Nature Human Behaviour最新文献

英文中文

How to change research culture with participatory workshops. 如何用参与式研讨会改变研究文化。

IF 15.9 1区心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Nature Human Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02391-3

Anne E Urai, Anna van 't Veer, Eiko I Fried, Clare Kelly

引用次数: 0

Tariffs and economic uncertainty threaten public health 关税和经济不确定性威胁着公众健康。

IF 15.9 1区心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Nature Human Behaviour

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02346-8

Sotiris Vandoros, Ichiro Kawachi

引用次数: 0

Immature orangutans require cultural knowledge to develop mature diets. 未成熟的猩猩需要文化知识来发展成熟的饮食。

IF 15.9 1区心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Nature Human Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02368-2

引用次数: 0

Measuring context sensitivity in artificial intelligence content moderation. 测量人工智能内容审核中的上下文敏感性。

IF 15.9 1区心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Nature Human Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02363-7

引用次数: 0

Multidisciplinary analyses and ancient DNA reveal social inequality and mobility in the Central Plains during the Eastern Zhou period in China. 多学科分析和古代DNA揭示了中国东周时期中原地区的社会不平等和流动性。

IF 15.9 1区心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Nature Human Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02356-6

Baoshuai Zhang, Jiajing Zheng, Lei Sun, Yuanyuan Zhang, Zhenlong Gao, Zhaohui Han, Pengfei Sheng, Xingxiang Zhang, Juan Wang, Panxin Du, Jianxue Xiong, Xin Chang, Ke Wang, Bangyan Wang, Kongyang Zhu, Rui Wang, Xiaomin Yang, Tianyou Bai, Yu Xu, Gao Wu, Chuan-Chao Wang, Shaoqing Wen, Anchuan Fan

The Eastern Zhou period (771-221 BC), characterized by social stratification, was marked by important inequality. Here the authors analyse 32 skeletons from Songzhuang Cemetery in Henan Province using sex-specific peptides, ancient DNA and isotopes to explore multidimensional inequality in sexes, diet and mobility. DNA and proteomic analyses show that young women were marginalized as sacrificial victims (22 out of 26 human sacrifices were female). Carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyses suggest dietary differences by social class, with the nobility consuming more high-protein and millet-based diets than sacrificial companions, who themselves show intra-group dietary variation (δ¹³C_bone,nobles = -8.6‰; δ¹³C_{bone,human sacrifice group one} = -10.9‰; δ¹³C_{bone,human sacrifice group two} = -14.1‰; δ¹⁵N_bone,nobles = 11.6‰; δ¹⁵N_{bone,human sacrifice group one} = 8.5‰; δ¹⁵N_{bone,human sacrifice group two} = 7.7‰). Enamel and dentin isotope data indicate that these dietary inequalities were established from childhood (δ¹³C_{enamel,nobles} = -1.5‰; δ¹³C_{enamel,human sacrifice group one} = -3.8‰; δ¹³C_{enamel,human sacrifice group two} = -6.9‰). Strontium and oxygen isotope evidence shows that a high proportion of the nobles were non-local migrants. Genetic analysis reveals a genealogy linking four noblewomen to a sacrificial victim, highlighting the importance of kinship and marital alliances in maintaining social status. Despite class rigidity, dental isotope sequences in M18 reveal that two individuals experienced childhood dietary shifts, indicating rare class mobility.

东周时期（公元前771-221年）以社会分层为特征，以严重的不平等为特征。本文作者利用性别特异性肽、古代DNA和同位素分析了河南省宋庄墓地的32具骨架，以探索性别、饮食和流动性方面的多维不平等。DNA和蛋白质组学分析表明，年轻妇女作为牺牲品被边缘化（26个人类牺牲品中有22个是女性）。碳氮同位素分析表明，不同社会阶层的饮食存在差异，贵族比祭祀同伴摄入更多高蛋白和以谷子为基础的饮食，而祭祀同伴本身也存在群体内饮食差异（δ13Cbone，贵族= -8.6‰；δ13Cbone，人祭1组= -10.9‰；δ13Cbone，人祭2组= -14.1‰；δ15Nbone，贵族= 11.6‰；δ15Nbone，人祭1组= 8.5‰；δ15Nbone，人祭2组= 7.7‰）。釉质和牙本质同位素数据表明，这些饮食差异从童年开始就存在（δ13Cenamel,noble = -1.5‰；δ13Cenamel，人祭组1 = -3.8‰；δ13Cenamel，人祭组2 = -6.9‰）。锶和氧同位素证据表明，贵族中有很大一部分是外来移民。基因分析揭示了四名贵族女性与一名牺牲者的家谱关系，强调了亲属关系和婚姻联盟在维持社会地位方面的重要性。尽管有阶级刚性，但M18的牙齿同位素序列显示，有两个个体经历了童年饮食的转变，表明罕见的阶级流动性。

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引用次数: 0

Rethinking classroom design to improve learning. 反思课堂设计促进学习。

IF 29.9 1区心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Nature Human Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02386-0

Júlio César Claudino Dos Santos

引用次数: 0

A large-scale comparison of divergent creativity in humans and large language models 人类不同创造力与大型语言模型的大规模比较

IF 29.9 1区心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Nature Human Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02331-1

Dawei Wang, Difang Huang, Haipeng Shen, Brian Uzzi

Human–machine partnerships are increasingly used to address grand societal challenges, yet knowledge of the comparative strengths of humans and machines to innovate is nascent. Here we compare the ability of humans (N = 9,198) and large language models (LLMs, N = 215,542 observations) to generate novel ideas in an established creativity task. We present three key results. First, human creativity on average is slightly higher than that of LLMs. Second, creativity differences are pronounced at the extremes of the distribution, with humans exhibiting greater variability and higher levels of creativity in the right-hand tail of the distribution. Third, attempts to increase the creativity of LLMs through instructing LLMs to take on genius personas or different demographic roles lifted performance up to a threshold beyond which the output became opposite real-life patterns, whereas strategic prompt-engineering efforts yielded mixed to negative results. We discuss the implications of our findings for human–machine collaboration and problem solving.

人机合作越来越多地用于解决重大的社会挑战，但关于人类和机器在创新方面的比较优势的知识还处于萌芽阶段。在这里，我们比较了人类（N = 9198）和大型语言模型（llm, N = 215,542个观察结果）在既定创造力任务中产生新想法的能力。我们提出了三个关键结果。首先，人类的创造力平均略高于法学硕士。其次，创造力差异在分布的极端是明显的，在分布的右尾部，人类表现出更大的可变性和更高水平的创造力。第三，试图通过指导法学硕士扮演天才角色或不同的人口角色来提高法学硕士的创造力，将绩效提升到一个阈值，超过这个阈值，产出就会变成与现实生活相反的模式，而战略性的即时工程努力产生了好坏参半的结果。我们讨论了我们的发现对人机协作和问题解决的影响。

引用次数: 0

Homophobia, economic precarity and the well-being of sexual and gender diverse people in a 153-country survey 在153个国家进行的一项调查显示，同性恋恐惧症、经济不稳定以及性取向和性别多样化人群的福祉

IF 29.9 1区心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Nature Human Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02361-9

Erik Lamontagne, Vincent Leroy, Sean Howell, Sylvie Boyer, Bruno Ventelou

Here we explore the well-being of sexual and gender diverse (LGBTQ+) people using three socioecological dimensions of homophobia, family, community and national and their socioeconomic status via a convenience sample of 82,324 participants. Participants from the Middle East and North Africa reported the lowest subjective well-being (mean 4.78, s.d. of 2.70), followed by Eastern Europe and Central Asia (mean 5.22, s.d. of 2.13). The Structural Homophobic Climate Index (β = −1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) −2.38 to −0.99) and family-level homophobia (β = −0.84, 95% CI −0.87 to −0.81) were negatively related to LGBTQ+ well-being. Economic precarity significantly interacted with the negative association between homophobia and participants’ well-being. The weight of a country’s homophobic climate on well-being was nearly halved for economically secure participants compared with those economically deprived. Participants unaware of their human immunodeficiency virus status reported the lowest well-being (β = −0.20, 95% CI −0.23 to −0.16) controlling for homophobia. Public health measures should address homophobic stigma and discrimination, focusing on the lowest socioeconomic strata.

本研究通过82,324名参与者的便利样本，从同性恋恐惧症、家庭、社区和国家三个社会生态维度探讨了性取向和性别多样性（LGBTQ+）人群的幸福感及其社会经济地位。中东和北非的参与者报告的主观幸福感最低（平均4.78，标准差为2.70），其次是东欧和中亚（平均5.22，标准差为2.13）。结构性同性恋恐惧症气候指数（β = - 1.68, 95%可信区间(CI) - 2.38至- 0.99）和家庭层面的同性恋恐惧症（β = - 0.84, 95% CI - 0.87至- 0.81）与LGBTQ+幸福感呈负相关。经济不稳定与同性恋恐惧症和参与者幸福感之间的负相关显著相互作用。一个国家的恐同氛围对经济上有保障的参与者的幸福感的影响，与经济上被剥夺的参与者相比，几乎减半。不知道自己的人类免疫缺陷病毒状态的参与者报告了最低的幸福感（β = - 0.20, 95% CI - 0.23至- 0.16）。公共卫生措施应解决对同性恋的污名化和歧视问题，重点放在最低的社会经济阶层。

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引用次数: 0

Indigenization and inclusion in Chinese academia 中国学术界的本土化与包容性

IF 29.9 1区心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Nature Human Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02366-4

Jianan Huang, Cong Cao, Hong Liu

China’s national academies have long served as barometers of academic development and scientific prestige. We use publicly available information to develop a dataset comprising 3,534 academy member profiles spanning 1905 to 2023. Using this dataset, we examine the evolving composition of China’s academic elite. Here we show that despite increasing globalization, the proportion of foreign-educated academy members has declined, while scholars from underrepresented regions—Western China and developing countries (or the Global South)—have benefited from preferential inclusive policies. Some elite-level returnee academics experience research underperformance upon returning. These trends reflect a broader shift towards academic indigenization and have wider implications for meritocracy, mobility and the sustainability of China’s talent strategies. This study examines complex reasons behind the above developments.

长期以来，中国的国家科学院一直是学术发展和科学声望的晴雨表。我们使用公开信息开发了一个包含1905年至2023年期间3,534名学院成员资料的数据集。利用这一数据集，我们考察了中国学术精英的构成演变。本文表明，尽管全球化程度不断提高，但受外国教育的学术成员比例有所下降，而来自代表性不足地区（中国西部和发展中国家（或全球南方））的学者则受益于优惠的包容性政策。一些精英水平的海归学者回国后研究表现不佳。这些趋势反映了学术本土化的广泛转变，并对中国人才战略的精英管理、流动性和可持续性产生了更广泛的影响。本研究探讨了上述发展背后的复杂原因。

引用次数: 0

Shared sensitivity to data distribution during learning in humans and transformer networks 在人类和变压器网络学习过程中对数据分布的共同敏感性

IF 29.9 1区心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Nature Human Behaviour

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02359-3

Jacques Pesnot Lerousseau, Christopher Summerfield

Do humans learn like transformers? We trained both humans (n = 530) and transformer networks on a rule learning task where they had to respond to a query in a sequence. At test, we measured ‘in-context’ learning (generalize the rule to novel queries) and ‘in-weights’ learning (recall past experiences from memory). Manipulating the diversity and redundancy of examples in the training distribution, we found that humans and transformer networks respond in very similar ways. In both types of learner, redundancy and diversity trade off in driving in-weights and in-context learning, respectively, whereas a composite distribution with a balanced mix of redundancy and diversity allows the two strategies to be used in tandem. However, we also found that while humans benefit from dynamic training schedules that emphasize diverse examples early, transformers do not. So, while the same data-distributional properties promote learning in humans and transformer networks, only people benefit from curricula.

人类像变形金刚一样学习吗？我们训练人类（n = 530）和变压器网络进行规则学习任务，其中他们必须按顺序响应查询。在测试中，我们测量了“情境学习”（将规则推广到新的查询）和“权重学习”（从记忆中回忆过去的经历）。通过处理训练分布中样本的多样性和冗余性，我们发现人类和变压器网络的响应方式非常相似。在这两种类型的学习器中，冗余和多样性分别在驱动权重学习和上下文学习中相互权衡，而具有冗余和多样性平衡混合的复合分布允许两种策略同时使用。然而，我们也发现，当人类从早期强调多样化示例的动态训练计划中受益时，变形金刚却没有。因此，虽然同样的数据分布特性促进了人类和网络的学习，但只有人能从课程中受益。

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