Pub Date : 2025-06-12DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00821-2
Kai Zhang (, ), Junjiang Wu (, ), Chunlong Sun (, ), Dae Sung Chung (, ), Yanhou Geng (, ), Long Ye (, )
Built on the versatile chemistry of organic semiconductors, organic photodetectors offer efficient thin-film light absorption, mechanical flexibility, spectral tunability and biocompatibility. They are unlocking applications where conformability, seamless integration, human-centric integration and large-area processing are critical.
Pub Date : 2025-06-10DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00820-3
Coralie Jehanno, Marta Ximenis, Louise Breloy, Oğuzhan Akin, Rita Kol, Kevin M. Van Geem, Steven De Meester, Haritz Sardón
Waste management has transformed over the past half a century, from key dumping and landfilling laws in the 1970s to today’s complex policies targeting plastic waste reduction and recycling. Still, global disparities are glaring, and stronger policies, infrastructure and technology are necessary to achieve a truly circular plastics economy.
{"title":"What decades of plastics waste management have taught us","authors":"Coralie Jehanno, Marta Ximenis, Louise Breloy, Oğuzhan Akin, Rita Kol, Kevin M. Van Geem, Steven De Meester, Haritz Sardón","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00820-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00820-3","url":null,"abstract":"Waste management has transformed over the past half a century, from key dumping and landfilling laws in the 1970s to today’s complex policies targeting plastic waste reduction and recycling. Still, global disparities are glaring, and stronger policies, infrastructure and technology are necessary to achieve a truly circular plastics economy.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 10","pages":"715-716"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00810-5
Lu Chen, Le Yu, Luhe Qi, Stephen J. Eichhorn, Akira Isogai, Erlantz Lizundia, J. Y. Zhu, Chaoji Chen
Increasing environmental concerns demand the replacement of petroleum with renewable, sustainable resources to produce biodegradable and carbon-neutral products. As a natural, abundant and versatile biopolymer, cellulose has long been used in traditional applications such as paper and textiles and is now emerging in advanced fields including energy storage, healthcare, food, cosmetics, and paints and emulsions. Supramolecular chemistry offers a powerful strategy for engineering cellulose nanocomposites through specific, directional, tunable and reversible non-covalent interactions between nanocellulose and matrix components to achieve certain mechanical, chemical and biological properties. In this Review, we present the multiscale supramolecular engineering of cellulose nanocomposites and their fabrication and processing into materials. We provide a material and structural perspective of how the mechanical, ionic, optical and thermal properties and the environmental degradability of these nanocomposites can be regulated through supramolecular chemistry. Finally, we discuss how these approaches might address circularity and environmental sustainability goals, and we highlight major challenges and future prospects in the field, calling for further attention on supramolecular chemistry engineering to maximize the potential of these materials. Cellulose, a renewable and biodegradable biopolymer, is gaining momentum as a sustainable alternative to fossil-based materials. This Review explores how supramolecular chemistry enables the design, processing and function of cellulose nanocomposites for circular and high-performance applications.
{"title":"Cellulose nanocomposites by supramolecular chemistry engineering","authors":"Lu Chen, Le Yu, Luhe Qi, Stephen J. Eichhorn, Akira Isogai, Erlantz Lizundia, J. Y. Zhu, Chaoji Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00810-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00810-5","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing environmental concerns demand the replacement of petroleum with renewable, sustainable resources to produce biodegradable and carbon-neutral products. As a natural, abundant and versatile biopolymer, cellulose has long been used in traditional applications such as paper and textiles and is now emerging in advanced fields including energy storage, healthcare, food, cosmetics, and paints and emulsions. Supramolecular chemistry offers a powerful strategy for engineering cellulose nanocomposites through specific, directional, tunable and reversible non-covalent interactions between nanocellulose and matrix components to achieve certain mechanical, chemical and biological properties. In this Review, we present the multiscale supramolecular engineering of cellulose nanocomposites and their fabrication and processing into materials. We provide a material and structural perspective of how the mechanical, ionic, optical and thermal properties and the environmental degradability of these nanocomposites can be regulated through supramolecular chemistry. Finally, we discuss how these approaches might address circularity and environmental sustainability goals, and we highlight major challenges and future prospects in the field, calling for further attention on supramolecular chemistry engineering to maximize the potential of these materials. Cellulose, a renewable and biodegradable biopolymer, is gaining momentum as a sustainable alternative to fossil-based materials. This Review explores how supramolecular chemistry enables the design, processing and function of cellulose nanocomposites for circular and high-performance applications.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 10","pages":"728-749"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabricating high-performance perovskite solar cells under ambient conditions — without strict humidity or atmospheric controls — paves the way for scalable, low-cost photovoltaics. However, achieving such fabrication requires deeper materials insights into how moisture and oxygen influence precursor solution chemistry and guide perovskite film crystallization.
{"title":"Ambient fabrication of perovskites for photovoltaics","authors":"Yu Zou, Wenjin Yu, Bo Qu, Zhijian Chen, Mingyang Wei, Lixin Xiao","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00813-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00813-2","url":null,"abstract":"Fabricating high-performance perovskite solar cells under ambient conditions — without strict humidity or atmospheric controls — paves the way for scalable, low-cost photovoltaics. However, achieving such fabrication requires deeper materials insights into how moisture and oxygen influence precursor solution chemistry and guide perovskite film crystallization.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 6","pages":"400-402"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00809-y
Nathan C. Brown, Daniel C. Ames, Jochen Mueller
Printheads are the cornerstone of material extrusion 3D printing systems, now capable of processing virtually any material — organic or inorganic. Multimaterial capabilities have further expanded their versatility, enabling coextrusion, mixing and material switching. Advanced multifunctional printhead features allow for nozzle size and shape adjustments, printhead rotation and in situ property modulation. These improvements enable unprecedented design complexity, higher throughput and the fabrication of intricate material compositions across multiple length scales. Applications span from architected metamaterials with tunable properties to functional tissue from living cells and soft robotics with integrated sensing. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of this rapidly evolving field, introducing eight archetypal printhead categories and their hybrids. It explores their role in materials design, ability to overcome processing limitations and impact on emerging applications. Additionally, it identifies open challenges and offers an outlook on the future of multimaterial 3D printing. Multimaterial extrusion 3D printing enables the printing of systems ranging from tunable architected metamaterials to functional tissue from living cells and soft robotics with integrated sensing. This Review surveys advanced multifunctional printheads for multilateral 3D printing, exploring their role in materials design, ability to overcome processing limitations and impact on emerging applications.
{"title":"Multimaterial extrusion 3D printing printheads","authors":"Nathan C. Brown, Daniel C. Ames, Jochen Mueller","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00809-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00809-y","url":null,"abstract":"Printheads are the cornerstone of material extrusion 3D printing systems, now capable of processing virtually any material — organic or inorganic. Multimaterial capabilities have further expanded their versatility, enabling coextrusion, mixing and material switching. Advanced multifunctional printhead features allow for nozzle size and shape adjustments, printhead rotation and in situ property modulation. These improvements enable unprecedented design complexity, higher throughput and the fabrication of intricate material compositions across multiple length scales. Applications span from architected metamaterials with tunable properties to functional tissue from living cells and soft robotics with integrated sensing. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of this rapidly evolving field, introducing eight archetypal printhead categories and their hybrids. It explores their role in materials design, ability to overcome processing limitations and impact on emerging applications. Additionally, it identifies open challenges and offers an outlook on the future of multimaterial 3D printing. Multimaterial extrusion 3D printing enables the printing of systems ranging from tunable architected metamaterials to functional tissue from living cells and soft robotics with integrated sensing. This Review surveys advanced multifunctional printheads for multilateral 3D printing, exploring their role in materials design, ability to overcome processing limitations and impact on emerging applications.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 11","pages":"807-825"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-21DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00804-3
Guoping Li, Mohammed Al-Hashimi, Antonio Facchetti, Tobin J. Marks
The power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells have now surpassed 20%, marking a considerable advance in performance. This progress raises an important question: which molecular or macromolecular modifications contribute most effectively to efficiency gains? Among these, halogenation — specifically fluorination and chlorination — has been a key driver of performance improvements, making it a particularly promising avenue for materials exploration. In this Perspective, we provide a comparative discussion of a broad range of non-halogenated and halogenated building blocks, acceptors and donors, evaluating the impact of halogenation on efficiency and scalability. We also examine critical challenges, including organic solar cell durability, large-scale manufacturability and the realistic costs associated with halogenation, positioning it as a central factor in performance optimization. Organic solar cells that use halogenated building blocks now boast power conversion efficiencies beyond 20%, albeit at the expense of increased synthetic complexity. This Perspective explores trade-offs among efficiency, scalability and cost–effectiveness in halogenated organic solar cells.
{"title":"Decoding the halogenation cost-performance paradox in organic solar cells","authors":"Guoping Li, Mohammed Al-Hashimi, Antonio Facchetti, Tobin J. Marks","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00804-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00804-3","url":null,"abstract":"The power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells have now surpassed 20%, marking a considerable advance in performance. This progress raises an important question: which molecular or macromolecular modifications contribute most effectively to efficiency gains? Among these, halogenation — specifically fluorination and chlorination — has been a key driver of performance improvements, making it a particularly promising avenue for materials exploration. In this Perspective, we provide a comparative discussion of a broad range of non-halogenated and halogenated building blocks, acceptors and donors, evaluating the impact of halogenation on efficiency and scalability. We also examine critical challenges, including organic solar cell durability, large-scale manufacturability and the realistic costs associated with halogenation, positioning it as a central factor in performance optimization. Organic solar cells that use halogenated building blocks now boast power conversion efficiencies beyond 20%, albeit at the expense of increased synthetic complexity. This Perspective explores trade-offs among efficiency, scalability and cost–effectiveness in halogenated organic solar cells.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 8","pages":"617-631"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00808-z
Ze-Xian Low (, ), Qianxi Zhang (, ), Qiuyue Wang (, ), Zhouyou Wang (, ), Zhaoxiang Zhong (, ), Weihong Xing (, ), Huanting Wang (, )
With the shift towards renewable energy, demand for lithium is surging — underscoring the need for more efficient and sustainable ways to harvest it. Inorganic solid-state electrolytes, most known for their role in all-solid-state batteries, offer largely untapped potential as ion separation membrane materials for direct lithium extraction.
{"title":"Inorganic solid-state electrolyte membranes for lithium extraction","authors":"Ze-Xian Low \u0000 (, ), Qianxi Zhang \u0000 (, ), Qiuyue Wang \u0000 (, ), Zhouyou Wang \u0000 (, ), Zhaoxiang Zhong \u0000 (, ), Weihong Xing \u0000 (, ), Huanting Wang \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00808-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00808-z","url":null,"abstract":"With the shift towards renewable energy, demand for lithium is surging — underscoring the need for more efficient and sustainable ways to harvest it. Inorganic solid-state electrolytes, most known for their role in all-solid-state batteries, offer largely untapped potential as ion separation membrane materials for direct lithium extraction.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 6","pages":"397-399"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00803-4
Francisco Freire-Fernández, Sang-Min Park, Max J. H. Tan, Teri W. Odom
Plasmonic lattice lasers offer a promising alternative to compact sources such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. These lasers have an open-cavity design consisting of periodic lattices of metallic nanoparticles that facilitate integration with both liquid-state and solid-state gain nanomaterials. Recent advances have enabled real-time control over lasing wavelength, tunable multimodal lasing, and design of complex polarization and intensity profiles. In this Review, we summarize key developments in plasmonic lattice lasers over the past 5 years, with a focus on unconventional lattice cavities and how they can facilitate tailored lasing characteristics. We discuss strategies for realizing multicolour and multidirectional emission, the advantages of different gain materials and the challenges of reducing lasing thresholds. Although substantial progress has been made, open questions regarding fabrication precision, threshold engineering and the realization of electrically driven plasmonic lasers remain. Plasmonic lattice lasers are poised to play a critical part in next-generation technologies for optical communication, sensing and quantum applications. Plasmonic nanoparticle lattices can function as optical cavities with unique properties for next-generation nanolasers. This Review describes how plasmonic lattice lasers can exhibit tailorable emission wavelength, polarization and directionality by judicious selection of gain nanomaterials, lattice symmetries and nanoparticle compositions.
{"title":"Plasmonic lattice lasers","authors":"Francisco Freire-Fernández, Sang-Min Park, Max J. H. Tan, Teri W. Odom","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00803-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00803-4","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmonic lattice lasers offer a promising alternative to compact sources such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. These lasers have an open-cavity design consisting of periodic lattices of metallic nanoparticles that facilitate integration with both liquid-state and solid-state gain nanomaterials. Recent advances have enabled real-time control over lasing wavelength, tunable multimodal lasing, and design of complex polarization and intensity profiles. In this Review, we summarize key developments in plasmonic lattice lasers over the past 5 years, with a focus on unconventional lattice cavities and how they can facilitate tailored lasing characteristics. We discuss strategies for realizing multicolour and multidirectional emission, the advantages of different gain materials and the challenges of reducing lasing thresholds. Although substantial progress has been made, open questions regarding fabrication precision, threshold engineering and the realization of electrically driven plasmonic lasers remain. Plasmonic lattice lasers are poised to play a critical part in next-generation technologies for optical communication, sensing and quantum applications. Plasmonic nanoparticle lattices can function as optical cavities with unique properties for next-generation nanolasers. This Review describes how plasmonic lattice lasers can exhibit tailorable emission wavelength, polarization and directionality by judicious selection of gain nanomaterials, lattice symmetries and nanoparticle compositions.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 8","pages":"604-616"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00812-3
Charlotte Allard
An article in Nature Materials reports on a method to reduce the foreign body response of semiconducting polymers.
《自然材料》杂志上的一篇文章报道了一种减少半导体聚合物的异物反应的方法。
{"title":"Reducing immune response in semiconducting polymers through molecular design","authors":"Charlotte Allard","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00812-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00812-3","url":null,"abstract":"An article in Nature Materials reports on a method to reduce the foreign body response of semiconducting polymers.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 6","pages":"403-403"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-07DOI: 10.1038/s41578-025-00800-7
Edward B. Gordon, Inyoung Choi, Armaghan Amanipour, Yiwen Hu, Amin Nikkhah, Begum Koysuren, Champ Jones, Nitin Nitin, Reza Ovissipour, Markus J. Buehler, Nicole Tichenor Blackstone, David L. Kaplan
Alternative food products are needed to address the most pressing challenges faced by the food industry: growing global food demand, health concerns, animal welfare, food security and environmental sustainability. Future foods are defined as foods with scalability and sustainability potential owing to rapidly advancing technological developments in their production systems. Key areas of study for future foods include cellular agriculture and plant-based systems, which include biomaterials as key ingredients or as structural components to impart texture, support cell growth and metabolism, and provide nutrients and organoleptic factors to food products. This Review discusses current requirements, options and processing approaches for biomaterials with utility in future foods. We focus on two main approaches: cellular agriculture wherein the cells are the key component for food (with the biomaterials utilized to support the cells via adherence and/or for texture) and plant-based foods wherein acellular plant-derived biomaterials are the food components. In both cases, the same fundamental challenges apply for the biomaterials: achieving utility at scale and low cost while meeting food safety requirements. Other considerations for biomaterials for future foods are also addressed, including sustainability, modelling, consumer acceptance, nutrition, regulatory status and safety considerations to highlight the path ahead. This emerging field of biomaterials for future foods offers a new generation of biomaterial systems that can positively impact human health, environmental sustainability and animal welfare. Although scaling these biomaterial sources cost-effectively presents a major challenge, substantial progress is being made, and opportunities to establish supply chains are already underway. Biomaterials have a crucial role in the development of future foods, particularly in cellular agriculture and plant-based systems. This Review addresses the current status and future requirements of biomaterials for future foods, addressing key aspects such as structure, nutrition, safety, sensory attributes, sustainability and consumer preferences.
{"title":"Biomaterials in cellular agriculture and plant-based foods for the future","authors":"Edward B. Gordon, Inyoung Choi, Armaghan Amanipour, Yiwen Hu, Amin Nikkhah, Begum Koysuren, Champ Jones, Nitin Nitin, Reza Ovissipour, Markus J. Buehler, Nicole Tichenor Blackstone, David L. Kaplan","doi":"10.1038/s41578-025-00800-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41578-025-00800-7","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative food products are needed to address the most pressing challenges faced by the food industry: growing global food demand, health concerns, animal welfare, food security and environmental sustainability. Future foods are defined as foods with scalability and sustainability potential owing to rapidly advancing technological developments in their production systems. Key areas of study for future foods include cellular agriculture and plant-based systems, which include biomaterials as key ingredients or as structural components to impart texture, support cell growth and metabolism, and provide nutrients and organoleptic factors to food products. This Review discusses current requirements, options and processing approaches for biomaterials with utility in future foods. We focus on two main approaches: cellular agriculture wherein the cells are the key component for food (with the biomaterials utilized to support the cells via adherence and/or for texture) and plant-based foods wherein acellular plant-derived biomaterials are the food components. In both cases, the same fundamental challenges apply for the biomaterials: achieving utility at scale and low cost while meeting food safety requirements. Other considerations for biomaterials for future foods are also addressed, including sustainability, modelling, consumer acceptance, nutrition, regulatory status and safety considerations to highlight the path ahead. This emerging field of biomaterials for future foods offers a new generation of biomaterial systems that can positively impact human health, environmental sustainability and animal welfare. Although scaling these biomaterial sources cost-effectively presents a major challenge, substantial progress is being made, and opportunities to establish supply chains are already underway. Biomaterials have a crucial role in the development of future foods, particularly in cellular agriculture and plant-based systems. This Review addresses the current status and future requirements of biomaterials for future foods, addressing key aspects such as structure, nutrition, safety, sensory attributes, sustainability and consumer preferences.","PeriodicalId":19081,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Materials","volume":"10 7","pages":"500-518"},"PeriodicalIF":86.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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