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Indecision and recency-weighted evidence integration in non-clinical and clinical settings 非临床和临床环境中的优柔寡断和新近加权证据整合
IF 29.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02385-1
Magdalena del Río, Nadescha Trudel, Gita Prabhu, Laurence T. Hunt, Michael Moutoussis, Raymond J. Dolan, Tobias U. Hauser
Biases in information gathering are common in the general population and reach pathological extremes in paralysing indecisiveness, as in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Here we adopt a new perspective on information gathering and demonstrate an information integration bias whereby there is over-weighting of most recent information via evidence strength updates (ΔES). In a crowd-sourced sample (N = 5,237), we find that a reduced ΔES weighting drives indecisiveness along an obsessive–compulsive spectrum. We replicate this attenuated ΔES weighting in a second lab-based study (N = 105) that includes a transdiagnostic obsessive–compulsive spectrum encompassing OCD and generalized anxiety patients. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we trace ΔES signals to a late neural signal peaking at ~920 ms. Critically, highly obsessive–compulsive participants, across diagnoses, show an attenuated neural ΔES signal in mediofrontal areas, while other decision-relevant processes remain intact. Our findings establish biased information weighting as a driver of information gathering, where attenuated ΔES is linked to indecisiveness across an obsessive–compulsive spectrum.
信息收集中的偏见在一般人群中很常见,并且在瘫痪的优柔寡断中达到病理极端,如强迫症(OCD)。在这里,我们采用了一种新的信息收集视角,并展示了一种信息整合偏差,即通过证据强度更新对最新信息进行了过度加权(ΔES)。在一个众包样本(N = 5,237)中,我们发现ΔES权重降低会导致强迫症谱系中的优柔寡断。我们在第二项基于实验室的研究(N = 105)中重复了这种减弱的ΔES权重,该研究包括包括强迫症和广泛性焦虑患者的跨诊断强迫症谱系。使用脑磁图(MEG),我们将ΔES信号追踪到约920 ms的晚期神经信号峰值。关键的是,在诊断过程中,高度强迫症的参与者在中额叶区域显示出减弱的神经ΔES信号,而其他与决策相关的过程保持完整。我们的研究结果表明,偏倚的信息权重是信息收集的驱动因素,其中减弱的ΔES与强迫症谱系中的优柔寡断有关。
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引用次数: 0
Evidence for the representation of non-hierarchical structures in language 语言中非层级结构表征的证据
IF 29.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02387-z
Yngwie A. Nielsen, Morten H. Christiansen
A long-standing assumption in the language sciences is that the mental representation of language is based on constituents—that is, hierarchical structures rooted in grammar. We provide evidence from English for a more basic kind of linguistic representation involving smaller, linear chunks of structure akin to sequences of parts-of-speech elements—such as VERB PREPOSITION DETERMINER shared between the strings added to a and defined by the. Across four preregistered phrasal decision experiments (total N = 497), we show that it is possible to prime such linear structures, even in the absence of constituents. In two additional corpus analyses of eye-tracked reading (N = 68) and conversation (N = 358), we establish the external validity of the effect. These results provide evidence of multiword language structures that are not explainable in terms of constituents as traditionally construed. This poses a challenge for accounts of linguistic representation, including generative and constructionist approaches.
语言科学中一个长期存在的假设是,语言的心理表征是基于成分的,也就是说,植根于语法的层次结构。我们从英语中提供了一种更基本的语言表示的证据,这种语言表示涉及更小的线性结构块,类似于词性元素的序列,例如动词介词限定词,在添加到a的字符串和由the定义的字符串之间共享。通过四个预先注册的短语决策实验(总N = 497),我们表明,即使在没有成分的情况下,也有可能启动这样的线性结构。在另外两个眼动阅读(N = 68)和会话(N = 358)语料库分析中,我们建立了该效应的外部效度。这些结果提供了多词语言结构的证据,这些结构不能用传统解释的成分来解释。这对语言表征的研究提出了挑战,包括生成和构造方法。
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引用次数: 0
Population attributable fractions of a wide range of peripheral diseases for the burden of dementia. 人口归因分数的范围广泛的周围疾病为痴呆的负担。
IF 29.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02392-2
Zhenhong Deng,Yuxin Yang,Queran Lin,Songhua Xiao,You Zuo,Jinyuan Wang,Yongteng Xu,Honghong Li,Dongshu Xie,Qingyuan Dai,Junfeng Luo,Dame Louise Robinson,Naaheed Mukadam,Yamei Tang
Growing evidence suggests that peripheral diseases serve as risk factors for dementia, but the population-level burden of dementia associated with various peripheral diseases has remained unknown. Here, by conducting a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analyses to estimate the relative risks of 26 peripheral diseases across 9 systems with dementia, including 202 articles searched from the PubMed until 6 September 2024, we identified 16 peripheral diseases as associated with increased risk of dementia. With the relative risks estimated from meta-analyses, prevalences extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study, and communalities among these 16 peripheral diseases derived from the UK Biobank, we analysed the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of these 16 peripheral diseases for dementia, stratified by sex, age, sociodemographic index level, world region and country, and trends from 1990 to 2021. Globally, these peripheral diseases collectively were related to a combined PAF of 33.18% (95% confidence interval (CI) 16.80-48.43) of dementia burden, corresponding to 18.8 million prevalent cases. The leading ten PAF contributors were periodontal diseases (6.10%, 95% CI 0.95-10.28), cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases (5.51%, 95% CI 1.77-8.86), age-related and other hearing loss (4.70%, 95% CI 3.51-6.06), blindness and vision loss (4.30%, 95% CI 3.43-5.05), type 2 diabetes mellitus (3.80%, 95% CI 3.06-4.53), chronic kidney disease (2.74%, 95% CI 1.53-4.02), osteoarthritis (2.26%, 95% CI 0.41-4.12), stroke (1.01%, 95% CI 0.86-1.17), ischaemic heart disease (0.97%, 95% CI 0.69-1.29) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.92%, 95% CI 0.34-1.54). This study revealed that a series of peripheral diseases were associated with increased risk of dementia and collectively were related to about one-third of the global dementia burden, highlighting the need for targeted public health strategies.
越来越多的证据表明外周疾病是痴呆症的危险因素,但与各种外周疾病相关的痴呆症的人口水平负担仍然未知。在这里,通过进行系统回顾和贝叶斯荟萃分析来估计9个痴呆系统中26种外周疾病的相对风险,包括从PubMed检索到的202篇文章,截至2024年9月6日,我们确定了16种外周疾病与痴呆风险增加相关。通过meta分析估计的相对风险、全球疾病负担研究中提取的患病率以及来自英国生物银行的这16种外周疾病的社区,我们分析了这16种外周疾病对痴呆的人口归因分数(paf),按性别、年龄、社会人口指数水平、世界地区和国家分层,以及1990年至2021年的趋势。在全球范围内,这些外周疾病总共与33.18%(95%置信区间(CI) 16.80-48.43)的痴呆负担相关,相当于1880万例流行病例。导致PAF的前十大原因是牙周病(6.10%,95% CI 0.95-10.28)、肝硬化和其他慢性肝病(5.51%,95% CI 1.77-8.86)、年龄相关和其他听力损失(4.70%,95% CI 3.51-6.06)、失明和视力丧失(4.30%,95% CI 3.43-5.05)、2型糖尿病(3.80%,95% CI 3.06-4.53)、慢性肾病(2.74%,95% CI 1.53-4.02)、骨关节炎(2.26%,95% CI 0.41-4.12)、中风(1.01%,95% CI 0.86-1.17)、缺血性心脏病(0.97%,95% CI 0.69-1.29)和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(0.92%,95% CI 0.34-1.54)。这项研究表明,一系列外周疾病与痴呆症风险增加有关,并与全球痴呆症负担的约三分之一有关,这突出了制定有针对性的公共卫生战略的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Ancient DNA and isotope data reflect social diversity in an Eastern Zhou cemetery. 古代DNA和同位素数据反映了东周墓园的社会多样性。
IF 29.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02364-6
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引用次数: 0
Retraction Note: Arrests and convictions but not sentence length deter terrorism in 28 European Union member states. 撤回注:在28个欧盟成员国中,逮捕和定罪(而非刑期)可以阻止恐怖主义。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02393-1
Michael Wolfowicz, Gian Maria Campedelli, Amber Seaward, Paul Gill
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引用次数: 0
Imputations, inverse hyperbolic sines and impossible values 计算,反双曲正弦和不可能值
IF 29.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02347-7
Jack Fitzgerald
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引用次数: 0
Distinctive places make memories stick 独特的地方会让人留下深刻的记忆。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02372-6
Wilma A. Bainbridge
Although navigation and memory are known to be linked in the brain, it is still unknown how a location affects our memory for the objects within it. In an ambitious study that merges virtual reality and brain imaging, Masís-Obando and colleagues discover that places that elicit more stable brain patterns boost the memory for objects put in those places.
虽然我们知道导航和记忆在大脑中是有联系的,但我们仍然不知道一个位置是如何影响我们对其中物体的记忆的。在一项将虚拟现实和脑成像结合起来的雄心勃勃的研究中,Masís-Obando和同事们发现,引发更稳定的大脑模式的地方会提高对放置在这些地方的物体的记忆。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial contexts with reliable neural representations support reinstatement of subsequently placed objects 具有可靠神经表征的空间背景支持随后放置的物体的恢复。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02379-z
Rolando Masís-Obando, Kenneth A. Norman, Christopher Baldassano
What are the neural properties that make spatial contexts effective scaffolds for storing and accessing memories? Here we hypothesized that spatial locations with stable and distinctive (that is, reliable) neural representations would best support memory for new experiences. To test this, participants learned the layout of a custom-built 23-room virtual reality ‘memory palace’ that they explored using a head-mounted display. The next day, participants underwent whole-brain fMRI while watching videos of the rooms, allowing us to measure the reliability of the neural activity pattern associated with each room. Participants then returned to virtual reality to encode 23 objects placed in each of the 23 rooms and later recalled the rooms and objects during fMRI. We found that our room reliability measure (computed before encoding) predicted object reinstatement during recall across cortex; this was driven not only by group-level reliability across participants but also by idiosyncratic reliability within participants. Moreover, this effect did not arise through enhanced retrieval of reliable rooms during recall, because the relationship between reliability and object reinstatement remained significant when controlling for room reinstatement during retrieval; this suggests that, instead, room reliability promotes improved binding of rooms to objects at encoding. Together, these results showcase how the quality of the neural representation of a spatial context can be quantified and used to ‘audit’ its utility as a memory scaffold for future experiences. This study shows that spatial contexts with more reliable brain representations better support memory for future experiences within them, revealing how stable neural maps help the brain organize and recall life events.
是什么神经特性使空间环境成为存储和获取记忆的有效支架?在这里,我们假设具有稳定和独特(即可靠)神经表征的空间位置最能支持对新体验的记忆。为了验证这一点,参与者通过头戴式显示器了解了一个定制的23个房间的虚拟现实“记忆宫殿”的布局。第二天,参与者在观看房间视频的同时接受了全脑功能磁共振成像,这使我们能够测量与每个房间相关的神经活动模式的可靠性。然后,参与者回到虚拟现实中,对放置在23个房间中的23个物体进行编码,然后在功能磁共振成像中回忆房间和物体。我们发现,我们的房间可靠性测量(编码前计算)预测了大脑皮层回忆过程中的物体恢复;这不仅是由参与者群体层面的可靠性驱动的,也是由参与者内部的特殊可靠性驱动的。此外,这种效应并没有通过在回忆过程中增强对可靠房间的检索而产生,因为在检索过程中控制房间恢复时,可靠性和物体恢复之间的关系仍然显著;这表明,相反,房间可靠性促进了在编码时房间与对象的更好的绑定。总之,这些结果展示了如何量化空间环境的神经表征的质量,并用于“审核”其作为未来经验的记忆支架的效用。
{"title":"Spatial contexts with reliable neural representations support reinstatement of subsequently placed objects","authors":"Rolando Masís-Obando, Kenneth A. Norman, Christopher Baldassano","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02379-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-025-02379-z","url":null,"abstract":"What are the neural properties that make spatial contexts effective scaffolds for storing and accessing memories? Here we hypothesized that spatial locations with stable and distinctive (that is, reliable) neural representations would best support memory for new experiences. To test this, participants learned the layout of a custom-built 23-room virtual reality ‘memory palace’ that they explored using a head-mounted display. The next day, participants underwent whole-brain fMRI while watching videos of the rooms, allowing us to measure the reliability of the neural activity pattern associated with each room. Participants then returned to virtual reality to encode 23 objects placed in each of the 23 rooms and later recalled the rooms and objects during fMRI. We found that our room reliability measure (computed before encoding) predicted object reinstatement during recall across cortex; this was driven not only by group-level reliability across participants but also by idiosyncratic reliability within participants. Moreover, this effect did not arise through enhanced retrieval of reliable rooms during recall, because the relationship between reliability and object reinstatement remained significant when controlling for room reinstatement during retrieval; this suggests that, instead, room reliability promotes improved binding of rooms to objects at encoding. Together, these results showcase how the quality of the neural representation of a spatial context can be quantified and used to ‘audit’ its utility as a memory scaffold for future experiences. This study shows that spatial contexts with more reliable brain representations better support memory for future experiences within them, revealing how stable neural maps help the brain organize and recall life events.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 1","pages":"164-181"},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-025-02379-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of well-being-focused interventions. 以健康为中心的干预措施的随机对照试验的系统回顾和网络荟萃分析。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02369-1
Lowri Wilkie, Zoe Fisher, Antonia Geidel, Isabel Goodall, Shannon Kamil, Elen Davies, Andrew Haddon Kemp

Improving population well-being is increasingly recognized as a global priority, yet evidence on the comparative effectiveness of well-being-focused interventions in adults is fragmented. Here we conduct a preregistered systematic review and network meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42023403480) of randomized controlled trials evaluating well-being interventions in adults without diagnosed conditions. Searches of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL and Scopus (to March 2023) identified 183 trials (n = 22,811). Interventions included mindfulness-based, compassion-based, acceptance and commitment therapy and positive psychology interventions, as well as exercise, yoga, educational, nature-based programmes and combined exercise-psychological approaches. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2, and data were synthesized using random-effects network meta-analysis. Most interventions improved well-being compared with inactive controls. Combined exercise-psychological interventions produced the largest effect (standardized mean difference of 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.27 to 1.20). Mindfulness, compassion, single positive psychology, yoga and exercise interventions demonstrated moderate, consistent effects (standardized mean difference of 0.41-0.49), with no significant differences between interventions. Nature-based interventions were not significantly more effective than controls, but evidence was limited by conceptual and methodological heterogeneity. Risk of bias was frequently moderate to high, and funnel plot asymmetry suggested potential publication bias. However, multiple sensitivity analyses (including grey literature, excluding studies with high risk of bias and small studies) supported the robustness of overall conclusions. Most comparisons (71%) were rated as moderate in certainty of evidence using CINEMA. These findings provide an integrated synthesis of the well-being intervention literature and highlight priority areas for future interdisciplinary, methodologically robust research. No external funding was received.

改善人口福祉日益被认为是一项全球优先事项,然而,关于以福祉为重点的成人干预措施的相对有效性的证据并不完整。在这里,我们对随机对照试验进行了预注册的系统回顾和网络荟萃分析(PROSPERO CRD42023403480),以评估无诊断疾病成人的福祉干预措施。MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL和Scopus检索(截至2023年3月)确定了183项试验(n = 22,811)。干预措施包括以正念为基础的、以同情为基础的、接受和承诺治疗和积极心理学干预,以及锻炼、瑜伽、教育、以自然为基础的项目和锻炼-心理学相结合的方法。使用RoB 2评估偏倚风险,并使用随机效应网络meta分析综合数据。与不活跃的对照组相比,大多数干预措施改善了幸福感。运动-心理联合干预效果最大(标准化平均差为0.73,95%可信区间为0.27 ~ 1.20)。正念、同情、单一积极心理、瑜伽和运动干预表现出中等、一致的效果(标准化平均差异为0.41-0.49),干预之间无显著差异。基于自然的干预措施并不明显比对照组更有效,但证据受到概念和方法异质性的限制。偏倚风险通常为中高,漏斗图不对称提示潜在的发表偏倚。然而,多重敏感性分析(包括灰色文献,排除高偏倚风险的研究和小型研究)支持总体结论的稳健性。大多数比较(71%)在使用CINEMA的证据确定性中被评为中等。这些发现提供了福祉干预文献的综合,并突出了未来跨学科、方法学上强有力的研究的优先领域。没有收到外部资金。
{"title":"A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of well-being-focused interventions.","authors":"Lowri Wilkie, Zoe Fisher, Antonia Geidel, Isabel Goodall, Shannon Kamil, Elen Davies, Andrew Haddon Kemp","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02369-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02369-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improving population well-being is increasingly recognized as a global priority, yet evidence on the comparative effectiveness of well-being-focused interventions in adults is fragmented. Here we conduct a preregistered systematic review and network meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42023403480) of randomized controlled trials evaluating well-being interventions in adults without diagnosed conditions. Searches of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL and Scopus (to March 2023) identified 183 trials (n = 22,811). Interventions included mindfulness-based, compassion-based, acceptance and commitment therapy and positive psychology interventions, as well as exercise, yoga, educational, nature-based programmes and combined exercise-psychological approaches. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2, and data were synthesized using random-effects network meta-analysis. Most interventions improved well-being compared with inactive controls. Combined exercise-psychological interventions produced the largest effect (standardized mean difference of 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.27 to 1.20). Mindfulness, compassion, single positive psychology, yoga and exercise interventions demonstrated moderate, consistent effects (standardized mean difference of 0.41-0.49), with no significant differences between interventions. Nature-based interventions were not significantly more effective than controls, but evidence was limited by conceptual and methodological heterogeneity. Risk of bias was frequently moderate to high, and funnel plot asymmetry suggested potential publication bias. However, multiple sensitivity analyses (including grey literature, excluding studies with high risk of bias and small studies) supported the robustness of overall conclusions. Most comparisons (71%) were rated as moderate in certainty of evidence using CINEMA. These findings provide an integrated synthesis of the well-being intervention literature and highlight priority areas for future interdisciplinary, methodologically robust research. No external funding was received.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How to change research culture with participatory workshops. 如何用参与式研讨会改变研究文化。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02391-3
Anne E Urai, Anna van 't Veer, Eiko I Fried, Clare Kelly
{"title":"How to change research culture with participatory workshops.","authors":"Anne E Urai, Anna van 't Veer, Eiko I Fried, Clare Kelly","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02391-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02391-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Nature Human Behaviour
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