Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00704-y
Guochen Bao, Renren Deng, Dayong Jin, Xiaogang Liu
Triplet states have been widely studied in phosphorescent molecules, lanthanide complexes and triplet–triplet annihilation systems, in which they have a critical role in energy transfer processes. However, advances have also shed light on their importance in organic–inorganic hybrid materials, wherein they can be used for decoding energy transfer mechanisms, enhancing interfacial energy transfer and attaining new properties. In this Review, we provide an overview of triplet properties, activation strategies and regulatory approaches. Our focus is on their crucial contribution to organic–inorganic hybrids, including inorganic semiconductor-sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation, the utilization of triplet reservoirs for thermally activated delayed photoluminescence, singlet exciton fission-induced silicon sensitization, dye-triplet-mediated upconversion nanoparticles, and other triplet systems. We discuss potential applications, exciting challenges, and opportunities for the advancement of triplet-mediated organic–inorganic hybrid materials. Triplet states are crucial for enhancing interfacial energy transfer and enabling the development of organic–inorganic hybrid materials with improved properties. This Review examines the properties of triplet states, strategies for controlling these ‘hidden’ states, their role in interfacial energy transfer, and the associated challenges and future opportunities.
{"title":"Hidden triplet states at hybrid organic–inorganic interfaces","authors":"Guochen Bao, Renren Deng, Dayong Jin, Xiaogang Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00704-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00704-y","url":null,"abstract":"Triplet states have been widely studied in phosphorescent molecules, lanthanide complexes and triplet–triplet annihilation systems, in which they have a critical role in energy transfer processes. However, advances have also shed light on their importance in organic–inorganic hybrid materials, wherein they can be used for decoding energy transfer mechanisms, enhancing interfacial energy transfer and attaining new properties. In this Review, we provide an overview of triplet properties, activation strategies and regulatory approaches. Our focus is on their crucial contribution to organic–inorganic hybrids, including inorganic semiconductor-sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation, the utilization of triplet reservoirs for thermally activated delayed photoluminescence, singlet exciton fission-induced silicon sensitization, dye-triplet-mediated upconversion nanoparticles, and other triplet systems. We discuss potential applications, exciting challenges, and opportunities for the advancement of triplet-mediated organic–inorganic hybrid materials. Triplet states are crucial for enhancing interfacial energy transfer and enabling the development of organic–inorganic hybrid materials with improved properties. This Review examines the properties of triplet states, strategies for controlling these ‘hidden’ states, their role in interfacial energy transfer, and the associated challenges and future opportunities.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":"28-43"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141768520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00710-0
Charlotte Allard
An article in Science presents a sustainable biomass-derived material for efficient passive radiative cooling.
科学》杂志上的一篇文章介绍了一种用于高效被动辐射冷却的可持续生物质衍生材料。
{"title":"A biomass-derived material for passive radiative cooling","authors":"Charlotte Allard","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00710-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00710-0","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Science presents a sustainable biomass-derived material for efficient passive radiative cooling.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 8","pages":"534-534"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141764078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00709-7
Sunjie Ye
An article in Nature Communications presents a synthetic biodegradable void-forming hydrogel that supports in vitro formation of 3D networks from human primary cells for bone-on-a-chip applications.
{"title":"3D cell networks advance bone-on-a-chip","authors":"Sunjie Ye","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00709-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00709-7","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Communications presents a synthetic biodegradable void-forming hydrogel that supports in vitro formation of 3D networks from human primary cells for bone-on-a-chip applications.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 8","pages":"532-532"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141755015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00707-9
Joya A. Cooley, Mojgan Sami
‘Cool’ pigments are a potential rapid mitigation strategy for urban areas that experience excessive heat. The impacts of this technology extend beyond infrastructure to moderate public health risks of excessive heat in vulnerable neighbourhoods. Broadly, team science and interdisciplinary collaboration are key to addressing society’s urgent issues, including climate change.
{"title":"Cool pigments as an urban heat island mitigation strategy for population health","authors":"Joya A. Cooley, Mojgan Sami","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00707-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00707-9","url":null,"abstract":"‘Cool’ pigments are a potential rapid mitigation strategy for urban areas that experience excessive heat. The impacts of this technology extend beyond infrastructure to moderate public health risks of excessive heat in vulnerable neighbourhoods. Broadly, team science and interdisciplinary collaboration are key to addressing society’s urgent issues, including climate change.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 9","pages":"601-602"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00698-7
Thanks to improved control of device fabrication and an expanding characterization toolbox, moiré materials stay in the spotlight as we discover more about the unique phenomena they realize.
{"title":"Moiré materials keep on giving","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00698-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00698-7","url":null,"abstract":"Thanks to improved control of device fabrication and an expanding characterization toolbox, moiré materials stay in the spotlight as we discover more about the unique phenomena they realize.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 7","pages":"451-451"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-024-00698-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00700-2
Giulia Pacchioni
An article in Advanced Materials shows that the moiré superlattice in a ferromagnetic heterostructure comprising a twisted WS2/WS2 bilayer enhances the spin–orbit torque efficiency and increases its gate tunability.
{"title":"A new twist on spin–orbit torques","authors":"Giulia Pacchioni","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00700-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00700-2","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Advanced Materials shows that the moiré superlattice in a ferromagnetic heterostructure comprising a twisted WS2/WS2 bilayer enhances the spin–orbit torque efficiency and increases its gate tunability.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 7","pages":"453-453"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00701-1
Giulia Pacchioni
An article in Nature Communications reports the identification of two non-volatile spin textures in twisted double-bilayer CrI3, which can be switched by a magnetic field and read out via electrical measurements.
{"title":"Switching moiré magnets","authors":"Giulia Pacchioni","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00701-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00701-1","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Communications reports the identification of two non-volatile spin textures in twisted double-bilayer CrI3, which can be switched by a magnetic field and read out via electrical measurements.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 7","pages":"454-454"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00699-6
Giulia Pacchioni
A paper in the Journal of Applied Physics reports a way to apply strain to two-dimensional devices while measuring simultaneously their electrical and optical properties.
应用物理学杂志》（Journal of Applied Physics）上的一篇论文报告了一种在二维设备上施加应变，同时测量其电气和光学特性的方法。
{"title":"Moiré materials under strain","authors":"Giulia Pacchioni","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00699-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00699-6","url":null,"abstract":"A paper in the Journal of Applied Physics reports a way to apply strain to two-dimensional devices while measuring simultaneously their electrical and optical properties.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 7","pages":"452-452"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00695-w
Jingjing Gao, Ziting (Judy) Xia, Swetharajan Gunasekar, Christopher Jiang, Jeffrey M. Karp, Nitin Joshi
Development of novel therapies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders has experienced a high failure rate in clinical trials owing to unsatisfactory efficacy and adverse effects. One of the major reasons for limited therapeutic efficacy is the poor penetration of drugs across the blood–brain barrier. Despite the development of multiple drug delivery platforms, the overall drug accumulation in the brain remains sub-optimal. Another critical but overlooked factor is achieving precision delivery to a specific region and cell type in the brain. This specificity is crucial because most neurological disorders exhibit region-specific vulnerabilities. Multiple trials have failed owing to adverse CNS effects induced by nonspecific drug targeting. In this Review, we highlight the key regions and cell types that should be targeted in different CNS diseases. We discuss how physiological barriers and disease-mediated changes in the blood–brain barrier and the overall brain can impact the precision delivery of therapeutics via the systemic route. We then perform a systematic analysis of the current state-of-the-art approaches developed to overcome these barriers and achieve precision targeting at different levels. Finally, we discuss potential approaches to accelerate the development of precision delivery systems and outline the challenges and future research directions. The development of therapeutics for central nervous system disorders suffers from high failure rates owing to poor blood–brain barrier penetration and lack of targeted delivery. This Review discusses how nanoparticles can help to overcome these challenges to enable precision targeting of the brain for different central nervous system diseases.
{"title":"Precision drug delivery to the central nervous system using engineered nanoparticles","authors":"Jingjing Gao, Ziting (Judy) Xia, Swetharajan Gunasekar, Christopher Jiang, Jeffrey M. Karp, Nitin Joshi","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00695-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00695-w","url":null,"abstract":"Development of novel therapies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders has experienced a high failure rate in clinical trials owing to unsatisfactory efficacy and adverse effects. One of the major reasons for limited therapeutic efficacy is the poor penetration of drugs across the blood–brain barrier. Despite the development of multiple drug delivery platforms, the overall drug accumulation in the brain remains sub-optimal. Another critical but overlooked factor is achieving precision delivery to a specific region and cell type in the brain. This specificity is crucial because most neurological disorders exhibit region-specific vulnerabilities. Multiple trials have failed owing to adverse CNS effects induced by nonspecific drug targeting. In this Review, we highlight the key regions and cell types that should be targeted in different CNS diseases. We discuss how physiological barriers and disease-mediated changes in the blood–brain barrier and the overall brain can impact the precision delivery of therapeutics via the systemic route. We then perform a systematic analysis of the current state-of-the-art approaches developed to overcome these barriers and achieve precision targeting at different levels. Finally, we discuss potential approaches to accelerate the development of precision delivery systems and outline the challenges and future research directions. The development of therapeutics for central nervous system disorders suffers from high failure rates owing to poor blood–brain barrier penetration and lack of targeted delivery. This Review discusses how nanoparticles can help to overcome these challenges to enable precision targeting of the brain for different central nervous system diseases.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 8","pages":"567-588"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141453152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1038/s41578-024-00696-9
Blanca Belsa, Lu Xia, Viktoria Golovanova, Bárbara Polesso, Adrián Pinilla-Sánchez, Lara San Martín, Jiaye Ye, Cao-Thang Dinh, F. Pelayo García de Arquer
CO2 electroreduction (CO2E) is one promising strategy towards decarbonization, offering a path to produce widely used chemicals such as fuels or manufacturing feedstocks using renewable energy and waste CO2 (as opposed to fossil fuels). CO2E performance at the laboratory scale is advancing quickly, including ongoing scale-up and industrialization efforts. To address global CO2 emissions (~37 Gt per year), CO2 electrolysers and components, as well as upstream and downstream associated technologies, must be deployed at the gigawatt scale. This entails considerable challenges beyond performance, such as resource availability, deployment readability and end-of-life system management, which are today overlooked. In this Review, we analyse the impending resource challenges as CO2E deployment approaches gigatonne scale, considering a life cycle assessment focused on the associated materials and their corresponding global warming impact. We identify scalability bottlenecks related to membranes, electrode supports and anode materials, among others, and discuss the need for more stable carbon-efficient systems and materials recycling strategies. We conclude with potential approaches to rationally design materials towards sustainable CO2 capture and electrolysis at the gigatonne scale. CO2 electroreduction aims to decarbonize converting CO2 and clean energy into chemicals. To have an impact, this technology should be scaled up into the gigatonne conversion range. In this Review, the authors analyse challenges related to resource and material scalability bottlenecks to enable the sustainable deployment of CO2 electroreduction.
{"title":"Materials challenges on the path to gigatonne CO2 electrolysis","authors":"Blanca Belsa, Lu Xia, Viktoria Golovanova, Bárbara Polesso, Adrián Pinilla-Sánchez, Lara San Martín, Jiaye Ye, Cao-Thang Dinh, F. Pelayo García de Arquer","doi":"10.1038/s41578-024-00696-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-024-00696-9","url":null,"abstract":"CO2 electroreduction (CO2E) is one promising strategy towards decarbonization, offering a path to produce widely used chemicals such as fuels or manufacturing feedstocks using renewable energy and waste CO2 (as opposed to fossil fuels). CO2E performance at the laboratory scale is advancing quickly, including ongoing scale-up and industrialization efforts. To address global CO2 emissions (~37 Gt per year), CO2 electrolysers and components, as well as upstream and downstream associated technologies, must be deployed at the gigawatt scale. This entails considerable challenges beyond performance, such as resource availability, deployment readability and end-of-life system management, which are today overlooked. In this Review, we analyse the impending resource challenges as CO2E deployment approaches gigatonne scale, considering a life cycle assessment focused on the associated materials and their corresponding global warming impact. We identify scalability bottlenecks related to membranes, electrode supports and anode materials, among others, and discuss the need for more stable carbon-efficient systems and materials recycling strategies. We conclude with potential approaches to rationally design materials towards sustainable CO2 capture and electrolysis at the gigatonne scale. CO2 electroreduction aims to decarbonize converting CO2 and clean energy into chemicals. To have an impact, this technology should be scaled up into the gigatonne conversion range. In this Review, the authors analyse challenges related to resource and material scalability bottlenecks to enable the sustainable deployment of CO2 electroreduction.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"9 8","pages":"535-549"},"PeriodicalIF":79.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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