Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01912-w
Bruno David, Russell Mullett, Nathan Wright, Birgitta Stephenson, Jeremy Ash, Joanna Fresløv, GunaiKurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation, Jean-Jacques Delannoy, Matthew C. McDowell, Jerome Mialanes, Fiona Petchey, Lee J. Arnold, Ashleigh J. Rogers, Joe Crouch, Helen Green, Chris Urwin, Carney D. Matheson
In societies without writing, ethnographically known rituals have rarely been tracked back archaeologically more than a few hundred years. At the invitation of GunaiKurnai Aboriginal Elders, we undertook archaeological excavations at Cloggs Cave in the foothills of the Australian Alps. In GunaiKurnai Country, caves were not used as residential places during the early colonial period (mid-nineteenth century CE), but as secluded retreats for the performance of rituals by Aboriginal medicine men and women known as ‘mulla-mullung’, as documented by ethnographers. Here we report the discovery of buried 11,000- and 12,000-year-old miniature fireplaces with protruding trimmed wooden artefacts made of Casuarina wood smeared with animal or human fat, matching the configuration and contents of GunaiKurnai ritual installations described in nineteenth-century ethnography. These findings represent 500 generations of cultural transmission of an ethnographically documented ritual practice that dates back to the end of the last ice age and that contains Australia’s oldest known wooden artefacts. Australian archaeological finds of 12,000-year-old fireplaces and artefacts match nineteenth-century GunaiKurnai ritual practices. They represent approximately 500 generations of cultural transmission of this ritual.
{"title":"Archaeological evidence of an ethnographically documented Australian Aboriginal ritual dated to the last ice age","authors":"Bruno David, Russell Mullett, Nathan Wright, Birgitta Stephenson, Jeremy Ash, Joanna Fresløv, GunaiKurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation, Jean-Jacques Delannoy, Matthew C. McDowell, Jerome Mialanes, Fiona Petchey, Lee J. Arnold, Ashleigh J. Rogers, Joe Crouch, Helen Green, Chris Urwin, Carney D. Matheson","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01912-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01912-w","url":null,"abstract":"In societies without writing, ethnographically known rituals have rarely been tracked back archaeologically more than a few hundred years. At the invitation of GunaiKurnai Aboriginal Elders, we undertook archaeological excavations at Cloggs Cave in the foothills of the Australian Alps. In GunaiKurnai Country, caves were not used as residential places during the early colonial period (mid-nineteenth century CE), but as secluded retreats for the performance of rituals by Aboriginal medicine men and women known as ‘mulla-mullung’, as documented by ethnographers. Here we report the discovery of buried 11,000- and 12,000-year-old miniature fireplaces with protruding trimmed wooden artefacts made of Casuarina wood smeared with animal or human fat, matching the configuration and contents of GunaiKurnai ritual installations described in nineteenth-century ethnography. These findings represent 500 generations of cultural transmission of an ethnographically documented ritual practice that dates back to the end of the last ice age and that contains Australia’s oldest known wooden artefacts. Australian archaeological finds of 12,000-year-old fireplaces and artefacts match nineteenth-century GunaiKurnai ritual practices. They represent approximately 500 generations of cultural transmission of this ritual.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01912-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01916-6
Elspeth Hayes
It is rare to formally identify ethnographically known rituals in the archaeological record that are more than a few hundred years old. David et al. report two buried miniature fireplaces from Cloggs Cave, southeastern Australia, that match the structure and contents of ethnographically known Australian Aboriginal rituals, which signals 500 generations of cultural tradition.
{"title":"Twelve thousand years of ritual practice","authors":"Elspeth Hayes","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01916-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01916-6","url":null,"abstract":"It is rare to formally identify ethnographically known rituals in the archaeological record that are more than a few hundred years old. David et al. report two buried miniature fireplaces from Cloggs Cave, southeastern Australia, that match the structure and contents of ethnographically known Australian Aboriginal rituals, which signals 500 generations of cultural tradition.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01890-z
Emergency medical services and emergency departments face strain from calls and visits about non-emergency medical issues. A randomized controlled trial now shows that nurse-led triage of calls about non-emergency medical issues can reduce strain on ambulance systems and emergency departments, while connecting callers with appropriate and timely primary care.
{"title":"A randomized controlled trial of nurse-led triage of 911 calls","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01890-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01890-z","url":null,"abstract":"Emergency medical services and emergency departments face strain from calls and visits about non-emergency medical issues. A randomized controlled trial now shows that nurse-led triage of calls about non-emergency medical issues can reduce strain on ambulance systems and emergency departments, while connecting callers with appropriate and timely primary care.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141462454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01921-9
Kevin H. Wilson, Rebecca A. Johnson, Chrysanthi Hatzimasoura, Robert P. Holman, Ryan T. Moore, David Yokum
{"title":"Publisher Correction: A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of nurse-led triage of 911 calls","authors":"Kevin H. Wilson, Rebecca A. Johnson, Chrysanthi Hatzimasoura, Robert P. Holman, Ryan T. Moore, David Yokum","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01921-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01921-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01921-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01895-8
Sunyoung Kim, Hayeon Lee, Jinseok Lee, Seung Won Lee, Rosie Kwon, Min Seo Kim, Ai Koyanagi, Lee Smith, Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer, Masoud Rahmati, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Elena Dragioti, Samuele Cortese, Ju-Young Shin, Ahhyung Choi, Hae Sun Suh, Sunmi Lee, Marco Solmi, Chanyang Min, Jae Il Shin, Dong Keon Yon, Paolo Fusar-Poli
We investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with short- and long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae. We used population-based cohorts from the Korean nationwide cohort (discovery; n = 10,027,506) and the Japanese claims-based cohort (validation; n = 12,218,680) to estimate the short-term (<30 days) and long-term (≥30 days) risks of neuropsychiatric outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with general population groups or external comparators (people with another respiratory infection). Using exposure-driven propensity score matching, we found that both the short- and long-term risks of developing neuropsychiatric sequelae were elevated in the discovery cohort compared with the general population and those with another respiratory infection. A range of conditions including Guillain-Barré syndrome, cognitive deficit, insomnia, anxiety disorder, encephalitis, ischaemic stroke and mood disorder exhibited a pronounced increase in long-term risk. Factors such as mild severity of COVID-19, increased vaccination against COVID-19 and heterologous vaccination were associated with reduced long-term risk of adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes. The time attenuation effect was the strongest during the first six months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and this risk remained statistically significant for up to one year in Korea but beyond one year in Japan. The associations observed were replicated in the validation cohort. Our findings contribute to the growing evidence base on long COVID by considering ethnic diversity. Using propensity score matching, Kim et al. find evidence of higher short- and long-term risk of adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes in Korean and Japanese cohorts of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 than in the general population.
{"title":"Short- and long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes in long COVID in South Korea and Japan","authors":"Sunyoung Kim, Hayeon Lee, Jinseok Lee, Seung Won Lee, Rosie Kwon, Min Seo Kim, Ai Koyanagi, Lee Smith, Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer, Masoud Rahmati, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Elena Dragioti, Samuele Cortese, Ju-Young Shin, Ahhyung Choi, Hae Sun Suh, Sunmi Lee, Marco Solmi, Chanyang Min, Jae Il Shin, Dong Keon Yon, Paolo Fusar-Poli","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01895-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01895-8","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with short- and long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae. We used population-based cohorts from the Korean nationwide cohort (discovery; n = 10,027,506) and the Japanese claims-based cohort (validation; n = 12,218,680) to estimate the short-term (<30 days) and long-term (≥30 days) risks of neuropsychiatric outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with general population groups or external comparators (people with another respiratory infection). Using exposure-driven propensity score matching, we found that both the short- and long-term risks of developing neuropsychiatric sequelae were elevated in the discovery cohort compared with the general population and those with another respiratory infection. A range of conditions including Guillain-Barré syndrome, cognitive deficit, insomnia, anxiety disorder, encephalitis, ischaemic stroke and mood disorder exhibited a pronounced increase in long-term risk. Factors such as mild severity of COVID-19, increased vaccination against COVID-19 and heterologous vaccination were associated with reduced long-term risk of adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes. The time attenuation effect was the strongest during the first six months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and this risk remained statistically significant for up to one year in Korea but beyond one year in Japan. The associations observed were replicated in the validation cohort. Our findings contribute to the growing evidence base on long COVID by considering ethnic diversity. Using propensity score matching, Kim et al. find evidence of higher short- and long-term risk of adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes in Korean and Japanese cohorts of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 than in the general population.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01878-9
Kelsey Allen, Franziska Brändle, Matthew Botvinick, Judith E. Fan, Samuel J. Gershman, Alison Gopnik, Thomas L. Griffiths, Joshua K. Hartshorne, Tobias U. Hauser, Mark K. Ho, Joshua R. de Leeuw, Wei Ji Ma, Kou Murayama, Jonathan D. Nelson, Bas van Opheusden, Thomas Pouncy, Janet Rafner, Iyad Rahwan, Robb B. Rutledge, Jacob Sherson, Özgür Şimşek, Hugo Spiers, Christopher Summerfield, Mirko Thalmann, Natalia Vélez, Andrew J. Watrous, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Eric Schulz
Board, card or video games have been played by virtually every individual in the world. Games are popular because they are intuitive and fun. These distinctive qualities of games also make them ideal for studying the mind. By being intuitive, games provide a unique vantage point for understanding the inductive biases that support behaviour in more complex, ecological settings than traditional laboratory experiments. By being fun, games allow researchers to study new questions in cognition such as the meaning of ‘play’ and intrinsic motivation, while also supporting more extensive and diverse data collection by attracting many more participants. We describe the advantages and drawbacks of using games relative to standard laboratory-based experiments and lay out a set of recommendations on how to gain the most from using games to study cognition. We hope this Perspective will lead to a wider use of games as experimental paradigms, elevating the ecological validity, scale and robustness of research on the mind. To study cognition, researchers have traditionally used laboratory-based experiments, but games offer a valuable alternative: they are intuitive and enjoyable. In this Perspective, Schulz et al. discuss the advantages and drawbacks of games and give recommendations for researchers.
{"title":"Using games to understand the mind","authors":"Kelsey Allen, Franziska Brändle, Matthew Botvinick, Judith E. Fan, Samuel J. Gershman, Alison Gopnik, Thomas L. Griffiths, Joshua K. Hartshorne, Tobias U. Hauser, Mark K. Ho, Joshua R. de Leeuw, Wei Ji Ma, Kou Murayama, Jonathan D. Nelson, Bas van Opheusden, Thomas Pouncy, Janet Rafner, Iyad Rahwan, Robb B. Rutledge, Jacob Sherson, Özgür Şimşek, Hugo Spiers, Christopher Summerfield, Mirko Thalmann, Natalia Vélez, Andrew J. Watrous, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Eric Schulz","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01878-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01878-9","url":null,"abstract":"Board, card or video games have been played by virtually every individual in the world. Games are popular because they are intuitive and fun. These distinctive qualities of games also make them ideal for studying the mind. By being intuitive, games provide a unique vantage point for understanding the inductive biases that support behaviour in more complex, ecological settings than traditional laboratory experiments. By being fun, games allow researchers to study new questions in cognition such as the meaning of ‘play’ and intrinsic motivation, while also supporting more extensive and diverse data collection by attracting many more participants. We describe the advantages and drawbacks of using games relative to standard laboratory-based experiments and lay out a set of recommendations on how to gain the most from using games to study cognition. We hope this Perspective will lead to a wider use of games as experimental paradigms, elevating the ecological validity, scale and robustness of research on the mind. To study cognition, researchers have traditionally used laboratory-based experiments, but games offer a valuable alternative: they are intuitive and enjoyable. In this Perspective, Schulz et al. discuss the advantages and drawbacks of games and give recommendations for researchers.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141436156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01915-7
Lisa A. Gennetian, Greg J. Duncan, Nathan A. Fox, Sarah Halpern-Meekin, Katherine Magnuson, Kimberly G. Noble, Hirokazu Yoshikawa
How does unconditional income for families in poverty affect parental investments for their young children? Mothers in four US metropolitan areas were randomized to receive a monthly unconditional cash transfer of either $333 per month (high) or $20 per month (low) for the first several years after childbirth. During the first 3 years, high-cash gift households spent more money on child-specific goods and more time on child-specific early learning activities than the low-cash gift group. Few changes were evident in other core household expenditures. Compared with low-cash gift families, high-cash gift families reported lower rates of public benefit receipt and fewer were residing in poverty, although mean income and wealth remain low for the majority of families by year 3. No statistically significant differences were evident in mothers’ participation in paid work, children’s time in childcare or mothers’ subjective wellbeing. In this randomized controlled trial, Gennetian et al. evaluated the impacts of cash transfers on family investments. Families with low income were randomized to receive monthly unconditional cash starting at childbirth. Households spent more money and time on child-specific goods and learning activities.
{"title":"Effects of a monthly unconditional cash transfer starting at birth on family investments among US families with low income","authors":"Lisa A. Gennetian, Greg J. Duncan, Nathan A. Fox, Sarah Halpern-Meekin, Katherine Magnuson, Kimberly G. Noble, Hirokazu Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01915-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01915-7","url":null,"abstract":"How does unconditional income for families in poverty affect parental investments for their young children? Mothers in four US metropolitan areas were randomized to receive a monthly unconditional cash transfer of either $333 per month (high) or $20 per month (low) for the first several years after childbirth. During the first 3 years, high-cash gift households spent more money on child-specific goods and more time on child-specific early learning activities than the low-cash gift group. Few changes were evident in other core household expenditures. Compared with low-cash gift families, high-cash gift families reported lower rates of public benefit receipt and fewer were residing in poverty, although mean income and wealth remain low for the majority of families by year 3. No statistically significant differences were evident in mothers’ participation in paid work, children’s time in childcare or mothers’ subjective wellbeing. In this randomized controlled trial, Gennetian et al. evaluated the impacts of cash transfers on family investments. Families with low income were randomized to receive monthly unconditional cash starting at childbirth. Households spent more money and time on child-specific goods and learning activities.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141436010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01908-6
Cole Korponay, Amy C. Janes, Blaise B. Frederick
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a central tool for investigating human brain function, organization and disease. Here, we show that fMRI-based estimates of functional brain connectivity artifactually inflate at spatially heterogeneous rates during resting-state and task-based scans. This produces false positive connection strength changes and spatial distortion of brain connectivity maps. We demonstrate that this artefact is driven by temporal inflation of the non-neuronal, systemic low-frequency oscillation (sLFO) blood flow signal during fMRI scanning and is not addressed by standard denoising procedures. We provide evidence that sLFO inflation reflects perturbations in cerebral blood flow by respiration and heart rate changes that accompany diminishing arousal during scanning, although the mechanisms of this pathway are uncertain. Finally, we show that adding a specialized sLFO denoising procedure to fMRI processing pipelines mitigates the artifactual inflation of functional connectivity, enhancing the validity and within-scan reliability of fMRI findings. Korponay et al. show that estimates of functional brain connectivity artifactually inflate over the course of resting-state and task-based fMRI scans.
{"title":"Brain-wide functional connectivity artifactually inflates throughout functional magnetic resonance imaging scans","authors":"Cole Korponay, Amy C. Janes, Blaise B. Frederick","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01908-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01908-6","url":null,"abstract":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a central tool for investigating human brain function, organization and disease. Here, we show that fMRI-based estimates of functional brain connectivity artifactually inflate at spatially heterogeneous rates during resting-state and task-based scans. This produces false positive connection strength changes and spatial distortion of brain connectivity maps. We demonstrate that this artefact is driven by temporal inflation of the non-neuronal, systemic low-frequency oscillation (sLFO) blood flow signal during fMRI scanning and is not addressed by standard denoising procedures. We provide evidence that sLFO inflation reflects perturbations in cerebral blood flow by respiration and heart rate changes that accompany diminishing arousal during scanning, although the mechanisms of this pathway are uncertain. Finally, we show that adding a specialized sLFO denoising procedure to fMRI processing pipelines mitigates the artifactual inflation of functional connectivity, enhancing the validity and within-scan reliability of fMRI findings. Korponay et al. show that estimates of functional brain connectivity artifactually inflate over the course of resting-state and task-based fMRI scans.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141425395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01905-9
Chao-Jie Ye, Dong Liu, Ming-Ling Chen, Li-Jie Kong, Chun Dou, Yi-Ying Wang, Min Xu, Yu Xu, Mian Li, Zhi-Yun Zhao, Rui-Zhi Zheng, Jie Zheng, Jie-Li Lu, Yu-Hong Chen, Guang Ning, Wei-Qing Wang, Yu-Fang Bi, Tian-Ge Wang
Mental well-being relates to multitudinous lifestyle behaviours and morbidities and underpins healthy aging. Thus far, causal evidence on whether and in what pattern mental well-being impacts healthy aging and the underlying mediating pathways is unknown. Applying genetic instruments of the well-being spectrum and its four dimensions including life satisfaction, positive affect, neuroticism and depressive symptoms (n = 80,852 to 2,370,390), we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to estimate the causal effect of mental well-being on the genetically independent phenotype of aging (aging-GIP), a robust and representative aging phenotype, and its components including resilience, self-rated health, healthspan, parental lifespan and longevity (n = 36,745 to 1,012,240). Analyses were adjusted for income, education and occupation. All the data were from the largest available genome-wide association studies in populations of European descent. Better mental well-being spectrum (each one Z-score higher) was causally associated with a higher aging-GIP (β [95% confidence interval (CI)] in different models ranging from 1.00 [0.82–1.18] to 1.07 [0.91–1.24] standard deviations (s.d.)) independent of socioeconomic indicators. Similar association patterns were seen for resilience (β [95% CI] ranging from 0.97 [0.82–1.12] to 1.04 [0.91–1.17] s.d.), self-rated health (0.61 [0.43–0.79] to 0.76 [0.59–0.93] points), healthspan (odds ratio [95% CI] ranging from 1.23 [1.02–1.48] to 1.35 [1.11–1.65]) and parental lifespan (1.77 [0.010–3.54] to 2.95 [1.13–4.76] years). Two-step Mendelian randomization mediation analyses identified 33 out of 106 candidates as mediators between the well-being spectrum and the aging-GIP: mainly lifestyles (for example, TV watching and smoking), behaviours (for example, medication use) and diseases (for example, heart failure, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, stroke, coronary atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease), each exhibiting a mediation proportion of >5%. These findings underscore the importance of mental well-being in promoting healthy aging and inform preventive targets for bridging aging disparities attributable to suboptimal mental health.
{"title":"Mendelian randomization evidence for the causal effect of mental well-being on healthy aging","authors":"Chao-Jie Ye, Dong Liu, Ming-Ling Chen, Li-Jie Kong, Chun Dou, Yi-Ying Wang, Min Xu, Yu Xu, Mian Li, Zhi-Yun Zhao, Rui-Zhi Zheng, Jie Zheng, Jie-Li Lu, Yu-Hong Chen, Guang Ning, Wei-Qing Wang, Yu-Fang Bi, Tian-Ge Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01905-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01905-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mental well-being relates to multitudinous lifestyle behaviours and morbidities and underpins healthy aging. Thus far, causal evidence on whether and in what pattern mental well-being impacts healthy aging and the underlying mediating pathways is unknown. Applying genetic instruments of the well-being spectrum and its four dimensions including life satisfaction, positive affect, neuroticism and depressive symptoms (<i>n</i> = 80,852 to 2,370,390), we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to estimate the causal effect of mental well-being on the genetically independent phenotype of aging (aging-GIP), a robust and representative aging phenotype, and its components including resilience, self-rated health, healthspan, parental lifespan and longevity (<i>n</i> = 36,745 to 1,012,240). Analyses were adjusted for income, education and occupation. All the data were from the largest available genome-wide association studies in populations of European descent. Better mental well-being spectrum (each one <i>Z</i>-score higher) was causally associated with a higher aging-GIP (<i>β</i> [95% confidence interval (CI)] in different models ranging from 1.00 [0.82–1.18] to 1.07 [0.91–1.24] standard deviations (s.d.)) independent of socioeconomic indicators. Similar association patterns were seen for resilience (<i>β</i> [95% CI] ranging from 0.97 [0.82–1.12] to 1.04 [0.91–1.17] s.d.), self-rated health (0.61 [0.43–0.79] to 0.76 [0.59–0.93] points), healthspan (odds ratio [95% CI] ranging from 1.23 [1.02–1.48] to 1.35 [1.11–1.65]) and parental lifespan (1.77 [0.010–3.54] to 2.95 [1.13–4.76] years). Two-step Mendelian randomization mediation analyses identified 33 out of 106 candidates as mediators between the well-being spectrum and the aging-GIP: mainly lifestyles (for example, TV watching and smoking), behaviours (for example, medication use) and diseases (for example, heart failure, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, stroke, coronary atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease), each exhibiting a mediation proportion of >5%. These findings underscore the importance of mental well-being in promoting healthy aging and inform preventive targets for bridging aging disparities attributable to suboptimal mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141334222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01896-7
Staci Meredith Weiss, Ezra Aydin, Sarah Lloyd-Fox, Mark H. Johnson
Birth is often seen as the starting point for studying effects of the environment on human development, with much research focused on the capacities of young infants. However, recent imaging advances have revealed that the complex behaviours of the fetus and the uterine environment exert influence. Birth is now viewed as a punctuate event along a developmental pathway of increasing autonomy of the child from their mother. Here we highlight (1) increasing physiological autonomy and perceptual sensitivity in the fetus, (2) physiological and neurochemical processes associated with birth that influence future behaviour, (3) the recalibration of motor and sensory systems in the newborn to adapt to the world outside the womb and (4) the effect of the prenatal environment on later infant behaviours and brain function. Taken together, these lines of evidence move us beyond nature–nurture issues to a developmental human lifespan view beginning within the womb. Recent advances in imaging reveal that birth is a punctuate event in the development of brain and behaviour, which begins in the womb and continues in infancy. Meredith Weiss et al. review our understanding of this developmental trajectory based on current knowledge.
{"title":"Trajectories of brain and behaviour development in the womb, at birth and through infancy","authors":"Staci Meredith Weiss, Ezra Aydin, Sarah Lloyd-Fox, Mark H. Johnson","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01896-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01896-7","url":null,"abstract":"Birth is often seen as the starting point for studying effects of the environment on human development, with much research focused on the capacities of young infants. However, recent imaging advances have revealed that the complex behaviours of the fetus and the uterine environment exert influence. Birth is now viewed as a punctuate event along a developmental pathway of increasing autonomy of the child from their mother. Here we highlight (1) increasing physiological autonomy and perceptual sensitivity in the fetus, (2) physiological and neurochemical processes associated with birth that influence future behaviour, (3) the recalibration of motor and sensory systems in the newborn to adapt to the world outside the womb and (4) the effect of the prenatal environment on later infant behaviours and brain function. Taken together, these lines of evidence move us beyond nature–nurture issues to a developmental human lifespan view beginning within the womb. Recent advances in imaging reveal that birth is a punctuate event in the development of brain and behaviour, which begins in the womb and continues in infancy. Meredith Weiss et al. review our understanding of this developmental trajectory based on current knowledge.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141333526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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