首页 > 最新文献

Nature Human Behaviour最新文献

英文 中文
A large-scale comparison of divergent creativity in humans and large language models 人类不同创造力与大型语言模型的大规模比较
IF 29.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02331-1
Dawei Wang, Difang Huang, Haipeng Shen, Brian Uzzi
Human–machine partnerships are increasingly used to address grand societal challenges, yet knowledge of the comparative strengths of humans and machines to innovate is nascent. Here we compare the ability of humans (N = 9,198) and large language models (LLMs, N = 215,542 observations) to generate novel ideas in an established creativity task. We present three key results. First, human creativity on average is slightly higher than that of LLMs. Second, creativity differences are pronounced at the extremes of the distribution, with humans exhibiting greater variability and higher levels of creativity in the right-hand tail of the distribution. Third, attempts to increase the creativity of LLMs through instructing LLMs to take on genius personas or different demographic roles lifted performance up to a threshold beyond which the output became opposite real-life patterns, whereas strategic prompt-engineering efforts yielded mixed to negative results. We discuss the implications of our findings for human–machine collaboration and problem solving.
人机合作越来越多地用于解决重大的社会挑战,但关于人类和机器在创新方面的比较优势的知识还处于萌芽阶段。在这里,我们比较了人类(N = 9198)和大型语言模型(llm, N = 215,542个观察结果)在既定创造力任务中产生新想法的能力。我们提出了三个关键结果。首先,人类的创造力平均略高于法学硕士。其次,创造力差异在分布的极端是明显的,在分布的右尾部,人类表现出更大的可变性和更高水平的创造力。第三,试图通过指导法学硕士扮演天才角色或不同的人口角色来提高法学硕士的创造力,将绩效提升到一个阈值,超过这个阈值,产出就会变成与现实生活相反的模式,而战略性的即时工程努力产生了好坏参半的结果。我们讨论了我们的发现对人机协作和问题解决的影响。
{"title":"A large-scale comparison of divergent creativity in humans and large language models","authors":"Dawei Wang, Difang Huang, Haipeng Shen, Brian Uzzi","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02331-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02331-1","url":null,"abstract":"Human–machine partnerships are increasingly used to address grand societal challenges, yet knowledge of the comparative strengths of humans and machines to innovate is nascent. Here we compare the ability of humans (N = 9,198) and large language models (LLMs, N = 215,542 observations) to generate novel ideas in an established creativity task. We present three key results. First, human creativity on average is slightly higher than that of LLMs. Second, creativity differences are pronounced at the extremes of the distribution, with humans exhibiting greater variability and higher levels of creativity in the right-hand tail of the distribution. Third, attempts to increase the creativity of LLMs through instructing LLMs to take on genius personas or different demographic roles lifted performance up to a threshold beyond which the output became opposite real-life patterns, whereas strategic prompt-engineering efforts yielded mixed to negative results. We discuss the implications of our findings for human–machine collaboration and problem solving.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"371 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Homophobia, economic precarity and the well-being of sexual and gender diverse people in a 153-country survey 在153个国家进行的一项调查显示,同性恋恐惧症、经济不稳定以及性取向和性别多样化人群的福祉
IF 29.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02361-9
Erik Lamontagne, Vincent Leroy, Sean Howell, Sylvie Boyer, Bruno Ventelou
Here we explore the well-being of sexual and gender diverse (LGBTQ+) people using three socioecological dimensions of homophobia, family, community and national and their socioeconomic status via a convenience sample of 82,324 participants. Participants from the Middle East and North Africa reported the lowest subjective well-being (mean 4.78, s.d. of 2.70), followed by Eastern Europe and Central Asia (mean 5.22, s.d. of 2.13). The Structural Homophobic Climate Index (β = −1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) −2.38 to −0.99) and family-level homophobia (β = −0.84, 95% CI −0.87 to −0.81) were negatively related to LGBTQ+ well-being. Economic precarity significantly interacted with the negative association between homophobia and participants’ well-being. The weight of a country’s homophobic climate on well-being was nearly halved for economically secure participants compared with those economically deprived. Participants unaware of their human immunodeficiency virus status reported the lowest well-being (β = −0.20, 95% CI −0.23 to −0.16) controlling for homophobia. Public health measures should address homophobic stigma and discrimination, focusing on the lowest socioeconomic strata.
本研究通过82,324名参与者的便利样本,从同性恋恐惧症、家庭、社区和国家三个社会生态维度探讨了性取向和性别多样性(LGBTQ+)人群的幸福感及其社会经济地位。中东和北非的参与者报告的主观幸福感最低(平均4.78,标准差为2.70),其次是东欧和中亚(平均5.22,标准差为2.13)。结构性同性恋恐惧症气候指数(β = - 1.68, 95%可信区间(CI) - 2.38至- 0.99)和家庭层面的同性恋恐惧症(β = - 0.84, 95% CI - 0.87至- 0.81)与LGBTQ+幸福感呈负相关。经济不稳定与同性恋恐惧症和参与者幸福感之间的负相关显著相互作用。一个国家的恐同氛围对经济上有保障的参与者的幸福感的影响,与经济上被剥夺的参与者相比,几乎减半。不知道自己的人类免疫缺陷病毒状态的参与者报告了最低的幸福感(β = - 0.20, 95% CI - 0.23至- 0.16)。公共卫生措施应解决对同性恋的污名化和歧视问题,重点放在最低的社会经济阶层。
{"title":"Homophobia, economic precarity and the well-being of sexual and gender diverse people in a 153-country survey","authors":"Erik Lamontagne, Vincent Leroy, Sean Howell, Sylvie Boyer, Bruno Ventelou","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02361-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02361-9","url":null,"abstract":"Here we explore the well-being of sexual and gender diverse (LGBTQ+) people using three socioecological dimensions of homophobia, family, community and national and their socioeconomic status via a convenience sample of 82,324 participants. Participants from the Middle East and North Africa reported the lowest subjective well-being (mean 4.78, s.d. of 2.70), followed by Eastern Europe and Central Asia (mean 5.22, s.d. of 2.13). The Structural Homophobic Climate Index (β = −1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) −2.38 to −0.99) and family-level homophobia (β = −0.84, 95% CI −0.87 to −0.81) were negatively related to LGBTQ+ well-being. Economic precarity significantly interacted with the negative association between homophobia and participants’ well-being. The weight of a country’s homophobic climate on well-being was nearly halved for economically secure participants compared with those economically deprived. Participants unaware of their human immunodeficiency virus status reported the lowest well-being (β = −0.20, 95% CI −0.23 to −0.16) controlling for homophobia. Public health measures should address homophobic stigma and discrimination, focusing on the lowest socioeconomic strata.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Indigenization and inclusion in Chinese academia 中国学术界的本土化与包容性
IF 29.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02366-4
Jianan Huang, Cong Cao, Hong Liu
China’s national academies have long served as barometers of academic development and scientific prestige. We use publicly available information to develop a dataset comprising 3,534 academy member profiles spanning 1905 to 2023. Using this dataset, we examine the evolving composition of China’s academic elite. Here we show that despite increasing globalization, the proportion of foreign-educated academy members has declined, while scholars from underrepresented regions—Western China and developing countries (or the Global South)—have benefited from preferential inclusive policies. Some elite-level returnee academics experience research underperformance upon returning. These trends reflect a broader shift towards academic indigenization and have wider implications for meritocracy, mobility and the sustainability of China’s talent strategies. This study examines complex reasons behind the above developments.
长期以来,中国的国家科学院一直是学术发展和科学声望的晴雨表。我们使用公开信息开发了一个包含1905年至2023年期间3,534名学院成员资料的数据集。利用这一数据集,我们考察了中国学术精英的构成演变。本文表明,尽管全球化程度不断提高,但受外国教育的学术成员比例有所下降,而来自代表性不足地区(中国西部和发展中国家(或全球南方))的学者则受益于优惠的包容性政策。一些精英水平的海归学者回国后研究表现不佳。这些趋势反映了学术本土化的广泛转变,并对中国人才战略的精英管理、流动性和可持续性产生了更广泛的影响。本研究探讨了上述发展背后的复杂原因。
{"title":"Indigenization and inclusion in Chinese academia","authors":"Jianan Huang, Cong Cao, Hong Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02366-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02366-4","url":null,"abstract":"China’s national academies have long served as barometers of academic development and scientific prestige. We use publicly available information to develop a dataset comprising 3,534 academy member profiles spanning 1905 to 2023. Using this dataset, we examine the evolving composition of China’s academic elite. Here we show that despite increasing globalization, the proportion of foreign-educated academy members has declined, while scholars from underrepresented regions—Western China and developing countries (or the Global South)—have benefited from preferential inclusive policies. Some elite-level returnee academics experience research underperformance upon returning. These trends reflect a broader shift towards academic indigenization and have wider implications for meritocracy, mobility and the sustainability of China’s talent strategies. This study examines complex reasons behind the above developments.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shared sensitivity to data distribution during learning in humans and transformer networks 在人类和变压器网络学习过程中对数据分布的共同敏感性
IF 29.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02359-3
Jacques Pesnot Lerousseau, Christopher Summerfield
Do humans learn like transformers? We trained both humans (n = 530) and transformer networks on a rule learning task where they had to respond to a query in a sequence. At test, we measured ‘in-context’ learning (generalize the rule to novel queries) and ‘in-weights’ learning (recall past experiences from memory). Manipulating the diversity and redundancy of examples in the training distribution, we found that humans and transformer networks respond in very similar ways. In both types of learner, redundancy and diversity trade off in driving in-weights and in-context learning, respectively, whereas a composite distribution with a balanced mix of redundancy and diversity allows the two strategies to be used in tandem. However, we also found that while humans benefit from dynamic training schedules that emphasize diverse examples early, transformers do not. So, while the same data-distributional properties promote learning in humans and transformer networks, only people benefit from curricula.
人类像变形金刚一样学习吗?我们训练人类(n = 530)和变压器网络进行规则学习任务,其中他们必须按顺序响应查询。在测试中,我们测量了“情境学习”(将规则推广到新的查询)和“权重学习”(从记忆中回忆过去的经历)。通过处理训练分布中样本的多样性和冗余性,我们发现人类和变压器网络的响应方式非常相似。在这两种类型的学习器中,冗余和多样性分别在驱动权重学习和上下文学习中相互权衡,而具有冗余和多样性平衡混合的复合分布允许两种策略同时使用。然而,我们也发现,当人类从早期强调多样化示例的动态训练计划中受益时,变形金刚却没有。因此,虽然同样的数据分布特性促进了人类和网络的学习,但只有人能从课程中受益。
{"title":"Shared sensitivity to data distribution during learning in humans and transformer networks","authors":"Jacques Pesnot Lerousseau, Christopher Summerfield","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02359-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02359-3","url":null,"abstract":"Do humans learn like transformers? We trained both humans (n = 530) and transformer networks on a rule learning task where they had to respond to a query in a sequence. At test, we measured ‘in-context’ learning (generalize the rule to novel queries) and ‘in-weights’ learning (recall past experiences from memory). Manipulating the diversity and redundancy of examples in the training distribution, we found that humans and transformer networks respond in very similar ways. In both types of learner, redundancy and diversity trade off in driving in-weights and in-context learning, respectively, whereas a composite distribution with a balanced mix of redundancy and diversity allows the two strategies to be used in tandem. However, we also found that while humans benefit from dynamic training schedules that emphasize diverse examples early, transformers do not. So, while the same data-distributional properties promote learning in humans and transformer networks, only people benefit from curricula.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Large-scale mega-analysis indicates that serial dependence deteriorates perceptual decision-making 大规模的大型分析表明,序列依赖会使感知决策恶化
IF 29.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02362-8
Ayberk Ozkirli, Andrey Chetverikov, David Pascucci
For over a century, research has shown that human perceptual decisions are systematically influenced by prior perceptual experiences, a phenomenon known as serial dependence. It has recently been suggested that serial dependence can improve perceptual decision-making by mitigating uncertainty and reducing variability in perceptual estimates—leading to a superiority effect. However, this claim remains largely untested. Here we present a large-scale analysis, compiling the most extensive dataset of serial dependence studies from the past decade. Contrary to the proposed superiority effect, our findings indicate that serial dependence deteriorates rather than improves perceptual decision-making. These results challenge prevailing models and emphasize the need to rethink serial dependence and its role in human perception, cognition and behaviour.
一个多世纪以来,研究表明,人类的感知决策系统地受到先前感知经验的影响,这种现象被称为序列依赖。最近有研究表明,序列依赖可以通过减轻感知估计中的不确定性和减少可变性来改善感知决策,从而产生优势效应。然而,这种说法在很大程度上仍未经检验。在这里,我们提出了一个大规模的分析,汇编了过去十年来序列依赖性研究的最广泛的数据集。与提出的优势效应相反,我们的研究结果表明,序列依赖会恶化而不是改善感知决策。这些结果挑战了主流模型,并强调需要重新思考序列依赖及其在人类感知、认知和行为中的作用。
{"title":"Large-scale mega-analysis indicates that serial dependence deteriorates perceptual decision-making","authors":"Ayberk Ozkirli, Andrey Chetverikov, David Pascucci","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02362-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02362-8","url":null,"abstract":"For over a century, research has shown that human perceptual decisions are systematically influenced by prior perceptual experiences, a phenomenon known as serial dependence. It has recently been suggested that serial dependence can improve perceptual decision-making by mitigating uncertainty and reducing variability in perceptual estimates—leading to a superiority effect. However, this claim remains largely untested. Here we present a large-scale analysis, compiling the most extensive dataset of serial dependence studies from the past decade. Contrary to the proposed superiority effect, our findings indicate that serial dependence deteriorates rather than improves perceptual decision-making. These results challenge prevailing models and emphasize the need to rethink serial dependence and its role in human perception, cognition and behaviour.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Higher-order interactions shape collective human behaviour 高阶互动塑造了人类的集体行为
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02373-5
Federico Battiston, Valerio Capraro, Fariba Karimi, Sune Lehmann, Andrea Bamberg Migliano, Onkar Sadekar, Angel Sánchez, Matjaž Perc
Traditional social network models focus on pairwise interactions, overlooking the complexity of group-level dynamics that shape collective human behaviour. Here we outline how the framework of higher-order social networks—using mathematical representations beyond simple graphs—can more accurately represent interactions involving multiple individuals. Drawing from empirical data including scientific collaborations and contact networks, we demonstrate how higher-order structures reveal mechanisms of group formation, social contagion, cooperation and moral behaviour that are invisible in dyadic models. By moving beyond dyads, this approach offers a transformative lens for understanding the relational architecture of human societies, opening new directions for behavioural experiments, cultural dynamics, team science and group behaviour as well as new cross-disciplinary research. Battiston et al. discuss the emerging paradigm of higher-order network science and its applications to social systems and human dynamics.
传统的社会网络模型侧重于两两互动,忽视了塑造人类集体行为的群体层面动态的复杂性。在这里,我们概述了高阶社会网络的框架——使用简单图表之外的数学表示——如何更准确地表示涉及多个个体的互动。从包括科学合作和联系网络在内的经验数据中,我们展示了高阶结构如何揭示群体形成、社会传染、合作和道德行为的机制,这些机制在二元模型中是看不见的。通过超越二元关系,这种方法为理解人类社会的关系结构提供了一个变革性的视角,为行为实验、文化动力学、团队科学和群体行为以及新的跨学科研究开辟了新的方向。Battiston等人讨论了高阶网络科学的新兴范式及其在社会系统和人类动力学中的应用。
{"title":"Higher-order interactions shape collective human behaviour","authors":"Federico Battiston, Valerio Capraro, Fariba Karimi, Sune Lehmann, Andrea Bamberg Migliano, Onkar Sadekar, Angel Sánchez, Matjaž Perc","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02373-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-025-02373-5","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional social network models focus on pairwise interactions, overlooking the complexity of group-level dynamics that shape collective human behaviour. Here we outline how the framework of higher-order social networks—using mathematical representations beyond simple graphs—can more accurately represent interactions involving multiple individuals. Drawing from empirical data including scientific collaborations and contact networks, we demonstrate how higher-order structures reveal mechanisms of group formation, social contagion, cooperation and moral behaviour that are invisible in dyadic models. By moving beyond dyads, this approach offers a transformative lens for understanding the relational architecture of human societies, opening new directions for behavioural experiments, cultural dynamics, team science and group behaviour as well as new cross-disciplinary research. Battiston et al. discuss the emerging paradigm of higher-order network science and its applications to social systems and human dynamics.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"9 12","pages":"2441-2457"},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145770629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combined evidence from artificial neural networks and human brain-lesion models reveals that language modulates vision in human perception 人工神经网络和人脑损伤模型的综合证据表明,语言在人类感知中调节视觉
IF 29.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02357-5
Haoyang Chen, Bo Liu, Shuyue Wang, Xiaosha Wang, Wenjuan Han, Xiaochun Wang, Yixin Zhu, Yanchao Bi
Comparing information structures in between deep neural networks (DNNs) and the human brain has become a key method for exploring their similarities and differences. Recent research has shown better alignment of vision–language DNN models, such as contrastive language–image pretraining (CLIP), with the activity of the human ventral occipitotemporal cortex (VOTC) than earlier vision models, supporting the idea that language modulates human visual perception. However, interpreting the results from such comparisons is inherently limited owing to the ‘black box’ nature of DNNs. Here we combine model–brain fitness analyses with human brain lesion data to examine how disrupting the communication pathway between the visual and language systems causally affects the ability of vision–language DNNs to explain the activity of the VOTC to address this. Across four diverse datasets, CLIP consistently captured unique variance in VOTC neural representations, relative to both label-supervised (ResNet) and unsupervised (MoCo) models. This advantage tended to be left-lateralized at the group level, aligning with the human language network. Analyses of 33 patients who experienced a stroke revealed that reduced white matter integrity between the VOTC and the language region in the left angular gyrus was correlated with decreased CLIP–brain correspondence and increased MoCo–brain correspondence, indicating a dynamic influence of language processing on the activity of the VOTC. These findings support the integration of language modulation in neurocognitive models of human vision, reinforcing concepts from vision–language DNN models. The sensitivity of model–brain similarity to specific brain lesions demonstrates that leveraging the manipulation of the human brain is a promising framework for evaluating and developing brain-like computer models.
比较深度神经网络与人脑之间的信息结构已成为探索其异同的关键方法。最近的研究表明,视觉-语言DNN模型,如对比语言-图像预训练(CLIP),与人类腹侧枕颞叶皮层(VOTC)的活动相比,比早期的视觉模型更符合人类的视觉感知,支持语言调节人类视觉感知的观点。然而,由于深层神经网络的“黑箱”性质,从这种比较中解释结果本质上是有限的。在这里,我们将模型脑适应度分析与人类大脑损伤数据结合起来,研究视觉和语言系统之间的通信通路如何破坏视觉语言dnn解释VOTC活动的能力,以解决这个问题。在四个不同的数据集中,CLIP一致地捕获了VOTC神经表示的独特方差,相对于标签监督(ResNet)和无监督(MoCo)模型。这种优势在群体层面上倾向于左偏化,与人类的语言网络一致。对33例中风患者的分析显示,左角回中VOTC和语言区之间的白质完整性降低与CLIP-brain对应减少和MoCo-brain对应增加相关,表明语言处理对VOTC活动的动态影响。这些发现支持了语言调节在人类视觉神经认知模型中的整合,强化了视觉语言DNN模型中的概念。模型-脑相似性对特定脑病变的敏感性表明,利用人脑的操纵是评估和开发类脑计算机模型的一个有前途的框架。
{"title":"Combined evidence from artificial neural networks and human brain-lesion models reveals that language modulates vision in human perception","authors":"Haoyang Chen, Bo Liu, Shuyue Wang, Xiaosha Wang, Wenjuan Han, Xiaochun Wang, Yixin Zhu, Yanchao Bi","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02357-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02357-5","url":null,"abstract":"Comparing information structures in between deep neural networks (DNNs) and the human brain has become a key method for exploring their similarities and differences. Recent research has shown better alignment of vision–language DNN models, such as contrastive language–image pretraining (CLIP), with the activity of the human ventral occipitotemporal cortex (VOTC) than earlier vision models, supporting the idea that language modulates human visual perception. However, interpreting the results from such comparisons is inherently limited owing to the ‘black box’ nature of DNNs. Here we combine model–brain fitness analyses with human brain lesion data to examine how disrupting the communication pathway between the visual and language systems causally affects the ability of vision–language DNNs to explain the activity of the VOTC to address this. Across four diverse datasets, CLIP consistently captured unique variance in VOTC neural representations, relative to both label-supervised (ResNet) and unsupervised (MoCo) models. This advantage tended to be left-lateralized at the group level, aligning with the human language network. Analyses of 33 patients who experienced a stroke revealed that reduced white matter integrity between the VOTC and the language region in the left angular gyrus was correlated with decreased CLIP–brain correspondence and increased MoCo–brain correspondence, indicating a dynamic influence of language processing on the activity of the VOTC. These findings support the integration of language modulation in neurocognitive models of human vision, reinforcing concepts from vision–language DNN models. The sensitivity of model–brain similarity to specific brain lesions demonstrates that leveraging the manipulation of the human brain is a promising framework for evaluating and developing brain-like computer models.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implications of Australia’s under-16 social media ban 澳大利亚16岁以下社交媒体禁令的影响。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02378-0
Shin Ling Wu
{"title":"Implications of Australia’s under-16 social media ban","authors":"Shin Ling Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02378-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-025-02378-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 2","pages":"204-205"},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multimodal large language models can make context-sensitive hate speech evaluations aligned with human judgement 多模态大型语言模型可以使上下文敏感的仇恨言论评估与人类的判断一致
IF 29.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02360-w
Thomas Davidson
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) could enhance the accuracy of automated content moderation by integrating contextual information. This study examines how MLLMs evaluate hate speech through a series of conjoint experiments. Models are provided with a hate speech policy and shown simulated social media posts that systematically vary in slur usage, user demographics and other attributes. The decisions from MLLMs are benchmarked against judgements by human participants (n = 1,854). The results demonstrate that larger, more advanced models can make context-sensitive evaluations that are closely aligned with human judgement. However, pervasive demographic and lexical biases remain, particularly among smaller models. Further analyses show that context sensitivity can be amplified via prompting but not eliminated, and that some models are especially responsive to visual identity cues. These findings highlight the benefits and risks of using MLLMs for content moderation and demonstrate the utility of conjoint experiments for auditing artificial intelligence in complex, context-dependent applications.
多模态大语言模型(mllm)可以通过集成上下文信息来提高自动内容审核的准确性。本研究通过一系列联合实验考察传销经理如何评估仇恨言论。模型被提供了仇恨言论政策,并展示了模拟的社交媒体帖子,这些帖子在诽谤使用、用户人口统计和其他属性方面系统性地有所不同。mlms的决策与人类参与者的判断(n = 1,854)进行基准测试。结果表明,更大、更先进的模型可以做出与人类判断密切相关的上下文敏感评估。然而,普遍存在的人口统计和词汇偏见仍然存在,特别是在较小的模型中。进一步的分析表明,上下文敏感性可以通过提示放大,但不能消除,并且一些模型对视觉识别线索特别敏感。这些发现强调了使用mlm进行内容审核的好处和风险,并展示了联合实验在复杂的、依赖于上下文的应用程序中审计人工智能的实用性。
{"title":"Multimodal large language models can make context-sensitive hate speech evaluations aligned with human judgement","authors":"Thomas Davidson","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02360-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02360-w","url":null,"abstract":"Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) could enhance the accuracy of automated content moderation by integrating contextual information. This study examines how MLLMs evaluate hate speech through a series of conjoint experiments. Models are provided with a hate speech policy and shown simulated social media posts that systematically vary in slur usage, user demographics and other attributes. The decisions from MLLMs are benchmarked against judgements by human participants (n = 1,854). The results demonstrate that larger, more advanced models can make context-sensitive evaluations that are closely aligned with human judgement. However, pervasive demographic and lexical biases remain, particularly among smaller models. Further analyses show that context sensitivity can be amplified via prompting but not eliminated, and that some models are especially responsive to visual identity cues. These findings highlight the benefits and risks of using MLLMs for content moderation and demonstrate the utility of conjoint experiments for auditing artificial intelligence in complex, context-dependent applications.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Threats to democracy are threats to health 对民主的威胁就是对健康的威胁。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02377-1
Cason D. Schmit, Gogoal Falia, Philip Sanusi
Threats to democracy — such as voter suppression, misinformation and gerrymandering — interfere with voters’ ability to advance policies that serve their health interests. The result is a dangerous feedback cycle: barriers to democracy increase health vulnerability, which then compounds existing democratic barriers.
对民主的威胁——如选民压制、错误信息和不公正地划分选区——干扰了选民推进有利于其健康利益的政策的能力。其结果是一个危险的反馈循环:民主障碍增加了健康脆弱性,进而加剧了现有的民主障碍。
{"title":"Threats to democracy are threats to health","authors":"Cason D. Schmit, Gogoal Falia, Philip Sanusi","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02377-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-025-02377-1","url":null,"abstract":"Threats to democracy — such as voter suppression, misinformation and gerrymandering — interfere with voters’ ability to advance policies that serve their health interests. The result is a dangerous feedback cycle: barriers to democracy increase health vulnerability, which then compounds existing democratic barriers.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 2","pages":"222-224"},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145704513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Nature Human Behaviour
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1