational modelling indicated that participants use similar mental magnitude representations in both tasks, with correlated precision across perceptual and risky choices. Participants with more precise magnitude representations in parietal cortex showed less variable behaviour and less risk aversion. Our results highlight that at least some individual characteristics of economic behaviour can reflect capacity limitations in perceptual processing rather than processes that assign subjective values to monetary outcomes. Using modelling and experimental data, the authors provide evidence that risk aversion may arise from relative underestimation of larger monetary payoffs, a perceptual bias rooted in the noisy logarithmic coding of numerical magnitudes.
{"title":"Individual risk attitudes arise from noise in neurocognitive magnitude representations","authors":"Miguel Barretto-García, Gilles de Hollander, Marcus Grueschow, Rafael Polanía, Michael Woodford, Christian C. Ruff","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01643-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01643-4","url":null,"abstract":"Humans are generally risk averse, preferring smaller certain over larger uncertain outcomes. Economic theories usually explain this by assuming concave utility functions. Here, we provide evidence that risk aversion can also arise from relative underestimation of larger monetary payoffs, a perceptual bias rooted in the noisy logarithmic coding of numerical magnitudes. We confirmed this with psychophysics and functional magnetic resonance imaging, by measuring behavioural and neural acuity of magnitude representations during a magnitude perception task and relating these measures to risk attitudes during separate risky financial decisions. Computational modelling indicated that participants use similar mental magnitude representations in both tasks, with correlated precision across perceptual and risky choices. Participants with more precise magnitude representations in parietal cortex showed less variable behaviour and less risk aversion. Our results highlight that at least some individual characteristics of economic behaviour can reflect capacity limitations in perceptual processing rather than processes that assign subjective values to monetary outcomes. Using modelling and experimental data, the authors provide evidence that risk aversion may arise from relative underestimation of larger monetary payoffs, a perceptual bias rooted in the noisy logarithmic coding of numerical magnitudes.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 9","pages":"1551-1567"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9827449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01644-3
Angelo Fasce, Philipp Schmid, Dawn L. Holford, Luke Bates, Iryna Gurevych, Stephan Lewandowsky
The proliferation of anti-vaccination arguments is a threat to the success of many immunization programmes. Effective rebuttal of contrarian arguments requires an approach that goes beyond addressing flaws in the arguments, by also considering the attitude roots—that is, the underlying psychological attributes driving a person’s belief—of opposition to vaccines. Here, through a pre-registered systematic literature review of 152 scientific articles and thematic analysis of anti-vaccination arguments, we developed a hierarchical taxonomy that relates common arguments and themes to 11 attitude roots that explain why an individual might express opposition to vaccination. We further validated our taxonomy on coronavirus disease 2019 anti-vaccination misinformation, through a combination of human coding and machine learning using natural language processing algorithms. Overall, the taxonomy serves as a theoretical framework to link expressed opposition of vaccines to their underlying psychological processes. This enables future work to develop targeted rebuttals and other interventions that address the underlying motives of anti-vaccination arguments. Angelo Fasce et al. conducted a systematic literature review and applied natural language processing methods to develop a taxonomy that relates anti-vaccination arguments to their psychological roots.
{"title":"A taxonomy of anti-vaccination arguments from a systematic literature review and text modelling","authors":"Angelo Fasce, Philipp Schmid, Dawn L. Holford, Luke Bates, Iryna Gurevych, Stephan Lewandowsky","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01644-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01644-3","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of anti-vaccination arguments is a threat to the success of many immunization programmes. Effective rebuttal of contrarian arguments requires an approach that goes beyond addressing flaws in the arguments, by also considering the attitude roots—that is, the underlying psychological attributes driving a person’s belief—of opposition to vaccines. Here, through a pre-registered systematic literature review of 152 scientific articles and thematic analysis of anti-vaccination arguments, we developed a hierarchical taxonomy that relates common arguments and themes to 11 attitude roots that explain why an individual might express opposition to vaccination. We further validated our taxonomy on coronavirus disease 2019 anti-vaccination misinformation, through a combination of human coding and machine learning using natural language processing algorithms. Overall, the taxonomy serves as a theoretical framework to link expressed opposition of vaccines to their underlying psychological processes. This enables future work to develop targeted rebuttals and other interventions that address the underlying motives of anti-vaccination arguments. Angelo Fasce et al. conducted a systematic literature review and applied natural language processing methods to develop a taxonomy that relates anti-vaccination arguments to their psychological roots.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 9","pages":"1462-1480"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9827452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01666-x
Mohammed K. Ali, Nikkil Sudharsanan, Harsha Thirumurthy
New medications that target biological mechanisms to address obesity, diabetes and related cardiometabolic conditions are widely popular. As not everyone is eligible, willing or able to take medications, structural and behavioural solutions remain essential to treat and decrease the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
{"title":"Behaviour change in the era of biomedical advances","authors":"Mohammed K. Ali, Nikkil Sudharsanan, Harsha Thirumurthy","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01666-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01666-x","url":null,"abstract":"New medications that target biological mechanisms to address obesity, diabetes and related cardiometabolic conditions are widely popular. As not everyone is eligible, willing or able to take medications, structural and behavioural solutions remain essential to treat and decrease the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 9","pages":"1417-1419"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9779589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01637-2
Abubakari Ahmed, Aceil Al-Khatib, Yap Boum II, Humberto Debat, Alonso Gurmendi Dunkelberg, Lisa Janicke Hinchliffe, Frith Jarrad, Adam Mastroianni, Patrick Mineault, Charlotte R. Pennington, J. Andrew Pruszynski
Academic publishing is the backbone of science dissemination –– but is the current system fit for purpose? We asked a diverse group of scientists to comment on the future of publishing. They discuss systemic issues, challenges, and opportunities, and share their vision for the future.
{"title":"The future of academic publishing","authors":"Abubakari Ahmed, Aceil Al-Khatib, Yap Boum II, Humberto Debat, Alonso Gurmendi Dunkelberg, Lisa Janicke Hinchliffe, Frith Jarrad, Adam Mastroianni, Patrick Mineault, Charlotte R. Pennington, J. Andrew Pruszynski","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01637-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01637-2","url":null,"abstract":"Academic publishing is the backbone of science dissemination –– but is the current system fit for purpose? We asked a diverse group of scientists to comment on the future of publishing. They discuss systemic issues, challenges, and opportunities, and share their vision for the future.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 7","pages":"1021-1026"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9934255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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